Abstract The prevention and control of myopia in Chinese children and adolescents has become a major public health issue. While maintaining increased outdoor activity as a cornerstone intervention, there is an urgent need to explore new complementary approaches that can be effectively implemented in both indoor and outdoor settings. In recent years, environmental spatial frequency has gained increasing attention as one of the key environmental factors influencing the development and progression of myopia. Both animal studies and human research have confirmed that indoor environments lacking mid to high spatial frequency components, often characterized as "visually impoverished", can promote axial elongation and myopia through mechanisms such as disruption of retinal neural signaling, impaired accommodative function, and altered expression of related molecules. Based on the scientific consensus, it is recommended that "enriching of environmental spatial frequency" should be integrated into the myopia prevention and control framework. Following the principles of schoolled organization, family cooperation, community involvement, and student participation, specific measures are put forward in three areas：optimizing school visual settings, improving home spatial environments, and promoting healthy visual behavior. The aim is to create "visually friendly" indoor environments as an important supplement to outdoor activity, thereby providing a novel perspective and strategy for comprehensively advancing myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents.

Pulmonary fibrosis（PF） is a progressive and life-threatening disease with limited therapeutic options， highlighting the urgent need for innovative drug discovery strategies. To address this challenge， the authors propose the formula-originated rational intelligent screening&translation（FIRST）， a systematic framework for developing anti-fibrotic monomers derived from classical traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. The strategy integrates three key dimensions， including tissue-oriented intelligent screening of active compounds， structural optimization based on drug-target spatial interactions and plant biosynthetic pathways， and cross-scale validation of drug. We further highlight its applications in discovering tissue-oriented novel drugs from clinically validated TCM， the development and mechanistic elucidation of anti-fibrotic therapeutics， as well as the clinical translation and secondary development of candidate drugs. This strategy paves the way for first-in-class， formula-derived monomeric drugs with defined structures， clarified mechanisms， and proven safety， offering a transformative avenue to meet the urgent therapeutic needs of PF and setting a new paradigm for TCM-based drug innovation.

Pulmonary fibrosis（PF） is a progressive and life-threatening disease with limited therapeutic options， highlighting the urgent need for innovative drug discovery strategies. To address this challenge， the authors propose the formula-originated rational intelligent screening&translation（FIRST）， a systematic framework for developing anti-fibrotic monomers derived from classical traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. The strategy integrates three key dimensions， including tissue-oriented intelligent screening of active compounds， structural optimization based on drug-target spatial interactions and plant biosynthetic pathways， and cross-scale validation of drug. We further highlight its applications in discovering tissue-oriented novel drugs from clinically validated TCM， the development and mechanistic elucidation of anti-fibrotic therapeutics， as well as the clinical translation and secondary development of candidate drugs. This strategy paves the way for first-in-class， formula-derived monomeric drugs with defined structures， clarified mechanisms， and proven safety， offering a transformative avenue to meet the urgent therapeutic needs of PF and setting a new paradigm for TCM-based drug innovation.

AIM: To analysis the correlation between extraocular muscle thickness measured by quantitative CT analysis of orbital structures and clinical activity score(CAS)of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS:This was a retrospective analysis, selecting clinical data of TAO patients admitted to the hospital from October 2020 to February 2025. Healthy individuals were chosen from hospital's physical examination as the control group. All participants underwent CT examination, the superior rectus muscle, inferior rectus muscle, medial rectus muscle, lateral rectus muscle, orbital area, protrusion degree, and total cross-sectional area of extraocular muscles/total orbital area ratio(OM/TOA)from the two groups of participants were compared. CAS was used to evaluate TAO patients, and the correlation between CAS score and quantitative analysis indicators of CT orbital structure was analyzed. Quantitative analysis indicators for CT orbital structure in TAO patients at different stages of activity were compared, and the predictive value of these indicators for TAO patients at different activity stages was investigated.RESULTS:A total of 77 TAO patients were enrolled in this study, including 38 males and 39 females, with ages ranging from 28 to 70 y(mean age 49.5±6.9 y). There were 77 cases in the control group, including 40 males and 37 females, with ages ranging from 26 to 70 y(mean age 49.0±7.3 y). There was no significant difference in gender and age between the two groups(both P>0.05). The quantitative analysis of left eye, right eye, and binocular CT orbital structure in TAO group patients showed significantly higher indicators than the control group(all P<0.001), and the CAS score of TAO group was 3.94±1.51 points. The CAS score was positively correlated with various indicators of CT orbital structure quantitative analysis(all P<0.05). According to the CAS score results, 14 cases(28 eyes)of TAO patients with a CAS score<3 were classified as inactive phase, including 8 males and 6 females, with an average age of 43.79±9.58 y. A total of 63 cases(126 eyes)with a CAS score of ≥3 was classified as active phase, including 30 males and 33 females, with an average age of 50.78±5.47 y. There was no significant difference in gender among TAO patients with different active phases(P=0.519), but there was a significant difference in age(P<0.001). The quantitative indicators of CT orbital structure in inactive patients were significantly lower than those in active patients(P<0.05). Finally, the superior rectus muscle, age, and degree of protrusion were selected to be included in the Logistic regression model. The analysis results showed that there was a correlation between the superior rectus muscle index, degree of protrusion and TAO activity phase(P<0.05), while age, and TAO activity phase showed no significant correlation(P>0.05). The ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.863, the standard error was 0.063, P<0.001, and the 95% confidence interval(95% CI)of AUC was 0.740-0.985. The sensitivity of the model prediction was 73.0%, the specificity was 92.9%, and the Youden index was 0.659. The prediction accuracy was 97.9%, the recall rate was 73.0%, and the F1 value was 0.836. The predicted optimal critical value was 0.857. The predicted probability was 0.74.CONCLUSION:Quantitative CT analysis of orbital structures can be used to assess disease severity in TAO patients.

