Biomolecular condensates are formed through phase separation of biomacromolecules such as proteins and RNAs. These condensates exhibit liquid-like properties that can futher transition into more stable material states. They form complex internal structures via multivalent weak interactions, enabling precise spatiotemporal regulations. However, the use of inconsistent and non-standardized terminology has become increasingly problematic, hindering academic exchange and the dissemination of scientific knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the terminology related to biomolecular condensates in order to clarify concepts, promote interdisciplinary cooperation, enhance research efficiency, and support the healthy development of this field.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the epidemiological characteristics of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) among the elderly in the community, and its correlation with bone mass loss. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on elderly community population over 50 year old from 12 community health service centers in Zhejiang province. Their gender, age, body mass index (BMI), T value and KOA diagnosis were collected using face to face questionnaire survey. Univariate regression was used to analyze the influence of age, gender, BMI and bone loss on KOA. Logistic multivariate regression model was used to analyze the independent effect of bone mass loss on KOA. RESULTS: Among 4 173 subjects in this study, 1 710 of them were had a KOA. The prevalence rate was 40.9%. The mean age, the proportion of females and the mean BMI in KOA patients were (65.5±3.8) years old, 67.7%(1 158/1 710) and(24.59±1.28) kg·m^-2, respectively, which were significantly higher than (58.5±3.2) years old, 51.3%(1 263/2 463), and (23.48±1.25) kg·m^-2 in non-KOA subjects (P<0.001). In the population aged from 60 to 69 years old, the influence of osteopenia and osteoporosis on the prevalence of KOA was[OR=1.21, 95%CI(1.00, 1.46), P=0.053 2], [OR=1.42, 95%CI(1.14, 1.78), P=0.002 2]. The influence of male and female osteoporosis on the prevalence of KOA was [OR=1.52, 95%CI(1.16, 1.99), P=0.002 7] and [OR=1.87, 95%CI(1.51, 2.32), P<0.000 1], respectively. In the population of 24 kg·m^-2≤BMI<28 kg·m^-2, the influence of osteopenia and osteoporosis on the prevalence of KOA was [OR=1.47, 95%CI(1.21, 1.80), P=0.000 1], [OR=2.69, 95%CI(2.11, 3.42), P<0.000 1], respectively. After controlling the confounding factors of age, gender and BMI, compared with people with normal bone mass, the effect of osteopenia on the prevalence of KOA was [OR=1.34, 95%CI(1.08, 1.67), P=0.009 2], and the effect of osteoporosis on the prevalence of KOA was [OR=1.38, 95%CI(1.06, 1.79), P=0.017 9]. CONCLUSION Elderly overweight women are more likely to develop KOA. Bone mass loss is an independent risk factor for KOA, which will significantly increase the prevalence of KOA in people overweight or aged 60 to 69 years old.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/etiology* ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Bone Density ; Aged, 80 and over ; Incidence ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Osteoporosis/epidemiology*

PURPOSE: Bone cement-reinforced fenestrated pedicle screws (FPSs) have been widely used in the internal fixation and repair of the spine with osteoporosis in recent years and show significant improvement in fixation strength and stability. However, compared with conventional reinforcement methods, the advantages of bone cement-reinforced FPSs remain undetermined. This article compares the effects of fenestrated and conventional pedicle screws (CPSs) combined with bone cement in the treatment of osteoporosis. METHODS: A clinical control study of FPSs and CPSs combined with bone cement reinforcement in osteoporotic vertebral internal fixation was performed using the database PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, the Wanfang, and the China Biomedical Literature Service System. Two evaluators screened the relevant literature in strict accordance with the inclusion criteria (diagnosis of participants, type of clinical study, treatment with FPS and CPS, and outcome indicators) and exclusion criteria (duplicate literature and missing or incorrect data) and independently conducted data extraction and quality evaluation. Clinical control studies of direct comparison between FPS and CPS combined with bone cement reinforcement in