Tissue repair requires the reconstruction of functional vascular networks to restore oxygen and nutrient delivery, eliminate metabolic waste, and maintain tissue homeostasis. Although biochemical factors such as growth factors and cytokines have been extensively studied in vascular regeneration, increasing evidence indicates that mechanical signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM) are equally important regulators of angiogenesis. Matrix stiffness, as a major biomechanical property of the tissue microenvironment, provides critical information that influences endothelial cell (EC) behavior and vascular remodeling through mechanotransduction. However, the biological effects of matrix stiffness are not universally defined as either pro- or anti-angiogenic, but are highly dependent on tissue context, cellular composition, disease progression, and the dynamic changes occurring during tissue repair. Therefore, understanding how matrix stiffness regulates vascular regeneration is essential for developing more precise strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the regulation of angiogenesis by matrix stiffness during tissue repair from multiple perspectives. First, we discuss the direct effects of matrix stiffness on EC behaviors, including differentiation, morphological remodeling, migration, proliferation, barrier maintenance, and vascular network formation. ECs sense mechanical alterations in the surrounding matrix through various mechanosensitive structures, including integrins, focal adhesion complexes, and mechanosensitive ion channels such as Piezo1 and TRPV proteins. These mechanical signals are subsequently transmitted through intracellular pathways involving FAK, RhoA/ROCK, MAPK, and Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling, leading to cytoskeletal reorganization and transcriptional regulation. Through these mechanisms, matrix stiffness regulates endothelial functional states and determines the balance between regenerative vascular formation and pathological vascular remodeling. Beyond the direct regulation of ECs, we further highlight the importance of stiffness-mediated intercellular communication within the regenerative microenvironment. Matrix stiffness can regulate the behavior and secretory profiles of vascular-associated cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages, thereby indirectly affecting endothelial function through paracrine mechanisms. Changes in matrix mechanics influence the secretion of angiogenic factors, inflammatory cytokines, and extracellular vesicles from these cells, creating a mechanical regulation network that coordinates vascular regeneration. This perspective extends the traditional concept of matrix stiffness from a physical support structure to an active regulatory signal that integrates multiple cellular responses during tissue repair. Furthermore, we discuss the tissue-specific effects of matrix stiffness in vascular regeneration across different organs, including the aorta, lung, liver, and heart. Although excessive matrix stiffening is frequently associated with fibrosis and vascular dysfunction, the consequences of mechanical changes vary considerably among tissues. Moderate stiffness alterations may support endothelial activation and vascular stabilization in certain regenerative contexts, whereas persistent pathological stiffening can promote inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and impaired vascular repair. These findings emphasize that the biological meaning of “soft” and “stiff” microenvironments should be interpreted according to specific tissue and experimental conditions rather than as universal mechanical classifications. Finally, we summarize current challenges and future perspectives in this field. A major limitation is the lack of standardized mechanical characterization among different studies, as stiffness measurements are influenced by material properties, testing methods, and experimental conditions, limiting direct comparison across research systems. Moreover, most existing models fail to fully reproduce the dynamic and viscoelastic properties of native ECM during tissue regeneration. Future studies should combine advanced biomaterials with standardized mechanical analysis, organoid models, and multi-omics approaches to establish more accurate mechanical regulatory maps. Overall, this review proposes that matrix stiffness is not merely a structural feature of tissues, but an active biological signal that regulates vascular regeneration through coordinated mechanotransduction and multicellular interactions. A deeper understanding of stiffness-mediated vascular regulation will provide new theoretical insights and therapeutic opportunities for improving tissue repair outcomes.

