Background: and Purpose Live cell-based assays (LCBA) are increasingly used for serological antibody detection due to their ability to preserve antigen conformation, offering moderately higher sensitivity than fixed cell-based assays. However, the clinical necessity of prioritizing LCBA for the detection of aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remains unclear, especially when compared to its established role in diagnosing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Methods: We compared the performance of live cell-based assays using immunofluorescence (LCBA-IF) and fixed cell-based assays using immunofluorescence (FCBA-IF) in detecting AQP4-IgG in 90 cases of NMOSD meeting 2015 International Panel for Neuromyelitis Optica Diagnosis criteria, alongside 40 controls. Additionally, we further investigated the relationship between AQP4-IgG titers as measured by LCBA-IF and FCBA-IF and clinical parameters in NMOSD patients. Results: Results showed 96.9% agreement between LCBA-IF and FCBA-IF (Cohen’s κ=0.935), with a strong Spearman correlation (0.977, p<0.001). Both methods demonstrated 100% specificity, with LCBA-IF showing slightly higher sensitivity compared to FCBA-IF. Within LCBAIF-tested groups, statistically significant differences in annualized relapse rates were observed across all pairwise comparisons (low-titer vs. moderate-titer, low-titer vs. high-titer, and moderate-titer vs. high-titer; all p<0.050). However, this association reached statistical significance in some FCBA-IF-tested groups. Conclusions Overall, there is a strong concordance between LCBA-IF and FCBA-IF in detecting AQP4-IgG, where LCBA-IF shows slightly higher sensitivity. Furthermore, there is a potential link between elevated AQP4-IgG titers and an increased risk of relapse, and this correlation may appear more pronounced when using LCBA-IF.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the comparative clinical outcomes of zero-profile interbody fusion （Zero-P） and traditional anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with titanium plate （ACDF-plate） for three-level cervical spondylosis， providing a reference to optimize surgical strategies for three-level cervical spondylosis. MethodsIn this retrospective comparative study， 113 patients were included and assigned to either the Zero-P group （n=51） or the ACDF-plate group （n=62） according to their surgical approaches. Clinical outcomes were evaluated and compared between the two groups using operative time， intraoperative blood loss， length of hospital stay， visual analog scale （VAS） scores， cervical range of motion （ROM）， neck disability index （NDI）， Cervical Disability Index （CDI）， Japanese orthopaedic association （JOA） scores， and postoperative complication rates. ResultsCompared with the ACDF-plate group， the Zero-P group had a shorter operative time and less intraoperative blood loss （P<0.05）； the neck pain VAS score was lower on the 1st day and 1st week after surgery （P<0.05）； the cervical flexion range of motion was higher at 1 month after surgery （P<0.05）； the JOA score was higher at 3 months after surgery， while the NDI and CDI scores were lower （P<0.05）； the total incidence of complications （11.76%） was significantly lower than that in the plate fixation group （35.48%）， and the incidence of neck foreign body sensation/stiffness was lower （P<0.05）. ConclusionZero-P not only demonstrates safety and efficacy comparable to the ACDF-plate， but also highlights the significant value of the minimally invasive concept in facilitating early recovery. Both procedures have their respective emphasis on biomechanical maintenance and minimally invasive benefits， providing a clear evidence-based reference for individualized and precise surgical decision-making in three-level cervical spondylosis.