patients who were definitively diagnosed with thoracolumbar fractures or spinal degenerative diseases were included. Quality evaluation was conducted using the Cochrane risk bias evaluation tool for randomized controlled studies and using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for retrospective case-control studies. RevMan software (version 5.3) was used for the meta-analysis to compare the clinical efficacy, radiological results, and related complications of the 2 methods. RESULTS: A total of 13 articles were included, including 7 randomized controlled studies and 6 retrospective case-control studies. There were 909 patients in these studies, 451 in the FPS and polymethyl methacrylate (FPS & PMMA) group and 458 in the CPS and polymethyl methacrylate (CPS & PMMA) group. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in operation time, hospital stay, visual analogue score, Japanese orthopaedic association score, Oswestry disability index score, Cobb angle, vertebral body deformation index and fusion rate (p > 0.05). The mean difference of intraoperative bleeding volume was -10.45, (95% confidence intervals (CI) (-16.92, -3.98), p = 0.002), the mean difference of loss height of the anterior edge of the vertebral body after surgery was -0.69 (95% CI (-0.93, -0.44), p < 0.001), and the relative risk (RR) of overall complication rate was 0.43 (95% CI (0.27, 0.68), p < 0.001), including the RR of bone cement leakage rate was 0.57 (95% CI (0.39, 0.85), p = 0.005). The screw loosening rate (RR = 0.26, 95% CI (0.13, 0.54), p < 0.001) of the FPS group was significantly lower than that of the CPS group. CONCLUSION The existing clinical evidence shows that compared with the CPS combined with bone cement, the use of FPS repair in the internal fixation of an osteoporotic vertebral body can reduce the amount of intraoperative bleeding, be more conducive to maintaining the height of the vertebral body, and significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative complications such as bone cement leakage and screw loosening.
Humans ; Pedicle Screws ; Bone Cements ; Spinal Fractures/surgery* ; Osteoporotic Fractures/surgery* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation*

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of thiotepa (TT)-containing conditioning regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). METHODS: Clinical data of 22 children with IEI who underwent HSCT were retrospectively reviewed. Survival after HSCT was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Nine patients received a traditional conditioning regimen (fludarabine + busulfan + cyclophosphamide/etoposide) and underwent peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Thirteen patients received a TT-containing modified conditioning regimen (TT + fludarabine + busulfan + cyclophosphamide), including seven PBSCT and six umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) cases. Successful engraftment with complete donor chimerism was achieved in all patients. Acute graft-versus-host disease occurred in 12 patients (one with grade III and the remaining with grade I-II). Chronic graft-versus-host disease occurred in one patient. The incidence of EB viremia in UCBT patients was lower than that in PBSCT patients (P<0.05). Over a median follow-up of 36.0 months, one death occurred. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 100% for the modified regimen and 88.9% ± 10.5% for the traditional regimen (P=0.229). When comparing transplantation types, the 3-year OS rates were 100% for UCBT and 93.8% ± 6.1% for PBSCT (P>0.05), and the 3-year event-free survival rates were 100% and 87.1% ± 8.6%, respectively (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS TT-containing conditioning for allogeneic HSCT in children with IEI is safe and effective. Both UCBT and PBSCT may achieve high success rates.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation Conditioning/methods* ; Thiotepa/therapeutic use* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects* ; Male ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Child ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Adolescent

