Magnetic stimulation has made significant strides in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Nonetheless, current magnetic stimulation techniques lack the precision to accurately modulate specific nuclei and cannot realize deep brain magnetic stimulation. To address this, we utilized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as mediators to achieve precise targeting and penetration. We investigated the effects of magnetic fields with varying frequencies on neuronal activity and compared the activation effects on neurons using a 10-Hz precise magneto-stimulation system (pMSS) with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in mice. Oxytocin levels, dendritic morphology and density, and mouse behavior were measured before and after pMSS intervention. Our findings suggest that pMSS can activate oxytocinergic neurons, leading to upregulation of oxytocin secretion and neurite outgrowth. As a result, sociability was rapidly improved after a one-week pMSS treatment regimen. These results demonstrate a promising magneto-stimulation method for regulating neuronal activity in deep brain nuclei and provide a promising therapeutic approach for autism spectrum disorder.
Animals ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology* ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods* ; Male ; Social Behavior ; Mice ; Oxytocin/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/physiology*

Objective To explore the influencing factors of depression risk in elderly patients with hypertension and construct and validate a nomogram prediction model.Methods A total of 869 elderly patients with hypertension were selected from national survey database of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 2018.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for depression in elderly patients with hypertension,and a nomogram prediction model was constructed.The accuracy and effectiveness of the model were validated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow(H-L)goodness-of-fit test,the area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver oper-ating characteristic(ROC)curve,and the calibration curve.Results The incidence of depression in elderly patients with hypertension was 47.18％.Factors influencing the risk of depression included rural residence(OR=2.191,P＜0.05),impaired basic activities of daily living(BADL)(OR=2.338,P＜0.05),impaired instrumental activitiesofdaily living(IADL)(OR=1.674,P＜0.05),poor life satisfaction(OR=7.348,P＜0.05),fair self-rated health(OR=0.441,P＜0.05),good self-rated health(OR=0.259,P＜0.05),and sleep duration of 6 to 9 hours(OR=0.510,P＜0.05).The AUC of the ROC curve was 0.795,the slope of the calibration curve was close to 1,and the H-L goodness-of-fit test yielded x2=5.074.The validation set showed an AUC of 0.703.Conclusion The prediction model established in this study has high accuracy and discriminative ability.Healthcare professionals can take effective preventive measures based on individual patient factors.

Diabetic cognitive dysfunction （DCD） is one of the complications of diabetes， which is characterized by impaired brain structure and progressively decreased learning and memory ability. With the increasing incidence of diabetes worldwide， DCD has become a serious medical and social problem. However， its pathophysiological mechanisms are not well understood. The occurrence and development of DCD involve multiple pathological links and mechanisms， and the prevention and treatment require multi-link and multi-target therapeutic measures. At present， there is no specific drug to prevent or improve DCD. Hypoglycemic drugs such as metformin and vigagliptin or anti-dementia drug including Donepezil are commonly used in clinical treatment to delay the occurrence and progression of cognitive dysfunction， but these drugs have a single target and obvious side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and central cognitive diseases， and it has many unique advantages such as multiple components， multiple targets， side effects， and low price. A large number of studies have confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine has a significant prevention and treatment effect on DCD， which can improve insulin resistance， synaptic dysfunction， inflammation， oxidative stress， endoplasmic reticulum stress， and neuronal apoptosis by regulating phosphatidylin-ositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）， advanced glycation end products （AGEs）/advanced glycation end products receptor （RAGE）/nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）， NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome， and endoplasmic reticulum stress and nuclear factor E₂ related factor 2 （Nrf2）/antioxidant response element （ARE） signaling pathways. This article reviewed the effects and related mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine on DCD in recent years， so as to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of DCD by traditional Chinese medicine.

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a commonly seen digestive system disease with unclear pathogenesis. The condition is complex and variable， often chronic， and has a long treatment period with no specific cure. Currently， the treatment of UC often involves the use of corticosteroids， aminosalicylates， and biologics in western medicine， which provide fast-acting and definite efficacy in the short term. However， with prolonged medication， some patients may develop drug resistance and worsening of the disease， leading to the occurrence of colon cancer. Research has found that oxidative stress is one of the important pathogenic factors in UC and influences its onset and development. Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance between oxidative products and the antioxidant system in the body， characterized by overexpression of oxidative products such as malondialdehyde （MDA）， reactive oxygen species （ROS）， nitric oxide （NO）， or deficiency of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT）， and glutathione （GSH）. It is worth noting that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， as a unique characteristic medicine of China， has achieved significant efficacy in the treatment of UC. Studies have shown that TCM effectively inhibits the occurrence of UC by suppressing the accumulation of metabolites and antagonizes the development of UC by enhancing the antioxidant system. Therefore， using TCM to regulate the oxidative balance as a diagnostic and therapeutic approach may be a new method and direction for the treatment of UC in the future. Based on the above research， this article summarized the mechanisms of key pathogenic proteins in oxidative stress and the occurrence and development of UC， and compiled the effective ingredients of Chinese medicine， single drugs， prescriptions， and acupuncture and moxibustion in regulating upstream and downstream target proteins of oxidative stress. These interventions can reduce pathological damage to the intestinal mucosa， lower the colon injury index， enrich the intestinal microbiota， increase colon length， and improve clinical symptoms of UC. The article is expected to expand the application of TCM in the treatment of UC and provide a reliable scientific theoretical basis.