[Objective] To analyze the influencing factors of repeat blood donor lapsing using a zero-inflated poisson regression model (ZIP). [Methods] The blood donation behavior of 12 498 whole blood donors from 2020 was tracked until December 31, 2023. The factors influencing the frequency of blood donations in a given year was analyzed using ZIP, and donors with 0 blood donation in that year were considered to have lapsed. The changes in relevant influencing factors associated with each blood donation were measured and modeled for analysis. [Results] The zero-inflated part of ZIP showed that the risk of lapsing of male blood donors was 2.24 times that of female blood donors (OR 95% CI:1.864-2.696, P<0.001); the risk of lapsing of the 35-44 age group and over 45 age group was respectively 40% (OR 95% CI:0.455-0.790, P<0.001) and 61%(OR 95% CI:0.268-0.578, P<0.001) lower than that of the under 25 age group; the risk of lapsing for those who have donated blood twice and ≥3 times was respectively 50% (OR 95% CI:0.405-0.609, P<0.001) and 81% (OR 95% CI:0.154-0.225, P<0.001) lower than that of first-time donors; the risk of lapsing of those with junior high or high school education was 1.2 times that of those with a college degree or higher (OR 95% CI:1.033-1.384, P<0.05); the risk of lapsing for the divorced group was 2.02 times that of the married group (OR 95% CI:1.445-2.820, P<0.001); the risk of lapsing for those with an income (Yuan) of 10 000 to 50 000, 50 000 to 100 000 and more than 100 000 was respectively 0.67 (OR 95% CI:0.552-0.818, P<0.001), 0.72 (OR 95% CI:0.591-0.884, P=0.002) and 0.67 (OR 95% CI:0.535-0.834, P<0.001) times that of those with an income (Yuan) of less than 10 000. The results of the Poisson part are consistent with the results of the zero-inflated part in terms of age and education level. [Conclusion] Blood donor lapsing is overall related to factors such as gender, age, donation frequency, education, marital status and family income. It's essential to care for those blood donors prone to lapse to retain more regular blood donors.

Although cancer immunotherapy has made great strides in the clinic, it is still hindered by the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME). The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway which can modulate TIME effectively has emerged as a promising therapeutic recently. However, the delivery of most STING agonists, specifically cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), is performed intratumorally due to their insufficient pharmacological properties, such as weak permeability across cell membranes and vulnerability to nuclease degradation. To expand the clinical applicability of CDNs, a novel pH-sensitive polycationic polymer-modified lipid nanoparticle (LNP-B) system was developed for intravenous delivery of CDNs. LNP-B significantly extended the circulation of CDNs and enhanced the accumulation of CDNs within the tumor, spleen, and tumor-draining lymph nodes compared with free CDNs thereby triggering the STING pathway of dendritic cells and repolarizing pro-tumor macrophages. These events subsequently gave rise to potent anti-tumor immune reactions and substantial inhibition of tumors in CT26 colon cancer-bearing mouse models. In addition, due to the acid-sensitive property of the polycationic polymer, the delivery system of LNP-B was more biocompatible and safer compared with lipid nanoparticles formulated with an indissociable cationic DOTAP (LNP-D). These findings suggest that LNP-B has great potential in the intravenous delivery of CDNs for tumor immunotherapy.

To investigate the association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) andestimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with diabetes using large-scale data.

Biomolecular condensates are formed through phase separation of biomacromolecules such as proteins and RNAs. These condensates exhibit liquid-like properties that can futher transition into more stable material states. They form complex internal structures via multivalent weak interactions, enabling precise spatiotemporal regulations. However, the use of inconsistent and non-standardized terminology has become increasingly problematic, hindering academic exchange and the dissemination of scientific knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the terminology related to biomolecular condensates in order to clarify concepts, promote interdisciplinary cooperation, enhance research efficiency, and support the healthy development of this field.

A 66-year-old female patient with lung adenocarcinoma was treated with crizotinib [the first-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors] 250 mg twice daily. Prior to treatment, the patient's liver and kidney functions were normal. One month after treatment, her serum creatinine (Scr) was 85 μmol/L, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 115 U/L. After discontinuing crizotinib for 10 days, both Scr and ALT returned to normal. One month later, the patient underwent a right lower lobectomy. Crizotinib was restarted postoperatively, and she developed symptoms of lower limb edema and poor appetite. After more than 3 months of treatment, her Scr increased to 129 μmol/L, ALT was 96 U/L, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was 83 U/L. Crizotinib was then switched to alectinib (the second-generation ALK inhibitors) 600 mg orally twice daily, and the patient's gastrointestinal symptoms and liver function were rapidly improved. However, her Scr continued to increase gradually (140-150 μmol/L). Renal biopsy pathology indicated IgA nephropathy and acute tubular injury. After 4 months of alectinib treatment, Scr was 174 μmol/L, and the drug was promptly discontinued. One month after discontinuation, Scr decreased to 125 μmol/L. Due to tumor progression, the patient restarted alectinib at a reduced dose (300 mg twice daily). Three months later, Scr increased to 177 μmol/L. Subsequently, alectinib was replaced with lorlatinib (the third-generation ALK inhibitors) 100 mg once daily due to tumor progression. After 6 months of treatment, the tumor condition was controlled, and Scr decreased to 124 μmol/L.