OBJECTIVE: The relationship between fish consumption and stroke is inconsistent, and it is uncertain whether this association varies across predicted stroke risks. METHODS: A cohort study comprising 95,800 participants from the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China project was conducted. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data on fish consumption. Participants were stratified into low- and moderate-to-high-risk categories based on their 10-year stroke risk prediction scores. Hazard ratios ( HRs) and 95% confidence intervals ( CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models and additive interaction by relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (SI). RESULTS: During 703,869 person-years of follow-up, 2,773 incident stroke events were identified. Higher fish consumption was associated with a lower risk of stroke, particularly among moderate-to-high-risk individuals ( HR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.47-0.60) than among low-risk individuals ( HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.49-0.85). A significant additive interaction between fish consumption and predicted stroke risk was observed (RERI = 4.08, 95% CI: 2.80-5.36; SI = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.42-1.89; AP = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.28-0.43). CONCLUSION Higher fish consumption was associated with a lower risk of stroke, and this beneficial association was more pronounced in individuals with moderate-to-high stroke risk.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Stroke/etiology* ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Incidence ; Aged ; Animals ; Fishes ; Risk Factors ; Diet ; Seafood ; Adult ; Cohort Studies

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of ustekinumab(UST)in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease(CD),and to identify factors influencing clinical outcomes.Methods Data were retrospectively collected from patients with moderate-to-severe CD treated with UST in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University and Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between November 2020 and May 2023.Patients were categorized into first-line(not treated with biologic agents,n=68)and second-line(treated with biologic agents,n=66)treatment groups based on prior use of biologic agents.Baseline characteristics,including age,sex,smoking status,disease duration,age at diagnosis,lesion site,disease behavior,perianal disease,history of intestinal surgery,and CD-related drug use,were compared between the two groups.Crohn's disease activity indices(CDAI)were recorded at baseline,week 14,and week 52 to assess the clinical efficacy at weeks 14 and 52.Endoscopic evaluations were performed at baseline and week 52 to evaluate endoscopic efficacy at week 52.The 52-week drug persistence rate and safety profile were also analyzed.Influencing factors related to clinical outcomes were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results A total of 134 patients with moderate-to-severe CD treated with UST were included.At week 14,clinical response and remission rates were 75.4%(101/134)and 33.6%(45/134),respectively,with no significant difference in clinical efficacy between first-line and second-line groups(clinical response rate:77.9%vs.72.7%,P=0.484;clinical remission rate:38.2%vs.28.8%,P=0.247).At week 52,clinical response and remission rates were 79.9%(107/134)and 56.0%(75/134),respectively.The rates of endoscopic response and remission were 70.9%(95/134)and 38.8%(52/134),respectively.There were no significant differences in clinical efficacy(clinical response rate:80.9%vs.78.8%,P=0.763;clinical remission rate:60.3%vs.51.5%,P=0.306)and endoscopic efficacy(endoscopic response rate:76.5%vs.65.2%,P=0.149;endoscopic remission rate:42.6%vs.34.8%,P=0.354)between the two groups.The 52-week drug persistence rate was 85.8%(115/134),and the adverse reaction rate was 4.5%(6/134).Compared with first-line treatment group,biologic-experienced patients had a significantly higher proportion of dose-optimized therapy in second-line treatment group(45.5%vs.22.1%,P=0.004).Multivariate logistic regression showed that the 14-week clinical response was a significant predictor of 52-week clinical remission,while perianal disease and intestinal surgery history were significant factors associated with treatment failure(P<0.05).Conclusions UST demonstrates significant efficacy in improving clinical and endoscopic outcomes for moderate-to-severe CD patients,with a favorable safety profile.Clinical response at 14 weeks is strongly predictive of clinical remission at 52 weeks.Patients with perianal disease or a history of intestinal surgery were at higher risk of treatment failure.