To evaluate the clinical application value of magnetic bead sorting technology (MBS) using the T-cell select kit combined with an automatic cell sorter for isolating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to realize automated specimen pre-processing and process optimization in T-SPOT.TB assay. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 300 patients recruited from the first affiliated hospital of Air Force Medical University from March 2023 to July 2024. Among them, there were 167 males and 133 females. The age range of the patients was 18 to 65 years, with a median age of 49.0 (33.3, 59.0) years and a mean age of (46.4±13.9) years. 4 ml of anticoagulated whole blood samples in duplicate were collected from each patient. One fresh sample (0-4 h) was processed immediately using density gradient centrifugation (DGC) for PBMC isolation, while the other was processed using MBS method at either 0-4 h or 34-54 h post-collection. The cycles for cell enrichment step of the automatic cell sorter were adjusted from the conventional 4 cycles to 2 cycles. Statistical analysis was performed using Cohen′s Kappa test to evaluate the concordance of T-SPOT.TB results across all processing groups. The results showed that for fresh samples (0-4 h), the T-SPOT.TB results for samples processed with 4-cycle and 2-cycle MBS enrichment steps demonstrated positive concordance rates of 91.7% and 93.1%, negative concordance rates of 100% for both, overall concordance rates of 98.0% and 97.9%, and Kappa values of 0.94 and 0.95, respectively, compared with the reference results for paired samples processed using DGC. Correspondingly, the results for samples processed with the 4-cycle and 2-cycle MBS methods at 34-54 h post-collection yielded positive concordance rates of 90.0% and 81.3%, negative concordance rates of 95.1% and 100%, overall concordance rates of 93.0% and 82.9%, and Kappa values of 0.86 and 0.43, respectively, compared with the reference results for fresh samples processed using DGC. In conclusion,for 0-4 h samples, the T-SPOT.TB results from both 4-cycle and 2-cycle MBS enrichment protocols were highly consistent with the reference results from conventional DGC methods. However, for 34-54 h stored samples, results from the 4-cycle MBS method rather than the 2-cycle protocol exhibited significantly superior concordance with the reference results. The MBS method using T-Cell Select kit achieves automated sample pre-processing for T-SPOT.TB assay, reduces hands-on time, and provides a viable alternative with reliable results for long-stored specimens.

Objective:To analyze the related factors of biochemical recurrence after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP).Methods:Clinical data of 312 patients with prostate cancer who received LRP in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) from September 2020 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Those patients were followed up for 1 year after surgery. According to whether biochemical recurrence occurred after surgery, the above patients were divided into biochemical recurrence group ( n=61) and non-biochemical recurrence group ( n=251). Compare the clinical data [including age, smoking history, drinking history, history of diabetes, postoperative Gleason score, body mass index (BMI), tumor stage, presence or absence of seminal vesicle invasion, and positive surgical margins] and laboratory indicators [including fasting blood glucose after admission, hemoglobin, prostate volume, prostate mass, and preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA)] levels between the two groups of patients. Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as Mean±SD, comparison between the two groups was performed by the independent samples t-test. Categorical data were expressed as case (%), comparison between groups was performed by the χ2 test, multivariate analysis was performed by Logistic regression model. Results:The difference in smoking history between groups was not statistically significant( P>0.05). The proportions of patients with age≥65 years old [85.25% (52/61) vs. 68.13% (171/251)], alcohol drinking history[73.77% (45/61) vs. 68.53% (172/251)], diabetes mellitus[50.82% (31/61) vs. 40.24% (101/251)], Gleason score >7 points[72.13% (44/61) vs. 30.68% (77/251)], BMI≥30 kg/m 2[32.79% (20/61) vs. 14.34% (36/251)], disease stage ≥T2a[67.21% (41/61) vs. 23.11% (58/251)], seminal vesicle invasion[32.79% (20/61) vs. 13.55% (34/251)], and postoperative positive incisal margin[24.59% (15/61) vs. 3.59% (9/251)] in the biochemical recurrence group were higher than those in the non-biochemical recurrence group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=393.22, 34.58, 74.28, 36.70, 725.49, 48.09, 171.37, 30.49, respectively, all P<0.001). The differences in fasting blood glucose [(6.81±0.89) mmol/L vs. (6.63±0.78) mmol/L], prostate volume[37.19±4.23) mL vs. (36.87±4.36) mL], prostate weight[(48.21±5.11) g vs. (47.82±5.13) g], and hemoglobin level[(134.08±15.62) g/L vs. (133.26±16.24) g/L] between both groups of patients were not statistically significant ( t=1.57,0.52,0.53,0.36, P=0.117,0.606,0.594,0.722, respectively). The preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was higher in the biochemical recurrence group than that in the non-biochemical recurrence group [(45.13±5.26) μg/L vs. (28.87±3.18) μg/L, t=30.99, P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis results indicated that postoperative Gleason score >7 points, preoperative PSA and seminal vesicle invasion were risk factors for postoperative biochemical recurrence in patients undergoing LRP ( OR=5.39, 95% CI:1.57-18.48, P=0.008; OR=4.32, 95% CI:1.32-14.10, P=0.016; OR=12.76, 95% CI:1.47-111.03, P=0.022). Conclusion:Patients with prostate cancer are prone to biochemical recurrence after LRP, which is affected by postoperative Gleason score, preoperative PSA level and seminal vesicle invasion. It is necessary to take targeted measures to prevent biochemical recurrence.

