ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and mechanism of Euphorbia humifusa on acute kidney injury （AKI） based on network pharmacology， molecular docking and experimental verification. MethodsThe active components and targets of E. humifusa were retrieved from TCMSP and SwissTargetPrediction database， and the AKI targets were screened by GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man（OMIM） databases. The drug targets and disease targets were intersected to construct a protein-protein interaction network， and the intersection targets were subjected to gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis. Discover Studio software was used to verify the molecular docking of key components and core targets. Gentamicin （GM） was used to induce AKI rat model. Control group， model group， verapamil （16 mg·kg^-1） group， E. humifusa extract （18， 54， 162 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） group and E. humifusa 70% ethanol extract （423 mg·kg^-1） group were continuously administered for 14 days. Urine volume was detected 24 h after modeling and administration. Serum creatinine （SCr）， Blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， 24-hour urine protein （24 hUTP） and uric acid （UA） content； the contents of malondialdehyde （MDA）， glutathione （GSH）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， carbon monoxide synthase （NOS） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） in kidney were measured. The levels of interleukin （IL）-6 and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） kit. The pathological changes of renal tissue were detected by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Masson staining. Western blot was used to detect the expression of PI3K/protein kinase B（Akt）/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins. ResultsIn this study， 13 active components such as kaempferol， luteolin， apigenin， gallic acid and quercetin were screened and identified from E. humifusa. Through bioinformatics analysis， these components and AKI have a total of 289 targets， of which 62 are core targets， including Akt1， TNF， tumor protein p53（TP53） and IL-1β. These targets are mainly involved in the regulation of biological processes such as NF-κB signaling pathway， HIF-1 signaling pathway， TNF signaling pathway， PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） signaling pathway. In animal experiments， we successfully constructed a GM-induced AKI model in rats. Compared with the model group， E. humifusa extract could significantly reduce the levels of 24 hUTP， BUN and SCr in rats （P<0.01）， indicating its improvement effect on renal function. In addition， the extract of E. humifusa also significantly reduced LDH activity and MDA content in rat kidney tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and significantly increased SOD， NOS activity and GSH content （P<0.05）， indicating that the extract of E. humifusa has the potential of anti-oxidation and protection of renal function. Further analysis of inflammatory factors showed that the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum of rats treated with E. humifusa extract were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， indicating that E. humifusa extract had anti-inflammatory effects. In addition， the extract of E. humifusa can also regulate the protein expression of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway， which further confirmed its mechanism of reducing GM-induced AKI. ConclusionThe extract of E. humifusa has a significant therapeutic effect on acute kidney injury through its multi-component and multi-target mechanism. Its effect is reflected in improving renal function， anti-oxidation， anti-inflammation and regulating immune response. These findings provide a scientific basis for the application of E. humifusa in the treatment of acute kidney injury， and point out the direction for future drug development and clinical research.

Objective To explore the effect of sex on the incidence of immune-related cutaneous adverse event (ircAE) during immunotherapy for gastric cancer, and to further analyze the correlation between sex, ircAE and prognosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with advanced gastric cancer who received immune checkpoint inhibitors at the Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, from February 1, 2022, to December 31, 2024. Clinicopathological characteristics, occurrence of ircAE, and survival data were collected. The incidence of ircAE was compared between male and female patients. Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves, and univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to assess prognostic factors. Results A total of 116 patients with advanced gastric cancer were enrolled, including 76 males (65.5%) and 40 females (34.5%). The overall incidence of ircAE was 23.28%, with a higher incidence in male patients than in female patients (28.95% vs 12.50%, P＝0.046). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis on 86 patients with complete follow-up data indicated that patients with ircAE had longer overall survival (OS) than those without ircAE (P＝0.045). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that male (HR＝0.43, 95%CI 0.22–0.83, P＝0.012) was associated with prolonged OS. Conclusions In gastric cancer immunotherapy, male patients are more likely to develop ircAE and have longer OS than female patients, and the occurrence of ircAE may be related to prolonged OS.

Objective The study aimed to elucidate the population composition and seasonal distribution characteristics of mosquitoes in Laoshan District, Qingdao City, providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases. Methods Mosquito surveillance was conducted in Laoshan District in Qingdao City using light traps from April to November 2020-2022. Dominant mosquito species were identified using the Berger-Parker dominance index(I)and mosquito density was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. The seasonal distribution characteristics of adult mosquitoes were analyzed using concentration and circular distribution method. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between mosquito populations and meteorological factors with mean monthly temperature, mean monthly relative humidity, and mean monthly rainfall. Results The mean mosquito density for the trapping period was 9.771 females/(trap·night)in 2020,9.771 in 2021, and 9.427 in 2022. There was no statistically significant difference in mosquito density between different years(H = 0.095, P = 0.954). In total, 2 781 adult female mosquitoes comprising five species from four genera were captured over three years. Culex pipiens(I = 0.654), Aedes albopictus(I = 0.202), and Aedes aegypti(I = 0.118)were identified as dominant species. Seasonal fluctuations in the adult mosquitoes were unimodal, and primarily concentrated from June to September. The peak period of adult mosquito varied between years with statistical significance. (F = 3.838, P ＜ 0.05). Mosquito density was highly correlated with mean monthly temperature, mean monthly relative humidity and mean monthly precipitation(P＜ 0.05). Conclusions Cx. pipiens pallens, Ae. albopictus, and Ar. inamoratus are the dominant mosquito species in the Laoshan District of Qingdao City. The activity of adult mosquitoes is seasonal, and primarily concentrated in summer and autumn, during which the risk of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue fever is increased.

