The article reports the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus(NDI) caused by vasopressin V2 receptor(AVPR2) mutation. The proband presented with polyuria and polydipsia since early childhood. Urinary retention and bilateral hydronephrosis developed during the last year. The diagnosis of NDI was confirmed through an indirect water deprivation test and copeptin measurement. Genetic testing revealed a hemizygous truncating mutation in the AVPR2 gene. This article introduces the diagnostic approach for diabetes insipidus and elaborates the clinical value of copeptin in the differential diagnosis between NDI and central diabetes insipidus. A literature review was conducted to summarize the pathogenic mechanisms, clinical features, treatment, prognosis, and management of complications in NDI with AVPR2 mutation.

The article reports the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus(NDI) caused by vasopressin V2 receptor(AVPR2) mutation. The proband presented with polyuria and polydipsia since early childhood. Urinary retention and bilateral hydronephrosis developed during the last year. The diagnosis of NDI was confirmed through an indirect water deprivation test and copeptin measurement. Genetic testing revealed a hemizygous truncating mutation in the AVPR2 gene. This article introduces the diagnostic approach for diabetes insipidus and elaborates the clinical value of copeptin in the differential diagnosis between NDI and central diabetes insipidus. A literature review was conducted to summarize the pathogenic mechanisms, clinical features, treatment, prognosis, and management of complications in NDI with AVPR2 mutation.

This article presents a case report of right vocal cord paralysis resulting from herpes simplex virus infection in an older adult. The patient initially presented with fever, blisters on the lips and right cheek, followed by the gradual onset of hoarseness and difficulty in swallowing. Laryngoscopy revealed fixation of the right vocal cord while the left vocal cord exhibited normal movement. A high level of herpes simplex virus type 1 IgM antibody was detected during the disease progression. Treatment involving mid-dose glucocorticoid and methylcobalamin neurotrophic therapy, swallowing and vocal rehabilitation training, as well as enteral nutrition support, led to alleviation of hoarseness and improved ability to drink water in small sips. Follow-up laryngoscopy indicated partial restoration of movement in the right vocal cord. The article not only outlines the diagnosis and treatment of this case but also reviews relevant literature to broaden clinicians' knowledge of viral-induced vocal cord paralysis in the elderly. It also emphasizes the importance of a geriatric interdisciplinary team in managing complex diseases in older patients.