Aim To investigate the interventional effects of polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis(L.)Juss.(DCP)on acute liver failure(ALF)in-duced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)combined with D-galactosamine(D-GalN)in mice,and on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells,based on the TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.Meth-ods Mice were randomly divided into the control,model,silymarin,DCP low,medium,and high dose groups,and toxicity test groups.After 10 consecutive days of treatment,ALF models were established by in-jecting mice with LPS+D-GalN.Additionally,an in-flammatory response model was established by stimula-ting RAW264.7 cells with LPS.Results Biochemical assays showed that compared with the model group,the medium-and high-dose DCP groups exhibited de-creased serum ALT,AST,ALP,TBIL,and γ-GT activi-ties(P＜0.05),reduced levels of ROS,MPO and MDA in liver(P＜0.05),increased activities of SOD,GSH-Px,CAT,and elevated T-AOC levels(P＜0.05).ELISA revealed lower levels of ICAM-1,VCAM-1,IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-α in liver(P＜0.05).HE staining indicated reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and improved hepatocyte necrosis in liv-er after DCP administration.The use of DCP alone showed no significant organ toxicity.qRT-PCR and Western blot results indicated that DCP inhibited the expression of key factors in TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB sig-naling pathway(P＜0.05).Cell validation experi-ments also confirmed that this pathway was inhibited by DCP.Conclusion DCP alleviates ALF primarily by inhibiting oxidative stress and blocking the activation of the TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

To evaluate the clinical application value of magnetic bead sorting technology (MBS) using the T-cell select kit combined with an automatic cell sorter for isolating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to realize automated specimen pre-processing and process optimization in T-SPOT.TB assay. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 300 patients recruited from the first affiliated hospital of Air Force Medical University from March 2023 to July 2024. Among them, there were 167 males and 133 females. The age range of the patients was 18 to 65 years, with a median age of 49.0 (33.3, 59.0) years and a mean age of (46.4±13.9) years. 4 ml of anticoagulated whole blood samples in duplicate were collected from each patient. One fresh sample (0-4 h) was processed immediately using density gradient centrifugation (DGC) for PBMC isolation, while the other was processed using MBS method at either 0-4 h or 34-54 h post-collection. The cycles for cell enrichment step of the automatic cell sorter were adjusted from the conventional 4 cycles to 2 cycles. Statistical analysis was performed using Cohen′s Kappa test to evaluate the concordance of T-SPOT.TB results across all processing groups. The results showed that for fresh samples (0-4 h), the T-SPOT.TB results for samples processed with 4-cycle and 2-cycle MBS enrichment steps demonstrated positive concordance rates of 91.7% and 93.1%, negative concordance rates of 100% for both, overall concordance rates of 98.0% and 97.9%, and Kappa values of 0.94 and 0.95, respectively, compared with the reference results for paired samples processed using DGC. Correspondingly, the results for samples processed with the 4-cycle and 2-cycle MBS methods at 34-54 h post-collection yielded positive concordance rates of 90.0% and 81.3%, negative concordance rates of 95.1% and 100%, overall concordance rates of 93.0% and 82.9%, and Kappa values of 0.86 and 0.43, respectively, compared with the reference results for fresh samples processed using DGC. In conclusion,for 0-4 h samples, the T-SPOT.TB results from both 4-cycle and 2-cycle MBS enrichment protocols were highly consistent with the reference results from conventional DGC methods. However, for 34-54 h stored samples, results from the 4-cycle MBS method rather than the 2-cycle protocol exhibited significantly superior concordance with the reference results. The MBS method using T-Cell Select kit achieves automated sample pre-processing for T-SPOT.TB assay, reduces hands-on time, and provides a viable alternative with reliable results for long-stored specimens.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of bedside transesophageal echocardiography(TEE)-guided atrial septostomy in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)support.Methods Eight patients(2 females and 6 males)who developed pulmonary edema during VA-ECMO treatment between January 2020 and October 2024 were enrolled.All patients underwent bedside TEE-guided atrial septal puncture,followed by gradual balloon dilation using an Inoue balloon(diameter:18-24 mm).The endpoint for dilation was defined as mean left atrial pressure＜15 mmHg.Post-procedure evaluation included assessment of the septal defect size,mean left atrial pressure,and improvement in bilateral pulmonary edema.Results The mean age of all 8 patients was(43.50±16.84)years old.Atrial septostomy was successfully performed in all patients.The mean balloon dilation diameter was(22.75±2.68)mm,resulting in a mean septal defect size of(6.31±0.37)mm.The mean left atrial pressure significantly decreased from(26.63±1.77)mmHg pre-procedure to(12.75±1.28)mmHg post-procedure(P＜0.001).All patients demonstrated marked improvement in bilateral pulmonary edema,and six patients also showed a significant reduction in the severity of mitral regurgitation following the procedure.No procedure-related complications were observed.Conclusions Bedside TEE-guided atrial septostomy is safe and effective for reducing left heart loading during ECMO support and improving pulmonary edema.