Objective To investigate the related risk factors for calf muscular venous thrombosis(CMVT)complicated with pulmonary embolism(PE),and to provide new theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of CMVT patients.Methods A total of 200 CMVT patients were selected.CMVT patients with PE during hospitalization and within six months after discharge were selected as the PE group,and CMVT patients without PE were selected as the non-PE group.The differences in clinical data between the two groups were compared.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent factors of CMVT complicated with PE and to establish the clinical prediction model of CMVT complicated with PE.Results Among the 200 patients,36 cases were classified in the PE group,and 164 cases were classified in the non-PE group,resulting in an incidence rate of 18％.Logistic regression analysis indicated that"surgery","fracture",and"tumor"were identified as independent risk factors for developing PE in CMVT patients.Conversely,"anticoagulation"was a protective factor against PE in CMVT patients.Based on this,a regression equation model was established,with the predicted overall accuracy of 89.5％.The prediction model was analyzed using the Bootstrap resampling method,yielding an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.909 and a C-index of 0.908 7[95％confidence interval(CI)0.856 2-0.961 2].These results indicated that the prediction model exhibited superior discriminatory ability in distinguishing between patients with PE and those without.Conclusion Surgery,fracture,and tumor are independent risk factors for PE in patients with CMVT.Anticoagulant therapy is recommended for preventing complications such as PE in cases of CMVT.The constructed clinical prediction model of CMVT complicated with PE can provide reference for the treatment and prognosis of CMVT patients.

Objective:To investigate the inpact of thyroid cancer-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAF) autophagy on papillary thyroid cancer(PTC).Methods:CAF and normal fibroblasts were isolated from cancerous and adjacent normal thyroid tissues from four PTC patients. Expressions of fibroblast activation protein(FAP) and α-smooth muscle actin in cells were assessed. Conditioned medium of CAF and normal fibroblasts were prepared and used to culture PTC cells. The effects of CAF and normal fibroblasts on survival, proliferation, migration, invasion and iodine uptake of PTC cells were evaluated through cell proliferation assay, cell scratch assay, cell invasion assay, and cell iodine uptake assay. The autophagy level of CAF was also evaluated. Autophagy inhibition and activation were used to regulate the autophagy of CAF, and then their effects on PTC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were further evaluated. The in vivo effect of CAF autophagy on PTC xenograft tumor growth was evaluated.Results:CAF exhibited higher FAP expression and basal autophagy levels. PTC cells co-cultured with CAF-conditioned media showed enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion, and reduced iodine uptake. Autophagy inhibition reduced these effects, while autophagy activation further promoted them. In vivo, inhibiting CAF autophagy suppressed tumor growth.Conclusions:CAF promotes PTC cell malignancy through autophagy activation, enhancing proliferation, migration, and invasion while reducing iodine uptake.

A 15-year-old boy developed abdominal pain and melena two weeks after COVID-19 infection, which was followed by gross hematuria and proteinuria. Laboratory studies revealed significantly elevated inflammatory markers. Endoscopic examinations showed multiple jejunal and ileal ulcers. Renal biopsy suggested mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with crescent formation, necrosis of capillary loops, and mesangial IgA deposits. IgA vasculitis without purpura was considered as a possible diagnosis, and the treatment with prednisone led to remission of both gastrointestinal and renal diseases.