Objective To investigate the capacity of municipal and county-level Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Shandong Province for γ radionuclides in food as well as gross α and gross β in drinking water, and to provide evidence for strengthening radiological laboratories. Method Data regarding radioactive detection capacity were collected from 16 prefecture-level cities and 136 county-level CDCs. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare capacity differences across regions and between cities with and without nuclear power plants. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the spatial equity of gross α and gross β detection capacity for drinking water. Result The detection capacity of gross α and gross β in drinking water varied significantly among counties (χ²=81.026, P<0.001），no significant difference was found between coastal and inland cities (χ²=2.021，P>0.155); Cities with nuclear power plants showed better detection capacity (χ²=20.253，P<0.01). The detection capacity for γ radionuclides in food was primarily concentrated in the prefecture-level cities that host nuclear power plants. Conclusion The overall detection capacity for radioactivity in drinking water was acceptable but spatially uneven. The capacity for monitoring radioactive contamination in food was generally weak. It is necessary to strengthen capacity building at the grassroots level.

Objective: To explore the association between transfusion of different allogeneic blood components and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized patients, to clarify the differences in thrombotic risk among various blood components, and to develop a targeted VTE risk prediction model. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, enrolling 5 406 hospitalized patients who received allogeneic blood transfusion in our hospital from November 2024 to October 2025. Using 1∶1 nearest neighbor propensity score matching (PSM), 5 402 non-transfused patients were selected as controls. The matching variables included sex, age, VTE risk score, VTE prophylaxis, comorbid tumor, use of antibiotics, and invasive mechanical ventilation, with a caliper of 0.01 and sampling without replacement. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to assess matching quality, with SMD<0.1 indicating balanced baseline characteristics. The transfusion group was stratified by the type of blood component transfused. The chi-square test with Bonferroni correction and multivariate logistic regression (including forced adjustment for the unbalanced variables VTE prophylaxis and antibiotic use) were used to analyze risk factors. A prediction model was constructed and validated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. The optimal cut-off value was determined by the maximum Youden index. Results: All variables showed SMD<0.1 after matching, indicating good baseline balance. The incidence of VTE was significantly higher in the transfusion group than in the control group (8.7% vs 4.3%, RR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.74-2.35, P<0.001). Significant differences in VTE incidence were observed among different transfusion subgroups, with a thrombotic risk gradient of combined transfusion > plasma > red blood cells ≈ platelets. The incidence of VTE in the combined transfusion subgroup was 11.7%, which was significantly higher than that in the red blood cell subgroup (RR=3.20, 95% CI: 2.41-4.24, P<0.001), plasma subgroup (RR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.24-2.35, P<0.001), and platelet subgroup (RR=6.81, 95% CI: 2.56-18.06, P<0.001). The prediction model showed good discrimination and calibration, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.800. The optimal cut-off value determined by the Youden index was 0.12, corresponding to a sensitivity of 62.3% and a negative predictive value of 91.4%. Conclusion: Allogeneic blood transfusion was an independent risk factor for VTE in hospitalized patients, with significant differences in thrombotic risk among different blood components. The prediction model developed in this study can achieve VTE risk stratification in transfused patients, providing evidence for precise transfusion therapy and patient blood management.

Abstract The prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents has become a national health strategy in China, and its prevention and management are transitioning from experience driven approaches to precise and intelligent strategies. Understanding the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in myopia prevention and control can provide a foundation for a comprehensive myopia prevention and control system. AI, with its powerful capabilities in data analysis and pattern recognition, shows significant potential in myopia risk prediction, screening and diagnosis, intervention support and behavior monitoring in children and adolescents. The article systematically summarizes the scientific evidence and consensus on the application of AI for myopia prevention and control in children and adolescents. From the perspective of public health practice, it proposes hierarchical expert recommendations for multiple scenarios including schools, families, communities and medical institutions, as well as policy and research with development. Furthermore, it discusses current challenges and future directions, aiming to provide a reference for building an intelligent, precise and fully covered comprehensive myopia prevention and control system in children and adolescents.

Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers, and the overall survival rate of lung cancer patients is very low. With the increasing research on lung cancer, the critical role of intestinal flora in lung cancer treatment has been gradually discovered. Among the various therapeutic approaches targeting the intestinal flora, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered as a potential strategy to treat lung cancer by interfering with the homeostasis of the intestinal flora. FMT can improve the efficacy of lung cancer treatment and attenuate the side effects associated with immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy by remodeling the microbial composition, modulating the metabolites, and activating immune responses. The aim of this paper is to discuss the current status and potential mechanisms of FMT in lung cancer treatment, and to provide a new strategy for regulating the intestinal flora to enhance the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.

Objective:To compare the changes of maximun flow rate and residual urine volume after tension-free vaginal tape(TVT)and trans-obturator tape(TOT)in the treatment of stress urinary incon-tinence in women.Methods:The clinical data of female patients with stress urinary incontinence who underwent transvaginal midsection tension-free urethral suspension in Peking University People's Hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients were followed up 1 month,6 months and 12 months after surgery.Urodynamics were performed to evaluate urethral sphincter function before surgery.At the same time,B-ultrasonography was improved to determine the residual uri-nary volume of the bladder,and urgent incontinence,detrusor weakness and bladder outlet obstruction were excluded,and the diagnosis was clearly stress incontinence.Maximum flow rate and residual urinary volume were measured during follow-up,and combined with the urinary incontinence questionnaire of the International Urinary Incontinence Advisory Committee,the surgical effect was judged to be cured,im-proved or ineffective according to the degree of improvement of urinary leakage symptoms after surgery.Results:A total of 150 female patients with stress urinary incontinence were included in the study,the average age of the patients was(55.12±10.23)years old,and the follow-up time was 12 months.All patients completed postoperative follow-up,of whom 60 underwent TVT and 90 underwent TOT.The overall effective rates(cure+improvement)1,6,and 12 months after surgery in the TVT group were 93.3％(56/60),91.7％(55/60),and 91.7％(55/60),and those in the TOT group were 92.2％(83/90),90.0％(81/90),90.0％(81/90),respectively,and there was no statistical difference be-tween the two groups.The average maximum urinary flow rates 1,6,and 12 months after surgery in the TVT group were(17.21±4.22)mL/s,(18.05±5.33)mL/s,and(18.37±4.92)mL/s,and those in the TOT group were(18.21±5.32)mL/s,(19.05±4.33)mL/s,and(19.27±4.92)mL/s,re-spectively,and there was no statistical difference between the two groups.The mean residual urine volume 1,6,and 12 months after surgery in the TVT group was(13.21±5.22)mL,(18.25±5.33)mL,and(16.37±7.92)mL,and those in the TOT group was(11.21±6.32)mL,(13.05±5.33)mL,and(11.27±5.92)mL,respectively,and there was no statistical difference between the two groups.Compared with preoperative levels,there were no significant differences in the average maximum flow rate and the residual urine volume in both group at 1,6,and 12 months after surgery.Conclusion:Both TVT and TOT are effective in the treatment of stress incontinence,and have no effect on postopera-tive maximum flow rate and residual urine volume.

The xylitol dehydrogenase(XDH)is a crucial enzyme involved in the xylose utilization in pentose-catabolizing yeasts and fungi.In addition to producing xylulose,XDH can also be employed to develop a biosensor for monitoring xylitol concentration.In this study,the gene encoding the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces emersonii XDH(TeXDH)was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)at 16 ℃ in the soluble form.Recombinant TeXDH with high purity was purified by using a Ni-NTA affinity column.Size-exclusion chromatography and SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated that the puri-fied recombinant TeXDH exists as a native trimer with a molecular mass of approximately 116 kD,and is composed of three identical subunits,each with a molecular weight of around 39 kD.The TeXDH strictly preferred NAD+as a coenzyme to NADP+.The optimal temperature and pH of the TeXDH were 40 ℃and 10.0,respectively.After EDTA treatment,the enzyme activity of TeXDH decreased to 43.26％of the initial enzyme activity,while the divalent metal ions Mg2+or Ca2+could recover the enzyme activity of TeXDH,reaching 103.32％and 110.69％of the initial enzyme activity,respectively,making them the optimal divalent metal ion cofactors for TeXDH enzyme.However,the divalent metal ions of Mn2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Co2+,and Cd2+significantly inhibited the activity of TeXDH.ICP-MS and molecular doc-king studies revealed that 1 mol/L of TeXDH bound 2 mol/L Zn2+ions and 1 mol/L Mg2+ion.Further-more,TeXDH exhibited a high specificity for xylitol,laying the foundation for the development of future xylitol biosensors.