Objective:To observe the characteristics of multi-muscle surface electromyography (sEMG) network indices during static standing among hemiplegic stroke survivors, and to evaluate the value of the indices in assessing neuromuscular dysfunction.Methods:Ten male stroke survivors with hemiplegia were recruited into the hemiplegia group, and 10 age-matched healthy males were chosen as the control group. Both groups were required to perform 30s static standing tasks with their eyes open and closed. The sEMG signals from the bilateral gluteus maximus (GM), rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles were synchronously collected. Linear time-frequency domain indices were then calculated from the sEMG signals, including the root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MF). Network indices were extracted from the multiplex recurrence network and weighted networks were constructed from the sEMG signals, including the average interlayer mutual information (I), average edge overlap (ω), clustering coefficient (C), average shortest path length (L) and degree of centrality (DC).Results:With the eyes closed, the RMS values of the bilateral GMs of the hemiplegia group, as well as the values for the RF and BF on the unaffected side were significantly higher than the control group′s values. In the hemiplegia group, the RMS values of the RF and BF muscles on the unaffected side were significantly higher than on the affected side during standing with the eyes closed. For the RF muscles the RMS values on the unaffected side were, on average, significantly higher than with the eyes open. The MF of the GM muscles on the unaffected side in the hemiplegia group was significantly lower than the average MF values of the bilateral GM muscles in the control group with the eyes open or closed. With the eyes closed, the MF of the unaffected-side GM was significantly lower than that of the affected-side GM in the hemiplegia group. Compared with the control group, the hemiplegia group showed a significant increase in I and ω values, but a significant decrease in L values with the eyes open or closed. The DC values of the bilateral GM, RF and BF muscles in the hemiplegia group were significantly higher than among the control group with the eyes open, which was also true of the bilateral GM and RF muscles with the eyes closed. With the BF muscles it was true only of the unaffected side. In the hemiplegia group, the DC values of the unaffected-side GM with the eyes open or closed, and of the unaffected-side BF with the eyes closed.Conclusions:When standing still, hemiplegic stroke survivors exhibit increased overall synchronous muscle adjustment with involvement of unaffected-side muscles, especially the GM. sEMG network indices such as I, ω, L and DC can assess multi-muscle synchronous adaptability and the involvement of single muscles. sEMG network algorithms thus have potential as a new method for localizing and quantitatively assessing neuromuscular dysfunction among such patients.

Objective:To compare the clinical outcomes of capsular closure versus those of non-closure in hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Methods:A systematic search was conducted in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Database for RCTs comparing capsular closure with non-closure in hip arthroscopy for FAI, covering the period from database inception to October 2024. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software to compare outcomes between patients undergoing hip arthroscopy with capsular closure versus those without capsular closure within 2 years postoperatively. The following parameters were evaluated: the modified Harris hip score (mHHS), 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12), hip outcome score-activities of daily living (HOS-ADL), hip outcome score-sport specific (HOS-SSS), Copenhagen hip and groin outcome score (HAGOS), visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, reoperation rate, complication rate, and rate of patient satisfaction.Results:A total of 5 RCTs involving 432 patients were included, with 215 cases in the capsular closure group and 217 cases in the non-closure group. The follow-up duration for the patients in the included studies ranged from 12 to 24 months. Meta-analysis revealed no significant differences between the capsular closure and non-closure groups in postoperative functional scores (mHHS, iHOT-12, HOS-SSS, HAGOS), VAS pain score, reoperation rate, complication rate, or rate of patient satisfaction ( P>0.05). The capsular closure group demonstrated significantly better HOS-ADL at 2 years postoperatively than the non-closure group (MD=-3.57, 95% CI: -5.86 to -1.28, P=0.002). Conclusion:In patients with FAI undergoing hip arthroscopy, compared to the non-closure, capsular closure leads to significant improvements in mid-term daily activities, but similar outcomes in short-term hip function, pain control, reoperation rate, and complication incidence.

