Objective: To evaluate the intervention efficacy of integrated group social skills training on social ability in school age patients with high functioning ASD, so as to provide a reference for improving social skills in children with high functioning ASD. Methods: From January 2021 to December 2023, 62 children aged 7-12 with high functioning ASD who visited the Children s Psychiatry Outpatient Department of the Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University were recruited, and were randomly divided into a training ( n =31) and a control group ( n =31) by a random number table method. The training group received a 20 week structured group social training program (mental interpretation courses and social courses), while the control group received only conventional treatment. Chinese version of Griffith Empathy Measure Parent Ratings (GEM-PR) and Social Response Scale (SRS) were used to assess the symptoms of social deficits before and after treatment. Emotional face recognition tasks and eye movement trajectories were used to test the characteristics of social visual attention in children with ASD. Group comparison was conducted using t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: At baseline, there were no significant differences in GEM-PR score ( t = -1.20 to -0.81), SRS score ( t =-0.36-1.75), emotional face recognition accuracy and reaction time ( t =-0.58-1.85), and eye movement trajectory ( U/t =-1.63-0.29) between the two group ( P >0.05). After intervention, the total GEM-PR score and empathic cognitive factor score of training group [18.00(10.00，24.00)，9.00(8.00，13.00)] were significantly higher than those of the control group [12.00(-1.00，18.00)，2.00(-2.00，7.00)], and the total SRS score and social cognition, social perception, social communication, social motivation (73.23±14.20, 16.16±2.72, 6.58±2.50, 24.29±5.61, 9.52±3.73) were significantly lower than those of the control group (95.26±15.29, 19.90±2.84, 12.58±2.49,31.94±6.38, 13.74±4.81) ( U/t =-2.38, -4.59; -5.88, -5.29, -9.47, -5.01, -3.87, P <0.05). The overall correct rate of emotional face recognition and the correct rate of angry, fearful and neutral faces recognition in the training group [(81.55±6.62)%，(76.86±12.06)%，(79.61±12.42)%，(94.27±6.26)%] were significantly higher than the control group [(70.55±13.82)%，(62.82±18.77)%，(67.18±18.85)%，(79.60±20.05)%], and the average reaction time [(2 226.70±274.43)ms] was lower than the control group [(2 417.27±324.10)ms] (t=4.00, 3.50, 3.07, 3.89, -2.42, P<0.05). The time to first eye gaze [764.74 (748.64, 793.73) ms] in the training group was significantly lower than that in the control group [810.92 (782.86, 877.42) ms], and the proportion of moderatetohigh intensity attention area in the face [(37.37±1.27)%] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(30.34±1.23)%] (U/t=3.44, 8.89, P<0.05). Conclusion Integrated group social training can significantly improve the social communication and empathy ability of high functioning ASD children, increase active attention and recognition ability of faces, and improve mental development of children with ASD.

Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) shows a different epidemiological trend compared to later-onset colorectal cancer, with its incidence rising in most regions and countries worldwide. However, the reasons behind this trend remain unclear. The etiology of EOCRC is complex and could involve both genetic and environmental factors. Apart from Lynch syndrome and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, sporadic EOCRC exhibits a broad spectrum of pathogenic germline mutations, genetic polymorphisms, methylation changes, and chromosomal instability. Early-life exposures and environmental risk factors, including lifestyle and dietary risk factors, have been found to be associated with EOCRC risk. Meanwhile, specific chronic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, have been associated with EOCRC. Interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors in EOCRC have also been explored. Here we present findings from a narrative review of epidemiological studies on the assessment of early-life exposures, of EOCRC-specific environmental factors, and their interactions with susceptible loci. We also present results from EOCRC-specific genome-wide association studies that could be used to perform Mendelian randomization analyses to ascertain potential causal links between environmental factors and EOCRC.
Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/etiology* ; Risk Factors ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics*