Eightly-four novel thioheterocyclic nucleoside derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Most of the compounds inhibited the growth of HCT116 and HeLa cancer cells in vitro, among them 33a and 36b exhibited potent activity against HCT116 cells (IC₅₀ = 0.27 and 0.49 μmol/L, respectively). Both compounds 33a and 36b inhibited cell metastasis, arrested the cell cycle in the G₂/M phase, and induced apoptosis in vitro. Mechanistic studies revealed that 33a and 36b increased ROS levels, led to DNA damage, ER stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibited autophagy in HCT116 cells. Biological information analysis, RNA-sequencing, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and SPR experiments identified that compounds 33a and 36b showed antitumor activity by suppressing the c-MYC pathway. c-MYC silencing assays indicated that c-MYC proteins participated in 33a-mediated anticancer activities in HCT116 cells. More importantly, compound 33a presented favorable pharmacokinetic properties in mice (T _1/2 = 6.8 h) and showed significant antitumor efficacy in vivo without obvious toxicity, showing promising potential for further clinical development.

Loss-of-function variants in CSDE1 have been strongly linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, yet the precise role of CSDE1 in neurogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that knockout of Csde1 during cortical development in mice results in impaired neural progenitor proliferation, leading to abnormal cortical lamination and embryonic lethality. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Csde1 upregulates the transcription of genes involved in the cell cycle network. Applying a dual thymidine-labelling approach, we further revealed prolonged cell cycle durations of neuronal progenitors in Csde1-knockout mice, with a notable extension of the G1 phase. Intersection with CLIP-seq data demonstrated that Csde1 binds to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA transcripts encoding cell cycle genes. Particularly, we uncovered that Csde1 directly binds to the 3' UTR of mRNA transcripts encoding Cdk6, a pivotal gene in regulating the transition from the G1 to S phases of the cell cycle, thereby maintaining its stability. Collectively, this study elucidates Csde1 as a novel regulator of Cdk6, sheds new light on its critical roles in orchestrating brain development, and underscores how mutations in Csde1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Animals ; Neurogenesis/genetics* ; Cell Cycle/genetics* ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice ; Neural Stem Cells/metabolism* ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism* ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/genetics* ; Cell Proliferation ; 3' Untranslated Regions ; Cerebral Cortex/embryology* ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

The evolution of acupuncture anesthesia (AA) has spanned six decades. Cardiothoracic surgery serves as a representative case study to illustrate this evolution. Reflecting on its historical development, the use of AA in cardiothoracic surgery has advanced from basic AA procedures in the 1960s to combined acupuncture and drug anesthesia techniques in the early 1980s. Since 2005, the innovative use of non-intubation AA combined anesthesia has been implemented extensively in cardiothoracic surgery. As the medical industry continues to evolve, the techniques applied in AA have expanded to encompass the entire perioperative period in cardiothoracic surgery, leading to the introduction of the concept of modern AA. The use of AA in cardiothoracic surgery exemplifies the ongoing advances and integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Moving forward, it is imperative to enhance the theoretical framework of AA through the execution of rigorous multicenter clinical trials, to further strengthen the body of evidence supporting evidence-based medicine, and to finally explore the underlying mechanisms of AA. Please cite this article as: Wu XD, Wei XQ, Chen TY, Zhou WX, Wang K, Zhou J. From pioneering to innovation: A comprehensive review of acupuncture anesthesia in cardiothoracic surgeries. J Integr Med. 2025; 23(6):623-629.
Humans ; Acupuncture Analgesia/methods* ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Anesthesia/methods* ; Thoracic Surgical Procedures

To investigate the association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) andestimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with diabetes using large-scale data.

ObjectiveIn the realm of forensic science, dust is a valuable type of trace evidence with immense potential for intricate investigations. With the development of DNA sequencing technologies, there is a heightened interest among researchers in unraveling the complex tapestry of microbial communities found within dust samples. Furthermore, striking disparities in the microbial community composition have been noted among dust samples from diverse geographical regions, heralding new possibilities for geographical inference based on microbial DNA analysis. The pivotal role of microbial community data from dust in geographical inference is significant, underscoring its critical importance within the field of forensic science. This study aims to delve deeply into the nuances of fungal community composition across the urban landscapes of Beijing, Fuzhou, Kunming, and Urumqi in China. It evaluates the accuracy of biogeographic inference facilitated by the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) fungal sequencing while concurrently laying a robust foundation for the operational integration of environmental DNA into geographical inference mechanisms. MethodsITS2 region of the fungal genomes was amplified using universal primers known as 5.8S-Fun/ITS4-Fun, and the resulting DNA fragments were sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq FGx platform. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS) was employed to visually represent the differences between samples, while analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) were utilized to statistically evaluate the dissimilarities in community composition across samples. Furthermore, using Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis to identify and filter out species that exhibit significant differences between various cities. In addition, we leveraged SourceTracker to predict the geographic origins of the dust samples. ResultsAmong the four cities of Beijing, Fuzhou, Kunming and Urumqi, Beijing has the highest species richness. The results of species annotation showed that there were significant differences in the species composition and relative abundance of fungal communities in the four cities. NMDS analysis revealed distinct clustering patterns of samples based on their biogeographic origins in multidimensional space. Samples from the same city exhibited clear clustering, while samples from different cities showed separation along the first axis. The results from ANOSIM and PERMANOVA confirmed the significant differences in fungal community composition between the four cities, with the most pronounced distinctions observed between Fuzhou and Urumqi. Notably, the biogeographic origins of all known dust samples were successfully predicted. ConclusionSignificant differences are observed in the fungal species composition and relative abundance among the cities of Beijing, Fuzhou, Kunming, and Urumqi. Employing fungal ITS2 sequencing on dust samples from these urban areas enables accurate inference of biogeographical locations. The high feasibility of utilizing fungal community data in dust for biogeographical inferences holds particular promise in the field of forensic science.