Objective:To explore and analyze the incidence rate,influencing factors and impact on prognosis of pulmonary hypertension(PH)in patients with Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms(Ph-MPNs).Methods:The clinical data of 271 patients with Ph-MPNs were retrospectively analyzed,and different disease subtypes were classified.Patients with different disease types were further divided into PH+and PH-groups according to whether HP occurred.Statistical methods were used to analyze the incidence rate,risk factors,and impact on prognosis of PH in Ph-MPNs patients.Results:The overall incidence rate of PH among 271 patients was 26.9％,and according to the classification of disease subtypes,it was found that the incidence rate of PH in patients with primary myelofibrosis(PMF)was significantly higher than those of patients with polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia(both P＜0.05).Multivariate regression analysis showed that advanced age,long disease course,JAK2 positive and increased hematocrit,lactate dehydrogenase,monocyte count,and uric acid level were independent risk factors for PH in Ph-MPNs patients(OR＞1,P＜0.05),and there were some differences in the independent risk factors between different disease subtypes.Survival analysis results showed that the overall survival(OS)rate of PH+patients was significantly lower than that of PH-patients in other types except for PMF(all P＜0.05).Conclusion:The incidence rate of PH in Ph-MPNs patients is high,and its risk factors are diverse.The OS rate of Ph-MPNs patients with PH is low.Therefore,we should be highly alert to the occurrence of PH in Ph-MPNs patients clinically.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of endogenous ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)against cisplatin-induced myelosuppression and the mechanism of reducing apoptosis in bone marrow nucleated cells using mfat-1 transgenic mice.Methods:The experimental animals were divided into 4 groups:wild-type mice normal control group,mfat-1 transgenic mice normal control group,wild-type mice model group and mfat-1 transgenic mice model group.The mice in the model group were injected intraperitoneally with 7.5 mg/kg cisplatin on day 0 and day 7 to construct a myelosuppression model,while the mice in the normal control group were injected intraperitoneally with an equal amount of saline,and their status was observed and their body weight was measured daily.Peripheral blood was taken after 14 day for routine blood analysis,and the content and proportion of PUFA in peripheral blood were detected using gas chromatography.Bone marrow nucleated cells in the femur of mice were counted.The histopathological changes in bone marrow were observed by histopathological staining.The apoptosis of nucleated cells and the expression level changes of apoptosis-related genes in the bone marrow of mice were detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results:Compared with wild-type mice,mfat-1 transgenic mice showed significantly increased levels of ω-3 PUFA in peripheral blood and greater tolerance to cisplatin.Peripheral blood analysis showed that endogenous ω-3 PUFA promoted the recovery of leukocytes,erythrocytes,platelets and haemoglobin in peripheral blood of myelosuppressed mice.The results of HE staining showed that endogenous ω-3 PUFA significantly improved the structural damage of bone marrow tissue induced by cisplatin.Flow cytometry and PCR showed that,compared with wild-type mice model group,the apoptosis rate of bone marrow nucleated cells in mfat-1 transgenic mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.001),and the expression of anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2 mRNA was significantly increased(P＜0.01),while the expressions of pro-apoptotic genes Bax and Bak mRNA were significantly reduced(P＜0.001,P＜0.05).Conclusion:Endogenous ω-3 PUFA can reduce cisplatin-induced apoptosis in bone marrow nucleated cells,increase the number of peripheral blood cells and exert a protective effect against cisplatin-induced myelosuppression by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes.

Aim To investigate the effects of multi-gly-cosides of Tripterygium wilfordii(GTW)on mitochon-drial dynamics-related proteins and the mechanism of nephroprotective effects in IgA nephrophathy(IgAN)rats.Methods SPF grade male SD rats were random-ly divided into the Control group,modelling group,prednisone group(6.25 mg·kg·d-1)and GTW group(6.25 mg·kg·d-1).The IgAN rat model was established by the method of"bovine serum albumin(BSA)+carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)+lipopolysac-charide(LPS)".The total amount of urinary protein(24 h-UTP)and erythrocyte count in urine were meas-ured in 24 h urine.Blood biochemistry of serum albu-min(ALB),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),urea ni-trogen(BUN),and creatinine(Scr)were measured in abdominal aorta of the rats;immunofluorescence and HE staining were used to observe the histopathology of the kidneys;RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of key proteins regulating mitochondrial division and fu-sion:dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1),mitochondrial fusion protein 1(Mfn1),and mitochondrial fusion pro-tein 2(Mfn2),and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(Pink1),in the kidney tissue of rats.Results GTW significantly reduced urinary erythrocyte count and 24 h-UTP,decreased serum ALT,BUN and Scr levels,in-creased serum ALB levels,improved renal histopatho-logical status in IgAN rats,increased the protein and mRNA expression levels of Mfn1,Mfn2,and Pink1,and decreased the protein and mRNA expression levels of Drp1 in renal tissues.Conclusions GTW may regu-late mitochondrial structure and maintain the dynamic balance of mitochondrial dynamics by promoting the ex-pression of Mfn1,Mfn2,Pink1 and decreasing Drp1.This may result in a reduction in urinary erythrocyte counts and proteinuria,and an improvement in renal function.