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a commonly seen digestive system disease with unclear pathogenesis. The condition is complex and variable， often chronic， and has a long treatment period with no specific cure. Currently， the treatment of UC often involves the use of corticosteroids， aminosalicylates， and biologics in western medicine， which provide fast-acting and definite efficacy in the short term. However， with prolonged medication， some patients may develop drug resistance and worsening of the disease， leading to the occurrence of colon cancer. Research has found that oxidative stress is one of the important pathogenic factors in UC and influences its onset and development. Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance between oxidative products and the antioxidant system in the body， characterized by overexpression of oxidative products such as malondialdehyde （MDA）， reactive oxygen species （ROS）， nitric oxide （NO）， or deficiency of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT）， and glutathione （GSH）. It is worth noting that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， as a unique characteristic medicine of China， has achieved significant efficacy in the treatment of UC. Studies have shown that TCM effectively inhibits the occurrence of UC by suppressing the accumulation of metabolites and antagonizes the development of UC by enhancing the antioxidant system. Therefore， using TCM to regulate the oxidative balance as a diagnostic and therapeutic approach may be a new method and direction for the treatment of UC in the future. Based on the above research， this article summarized the mechanisms of key pathogenic proteins in oxidative stress and the occurrence and development of UC， and compiled the effective ingredients of Chinese medicine， single drugs， prescriptions， and acupuncture and moxibustion in regulating upstream and downstream target proteins of oxidative stress. These interventions can reduce pathological damage to the intestinal mucosa， lower the colon injury index， enrich the intestinal microbiota， increase colon length， and improve clinical symptoms of UC. The article is expected to expand the application of TCM in the treatment of UC and provide a reliable scientific theoretical basis.

Protein arginine methyltransferases, which proceed the post-translational modification of both histones and non-histones, play an important role in many biological pathways. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a major enzyme responsible for symmetric di-methylation of arginine residues and has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for tumors.In the past decade,the discovery and development of PRMT5 inhibitors have become one of the most important research fields.This article introduces the structure and biochemical function of PRMT5 and its correlation with cancer reviews, the binding modes and biological data of PRMT5 inhibitors under development, and discusses the clinical application potential of PRMT5 inhibitors in the treatment of cancer.

Objective: To observe the effect of quercetin on myelin regeneration in desyelinating mice induced by cuprizone (CPZ). Methods: A total of 50 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, low, medium and high dose quercetin groups, 10 mice in each group. In addition to the normal control group, mice demyelinating model was induced by feeding with 0.2% CPZ rodent feed. Quercetin solution was administered to the low, medium and high dose quercetin groups at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, and to the normal control group and the model group at 1 time/d. After 5 weeks of continuous gavage, the weight of mice was recorded every week, and the experiment of rotating bar was carried out. After 5 weeks, the changes of the myelin sheath in the corpus callosum of mice were observed by luxol fast blue (LFB) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Immunofluorescence method was used to determine the protein expressions of myelin basic protein (MBP) and oligodendrocyte transcription 2actor (Olig2) in mouse brain tissue. The expression of MBP and cyclic nucleotide-3'phosphate hydrolase (CNPase) in mouse corpus callosum was determined by Western blot. Results: After 2-5 weeks, compared with the model group, the body mass of the medium and high dose quercetin groups significantly increased (P<0.01), and the score of turning rod significantly increased (P<0.01). The LFB observation showed that the demyelination score of corpus callosum in low, medium and high dose quercetin groups (2.23 ± 0.25, 1.50 ± 0.15, 1.14 ± 0.97 vs. 2.83 ± 0.18) significantly decreased (P<0.01). TEM observation showed that the G-ratio value in low, medium and high dose quercetin groups (0.75 ± 0.05, 0.75 ± 0.08, 0.73 ± 0.08 vs. 0.87 ± 0.05) significantly reduced (P<0.01). Immunofluorescence observation showed that the positive expression of MBP (37.40 ± 2.41, 37.40 ± 1.14 vs. 24.40 ± 3.65) and Olig2 (7.40 ± 1.14, 4.60 ± 1.14 vs. 2.80 ± 0.84) in the medium and high dose quercetin groups significantly increased (P<0.05). WB showed that the expression of MBP protein (1.32 ± 0.12, 0.80 ± 0.34 vs. 0.21 ± 0.07) and CNPase protein (0.72 ± 0.13, 1.06 ± 0.36 vs. 0.36 ± 0.21) in the medium and high dose quercetin groups significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusions Quercetin (50-100 mg/kg) can reduce myelin injury and promote myelin regeneration in CPZ mice, as a neuroprotective effect on CPZ mice.

The concept of “experimental animals” has been raised up, while we still need relevant laws and regulations on experimental animals.Accordingly, a potential safety hazard may occur when using these animals.Here we compare the content of the“Animal Epidemic Prevention Law of the People’ s Republic of China” and “Regulations for Experimental Animal Management”, with the “Terrestrial Animal Health Code” issued by International Organisation for Animal Health ( Office International des Epizooties,OIE) , in order to provide some advice to completing the relevant laws in China.