Background: The immune system plays a critical role in the development and progression of osteoporosis and fractures. However, the causal relationships between antibody immune responses, immune cells, and these bone conditions remain unclear. This study aimed to explore these relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: We collected complete blood count data from patients with fractures and healthy individuals and analyzed their differences. Then, we conducted a 2-sample, 2-step MR analysis to investigate the causal effects of antibody immune responses on osteoporosis and fractures, using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) as the primary method. We also explored whether immune cells mediate the pathway between antibodies and osteoporosis or fractures. Finally, we analyzed the functions and expression levels of key genes involved. Results: Overall, the fracture group exhibited increased white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute monocyte count, platelet count, and their respective proportions, while absolute lymphocyte count, absolute eosinophil count, absolute basophil count, red blood cell count, and their proportions were decreased. We identified 44 causal relationships between antibodies and osteoporosis or fractures, with 7 supported by multiple MR methods, and 5 showing odds ratios significantly deviating from 1 in the IVW analysis. Epstein-Barr virus-related antibodies had a notable impact on osteoporosis and fractures. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene family, particularly HLA-DPB1, emerged as a significant risk factor. However, immune cells were not found to mediate these effects. Conclusions This study elucidated the causal relationships between antibody immune responses, immune cells, and osteoporosis or fractures. The HLA gene family plays a crucial role in the interaction between antibodies and these bone conditions, with HLA-DPB1 identified as a key risk gene. Immune cells do not serve as mediators in this process. These findings provide valuable insights for future research.

Background: The immune system plays a critical role in the development and progression of osteoporosis and fractures. However, the causal relationships between antibody immune responses, immune cells, and these bone conditions remain unclear. This study aimed to explore these relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: We collected complete blood count data from patients with fractures and healthy individuals and analyzed their differences. Then, we conducted a 2-sample, 2-step MR analysis to investigate the causal effects of antibody immune responses on osteoporosis and fractures, using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) as the primary method. We also explored whether immune cells mediate the pathway between antibodies and osteoporosis or fractures. Finally, we analyzed the functions and expression levels of key genes involved. Results: Overall, the fracture group exhibited increased white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute monocyte count, platelet count, and their respective proportions, while absolute lymphocyte count, absolute eosinophil count, absolute basophil count, red blood cell count, and their proportions were decreased. We identified 44 causal relationships between antibodies and osteoporosis or fractures, with 7 supported by multiple MR methods, and 5 showing odds ratios significantly deviating from 1 in the IVW analysis. Epstein-Barr virus-related antibodies had a notable impact on osteoporosis and fractures. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene family, particularly HLA-DPB1, emerged as a significant risk factor. However, immune cells were not found to mediate these effects. Conclusions This study elucidated the causal relationships between antibody immune responses, immune cells, and osteoporosis or fractures. The HLA gene family plays a crucial role in the interaction between antibodies and these bone conditions, with HLA-DPB1 identified as a key risk gene. Immune cells do not serve as mediators in this process. These findings provide valuable insights for future research.

Background: The immune system plays a critical role in the development and progression of osteoporosis and fractures. However, the causal relationships between antibody immune responses, immune cells, and these bone conditions remain unclear. This study aimed to explore these relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: We collected complete blood count data from patients with fractures and healthy individuals and analyzed their differences. Then, we conducted a 2-sample, 2-step MR analysis to investigate the causal effects of antibody immune responses on osteoporosis and fractures, using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) as the primary method. We also explored whether immune cells mediate the pathway between antibodies and osteoporosis or fractures. Finally, we analyzed the functions and expression levels of key genes involved. Results: Overall, the fracture group exhibited increased white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute monocyte count, platelet count, and their respective proportions, while absolute lymphocyte count, absolute eosinophil count, absolute basophil count, red blood cell count, and their proportions were decreased. We identified 44 causal relationships between antibodies and osteoporosis or fractures, with 7 supported by multiple MR methods, and 5 showing odds ratios significantly deviating from 1 in the IVW analysis. Epstein-Barr virus-related antibodies had a notable impact on osteoporosis and fractures. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene family, particularly HLA-DPB1, emerged as a significant risk factor. However, immune cells were not found to mediate these effects. Conclusions This study elucidated the causal relationships between antibody immune responses, immune cells, and osteoporosis or fractures. The HLA gene family plays a crucial role in the interaction between antibodies and these bone conditions, with HLA-DPB1 identified as a key risk gene. Immune cells do not serve as mediators in this process. These findings provide valuable insights for future research.

Background: The immune system plays a critical role in the development and progression of osteoporosis and fractures. However, the causal relationships between antibody immune responses, immune cells, and these bone conditions remain unclear. This study aimed to explore these relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: We collected complete blood count data from patients with fractures and healthy individuals and analyzed their differences. Then, we conducted a 2-sample, 2-step MR analysis to investigate the causal effects of antibody immune responses on osteoporosis and fractures, using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) as the primary method. We also explored whether immune cells mediate the pathway between antibodies and osteoporosis or fractures. Finally, we analyzed the functions and expression levels of key genes involved. Results: Overall, the fracture group exhibited increased white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute monocyte count, platelet count, and their respective proportions, while absolute lymphocyte count, absolute eosinophil count, absolute basophil count, red blood cell count, and their proportions were decreased. We identified 44 causal relationships between antibodies and osteoporosis or fractures, with 7 supported by multiple MR methods, and 5 showing odds ratios significantly deviating from 1 in the IVW analysis. Epstein-Barr virus-related antibodies had a notable impact on osteoporosis and fractures. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene family, particularly HLA-DPB1, emerged as a significant risk factor. However, immune cells were not found to mediate these effects. Conclusions This study elucidated the causal relationships between antibody immune responses, immune cells, and osteoporosis or fractures. The HLA gene family plays a crucial role in the interaction between antibodies and these bone conditions, with HLA-DPB1 identified as a key risk gene. Immune cells do not serve as mediators in this process. These findings provide valuable insights for future research.