Objective:To investigate the effects of oridonin on platelet function and related mechanisms.Methods:Washed platelets from healthy adults and mice were incubated with different concentrations of oridonin(2.5,5 and 10μmol/L)in vitro.The surface expression level of P-selectin and the activation of integrin αⅡbβ3 in platelets were detected by flow cytometry,and the aggregation ability of platelets under the stimulation by various agonists was detected by light transmission aggregometry.The expression of P-AKT(Ser473)was detected by protein immunoblotting.Arterial thrombosis model was established in mice with mesenteric injury induced by ferric chloride,and tail hemorrhage model was established by cutting off the tail of mice.The effect of intraperitoneal injection of oridonin(10 mg/kg)on thrombosis and haemostasis was tested.Results:Oridonin inhibited platelet P-selectin expression and integrin αⅡbβ3 activation.In the presence of different stimulants,oridonin inhibited platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner.The phosphorylation level of AKT Ser473 was reduced in the groups treated with different concentrations of oridonin.Oridonin significantly prolonged the time of mesenteric artery thrombosis in mice,but did not affect the tail bleeding time.Conclusion:Oridonin inhibits platelet activation,aggregation,and thrombosis by inhibiting AKT phosphorylation,and may be used as a potential antiplatelet drug.

Objective:To analyze the related factors of biochemical recurrence after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP).Methods:Clinical data of 312 patients with prostate cancer who received LRP in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) from September 2020 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Those patients were followed up for 1 year after surgery. According to whether biochemical recurrence occurred after surgery, the above patients were divided into biochemical recurrence group ( n=61) and non-biochemical recurrence group ( n=251). Compare the clinical data [including age, smoking history, drinking history, history of diabetes, postoperative Gleason score, body mass index (BMI), tumor stage, presence or absence of seminal vesicle invasion, and positive surgical margins] and laboratory indicators [including fasting blood glucose after admission, hemoglobin, prostate volume, prostate mass, and preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA)] levels between the two groups of patients. Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as Mean±SD, comparison between the two groups was performed by the independent samples t-test. Categorical data were expressed as case (%), comparison between groups was performed by the χ2 test, multivariate analysis was performed by Logistic regression model. Results:The difference in smoking history between groups was not statistically significant( P>0.05). The proportions of patients with age≥65 years old [85.25% (52/61) vs. 68.13% (171/251)], alcohol drinking history[73.77% (45/61) vs. 68.53% (172/251)], diabetes mellitus[50.82% (31/61) vs. 40.24% (101/251)], Gleason score >7 points[72.13% (44/61) vs. 30.68% (77/251)], BMI≥30 kg/m 2[32.79% (20/61) vs. 14.34% (36/251)], disease stage ≥T2a[67.21% (41/61) vs. 23.11% (58/251)], seminal vesicle invasion[32.79% (20/61) vs. 13.55% (34/251)], and postoperative positive incisal margin[24.59% (15/61) vs. 3.59% (9/251)] in the biochemical recurrence group were higher than those in the non-biochemical recurrence group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=393.22, 34.58, 74.28, 36.70, 725.49, 48.09, 171.37, 30.49, respectively, all P<0.001). The differences in fasting blood glucose [(6.81±0.89) mmol/L vs. (6.63±0.78) mmol/L], prostate volume[37.19±4.23) mL vs. (36.87±4.36) mL], prostate weight[(48.21±5.11) g vs. (47.82±5.13) g], and hemoglobin level[(134.08±15.62) g/L vs. (133.26±16.24) g/L] between both groups of patients were not statistically significant ( t=1.57,0.52,0.53,0.36, P=0.117,0.606,0.594,0.722, respectively). The preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was higher in the biochemical recurrence group than that in the non-biochemical recurrence group [(45.13±5.26) μg/L vs. (28.87±3.18) μg/L, t=30.99, P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis results indicated that postoperative Gleason score >7 points, preoperative PSA and seminal vesicle invasion were risk factors for postoperative biochemical recurrence in patients undergoing LRP ( OR=5.39, 95% CI:1.57-18.48, P=0.008; OR=4.32, 95% CI:1.32-14.10, P=0.016; OR=12.76, 95% CI:1.47-111.03, P=0.022). Conclusion:Patients with prostate cancer are prone to biochemical recurrence after LRP, which is affected by postoperative Gleason score, preoperative PSA level and seminal vesicle invasion. It is necessary to take targeted measures to prevent biochemical recurrence.