ObjectiveTo characterize the chemical constituents of Dayuanyin based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）. MethodThe detection was performed on a Thermo Acclaim™ RSLC 120 C₁₈ column（2.1 mm×100 mm， 2.2 μm）， the mobile phase was acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B） for gradient elution （0-7.5 min， 10%-19%A； 7.5-12 min， 19%-22.5%A； 12-23 min， 22.5%-27%A； 23-27 min， 27%-56%A； 27-35 min， 56%-84%A； 35-36 min， 84%-90%A）， the flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1， and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The data were collected in the positive and negative ion modes by heated electrospray ionization（HESI）， and the detection range was m/z 80-1 200. Combining the retention time of the reference substance， fragment ions， databases such as PubChem and related literature， Xcalibur 3.0 was used to identify the chemical constituents of Dayuanyin. ResultA total of 161 compounds were identified， including 14 alkaloids， 60 flavonoids， 16 terpenoids， 26 saponins， 18 phenylpropanoids， 16 organic acids and 11 others. ConclusionThe established method can effectively and quickly identify the chemical components in Dayuanyin， and clarify its chemical composition， which can provide a basis for the development of compound preparations of this famous classical formula.

Objective: To observe the effect of quercetin on myelin regeneration in desyelinating mice induced by cuprizone (CPZ). Methods: A total of 50 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, low, medium and high dose quercetin groups, 10 mice in each group. In addition to the normal control group, mice demyelinating model was induced by feeding with 0.2% CPZ rodent feed. Quercetin solution was administered to the low, medium and high dose quercetin groups at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, and to the normal control group and the model group at 1 time/d. After 5 weeks of continuous gavage, the weight of mice was recorded every week, and the experiment of rotating bar was carried out. After 5 weeks, the changes of the myelin sheath in the corpus callosum of mice were observed by luxol fast blue (LFB) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Immunofluorescence method was used to determine the protein expressions of myelin basic protein (MBP) and oligodendrocyte transcription 2actor (Olig2) in mouse brain tissue. The expression of MBP and cyclic nucleotide-3'phosphate hydrolase (CNPase) in mouse corpus callosum was determined by Western blot. Results: After 2-5 weeks, compared with the model group, the body mass of the medium and high dose quercetin groups significantly increased (P<0.01), and the score of turning rod significantly increased (P<0.01). The LFB observation showed that the demyelination score of corpus callosum in low, medium and high dose quercetin groups (2.23 ± 0.25, 1.50 ± 0.15, 1.14 ± 0.97 vs. 2.83 ± 0.18) significantly decreased (P<0.01). TEM observation showed that the G-ratio value in low, medium and high dose quercetin groups (0.75 ± 0.05, 0.75 ± 0.08, 0.73 ± 0.08 vs. 0.87 ± 0.05) significantly reduced (P<0.01). Immunofluorescence observation showed that the positive expression of MBP (37.40 ± 2.41, 37.40 ± 1.14 vs. 24.40 ± 3.65) and Olig2 (7.40 ± 1.14, 4.60 ± 1.14 vs. 2.80 ± 0.84) in the medium and high dose quercetin groups significantly increased (P<0.05). WB showed that the expression of MBP protein (1.32 ± 0.12, 0.80 ± 0.34 vs. 0.21 ± 0.07) and CNPase protein (0.72 ± 0.13, 1.06 ± 0.36 vs. 0.36 ± 0.21) in the medium and high dose quercetin groups significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusions Quercetin (50-100 mg/kg) can reduce myelin injury and promote myelin regeneration in CPZ mice, as a neuroprotective effect on CPZ mice.

Objective To study the relationship of bladder residual urine volume and renal function and urinary tract infection in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH). Methods Eighty-one BPH eases from September 2005 to September 2008 were studied retrospectively. All the cases were divided into group A (53 cases, the residual urine volume <60 ml), group B (18 cases, the residual urine volume 60-200 ml),and group C (10 cases, the residual urine volume 200 ml). Blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum ereatinine (Cr) and urine bacterial culture were observed. Results The BUN and serum Cr in group A, B and C were (5.90 ± 3.01) mmol/L, (90.13 ± 25.08)μmol/L, (7.85±3.53) mmol/L, (128.36 ±30.25) μmol/L and (10.57 ± 4.01)mmol/L, (152.11 ± 36.68) μmol/L, respectively. The BUN and serum Cr in group C were higher than those in group A and B (P < 0.01 or < 0.05). And there was significant difference between group A and group B (P< 0.05). The incidence of urinary tract infection in group A ,B and C was 28.3%(15/53), 44.4%(8/18), 50.0%(5/10), respectively. There was significant difference between group A and group B, C (P < 0.05). But there was no significant difference between group B and group C (P 0.05). Eacherichia was the main bacteria in urinary tract infection. Conclusion The increase of bladder residual urine volume in patients with BPH enhances renal failure and urinary tract infection.

Objective To assess the advantages and disadvantages of urine drainage by double-J ureteral stent or by percutaneous indwelling stent for pyeloplasty. Methods A total of 62 patients who had undergone pyeloplasty (6 patients had undergone operation on both sides) were reviewed.These patients had 68 sides of drainage during operation.The therapeutic effects,relevant complications and recoveries of 31 sides with internal stent and 37 with external stent for pyeloplasty were analyzed retrospectively. Results The rate of total postoperative complications such as hematuria,urinary tract infection,anastomotic leakage of urine or stenosis and urinary salt deposit in the internal drainage group (7/31,22.6%) was remarkably lower than that of the external drainage group (17/37,45.9%), P