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Objective:To analyze research trends, hotspots, and international collaboration in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) from 2010 to 2024 using bibliometric methods.Methods:A total of 4 368 articles published between January 2010 to December 2024 were retrieved from PubMed using the search strategy temporomandibular disorders[MeSH Terms] OR temporomandibular joint disorders[Title/Abstract]. The R package"bibliometrix" was employed to analyze publication statistics, author collaboration networks, and keyword co-occurrence.Results:The annual publication volume in the TMD field increased 3.4-fold from 2010 to 2024, with an average annual output of 291.2 articles. MANFREDINI DANIELE was identified as the most prolific author (74 articles). The Journal of Oral Rehabilitation ranked first in terms of publication quantity (454 articles). The University of S?o Paulo (Brazil) emerged as the leading contributor, followed by Sichuan University (China) globally. Research hotspots predominantly focused on the DC/TMD diagnostic criteria and pain mechanisms. Analysis of international collaboration networks revealed that core authors (e.g., Lobbezoo F, Manfredini D) have driven advancements in the field through multidisciplinary collaboration (dentistry+psychology+medical imaging). The high-frequency occurrence of the imaging keyword "magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)" underscores its pivotal role in diagnosing disc displacement. Chinese institutions (Sichuan University, Peking University) ranked second globally in research output; however, interdisciplinary international collaboration remained limited, with multiple-country publications (MCP) accounting for only 13.0%. Conclusions:TMD research demonstrates interdisciplinary integration, highlighting the need for future emphasis on Asian population studies and innovative diagnostic/therapeutic technologies.

Objective:To analyze research trends, hotspots, and international collaboration in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) from 2010 to 2024 using bibliometric methods.Methods:A total of 4 368 articles published between January 2010 to December 2024 were retrieved from PubMed using the search strategy temporomandibular disorders[MeSH Terms] OR temporomandibular joint disorders[Title/Abstract]. The R package"bibliometrix" was employed to analyze publication statistics, author collaboration networks, and keyword co-occurrence.Results:The annual publication volume in the TMD field increased 3.4-fold from 2010 to 2024, with an average annual output of 291.2 articles. MANFREDINI DANIELE was identified as the most prolific author (74 articles). The Journal of Oral Rehabilitation ranked first in terms of publication quantity (454 articles). The University of S?o Paulo (Brazil) emerged as the leading contributor, followed by Sichuan University (China) globally. Research hotspots predominantly focused on the DC/TMD diagnostic criteria and pain mechanisms. Analysis of international collaboration networks revealed that core authors (e.g., Lobbezoo F, Manfredini D) have driven advancements in the field through multidisciplinary collaboration (dentistry+psychology+medical imaging). The high-frequency occurrence of the imaging keyword "magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)" underscores its pivotal role in diagnosing disc displacement. Chinese institutions (Sichuan University, Peking University) ranked second globally in research output; however, interdisciplinary international collaboration remained limited, with multiple-country publications (MCP) accounting for only 13.0%. Conclusions:TMD research demonstrates interdisciplinary integration, highlighting the need for future emphasis on Asian population studies and innovative diagnostic/therapeutic technologies.

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Objective:To explore the role and mechanism of IL-39 in K562 cells.Methods:The expressions of IL-39R and STAT1/STAT3 in K562 cells were detected via qRT-PCR;the protein levels of phospho-STAT1/STAT3 and STAT1/STAT3 in K562 cells were detected by Western blot;the mRNA regulated by IL-39 in K562 cells was predicted by RNA sequencing.Results:rIL-39 significantly promoted the expression of IL-39R in K562 cells;IL-39 affected K562 cells through STAT1 pathway;IL-39 significantly regulated the expression of mRNA in K562 cells,thus potentially affecting a series of biological processes.Conclusion:IL-39 can directly act on K562 cells,alter gene transcriptional expression and inhibit tumor growth through the STAT1 pathway.IL-39 may similarly modulate gene expression profile in human leukemia cells.

Objective To organize the list of medicinal plants in Longzhong region;To conclude the species and distribution of medicinal plants in the region;To provide reference for the protection,development and utilization of TCM resources in the region.Methods The data of the fourth national census of TCM resources were obtained through the database of TCM resources census,and reference was made to the Chinese Botanical Records,Flora of the Loess Plateau,Gansu Herbal Resources Records,Gansu Provincial Standard of Chinese Materia Medica(2020 edition),Gansu Provincial Standard of Chinese and Tibetan Materia Medica(2020 edition),and other books and relevant literature supplementation,to summarize the medicinal plant species and distribution in Longzhong region.The status was summarized and analyzed.Results There are totally 178 families,829 genera and 2 101 species of medicinal plant resources in Longzhong region,mainly exist in angiosperms,gymnosperms and ferns and other groups,of which the dominant families are mainly concentrated in the Compositae,Rosaceae,Leguminosae,etc.The main medicinal parts for the whole grass class,mainly heat-clearing medicines,and 51 species of cultivated medicinal plants,including Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge)Hsiao,Rosa rugosa Thunb.,Lonicera japonica Thunb.and so on.Conclusion Longzhong region is rich in plant resources and has many kinds of medicinal plants,which should be rationally developed and utilized on the basis of protection and vigorously develop characteristic TCM industry according to the geographical environment.