Surgical treatment is one of the key approaches for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Regular postoperative follow-up is crucial for early detection and timely management of tumor recurrence, metastasis, or second primary tumors. A scientifically sound and reasonable follow-up strategy not only extends patient survival but also significantly improves quality of life, thereby enhancing overall prognosis. This consensus aims to build upon the previous version by incorporating the latest clinical research advancements and refining postoperative follow-up protocols for early-stage NSCLC patients based on different treatment modalities. It provides a scientific and practical reference for clinicians involved in the postoperative follow-up management of NSCLC. By optimizing follow-up strategies, this consensus seeks to promote the standardization and normalization of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment in China, helping more patients receive high-quality care and long-term management. Additionally, the release of this consensus is expected to provide insights for related research and clinical practice both domestically and internationally, driving continuous development and innovation in the field of postoperative management for NSCLC.

Sophorae Flavescentis Radix is one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in China, and a large amount of pharmaceutical residue generated during its processing and production is discarded as waste, which not only wastes resources but also pollutes the environment. Therefore, elucidating the chemical composition of the residue of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and the differences between the residue and Sophorae Flavescentis Radix itself is of great significance for the comprehensive utilization of the residue. This study, based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology combined with multivariate statistical methods, provides a thorough characterization, identification, and differential analysis of the overall components of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and its residue. Firstly, 61 compounds in Sophorae Flavescentis Radix were rapidly identified based on their precise molecular weight, fragment ions, and compound abundance, using a self-constructed compound database. Among them, 41 compounds were found in the residue, mainly alkaloids and flavonoids. Secondly, through principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA), 15 key compounds differentiating Sophorae Flavescentis Radix from its residue were identified. These included highly polar alkaloids, such as oxymatrine and oxysophocarpine, which showed significantly reduced content in the residue, and less polar flavonoids, such as kurarinone and kuraridin, which were more abundant in the residue. In summary, this paper clarifies the overall composition, structure, and content differences between Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and its residue, suggesting that the residue of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix can be used as a raw material for the extraction of its high-activity components, with promising potential for development and application in cosmetics and daily care. This research provides a scientific basis for the future comprehensive utilization of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and its residue.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Sophora/chemistry* ; Flavonoids/chemistry* ; Alkaloids/chemistry*

ObjectiveTo compare wild and cultivated Paeoniae Radix Rubra（PRR） in three aspects， including character， microscope， determination of primary and secondary metabolites. MethodSeventeen batches of wild and nine batches of cultivated PRR were collected，their character data were measured by vernier caliper and scales， and their paraffin sections were made by safranin-fixed green dyeing for the observation of microscopic features. The content of ethanol-soluble extracts and total tannin from wild and cultivated PRR was determined by the method of general principle 2201 and 2202 in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， the content of polysaccharides was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method. Anthrone colorimetry was used to determine the content of starch， and Van Soest method of washing fiber was used to determine the content of fiber. The contents of fructose， glucose and sucrose in wild and cultivated PRR were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography evaporative light scattering detection（UPLC-ELSD）， and the secondary metabolites（gallic acid， methyl gallate， catechin， oxypaeoniflorin， albiflorin， paeoniflorin， ellagic acid， 1，3，4，6-tetragalloylglucose， galloylpaeoniflorin， 1，2，3，4，6-O-pentagalloylglucose， naringenin， benzoylpaeoniflorin and benzoylalbiflorin） were determined by UPLC. Principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were used to analyze the data of wild and cultivated PRR， the contribution of different factors to the difference was determined according to the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and P<0.05. ResultIn term of characters， wild PRR showed the traditional characteristic of Zaopi Fencha， its outer skin was loose and easy to fall off， its surface had longitudinal furrow and wrinkle， but the outer skin of cultivated PRR was not easy to fall off， and its surface was relatively smooth. The radial texture of xylem of wild PRR cross-section was more obvious， showing radial striations， vacuoles and more cracks， while the radial texture of xylem of cultivated PRR cross-section was not obvious， dense and some had cracks. Microscopically， the number of radial vessels arranged in the xylem of wild PRR was more than that of cultivated PRR， the number of calcium oxalate clusters in the phloem and xylem of wild PRR was more than that of cultivated PRR， while the number of starch grains was significantly higher in cultivated PRR. In terms of the content of primary chemical constituents， the contents of polysaccharides and starch of cultivated PRR were significantly higher than those of wild PRR（P<0.05）， while the contents of cellulose， lignin， fructose and glucose of wild PRR were significantly higher than those of cultivated PRR（P<0.05）. The results of determination of 13 secondary metabolites showed that the contents of paeoniflorin， methyl gallate， catechin and oxypaeoniflorin in wild PRR were significantly higher than those in cultivated PRR（P<0.05）， while the contents of albiflorin， gallic acid， ellagic acid， naringenin， benzoylpaeoniflorin and benzoylalbiflorin were significantly lower than those of cultivated PRR（P<0.05）. A total of 10 variables contributing to the differentiation between wild and cultivated PRR were screened， including albiflorin， cellulose， benzoylpaeoniflorin， oxypaeoniflorin， naringenin， ellagic acid， starch， lignin， paeoniflorin and total tannins. ConclusionThere are significant differences between wild and cultivated PRR in characters， microscopic characteristics， contents of primary and secondary metabolites. It is suggested that the content ratio of paeoniflorin and albiflorin， the contents of oxypaeoniflorin and cellulose can be used as indicators to characterize production methods of PRR so as to improve the quality standard of PRR. This study can provide reference for the improvement of quality standard of PRR and the guidance of high quality production of PRR.

Tomato (Solarium lycopersicum) is one of the most popular vegetables worldwide and is a classic model plant for studying fruit development and ripening due to its short growth cycle, clear genetic background and ease of molecular manipulation. This paper used virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to construct SlWRKY53b gene-silenced tomato fruits and analyzed the effect of SIWRKY531) gene silencing in the tomato fruit ripening process. We found that transient silencing of SIWRKY531) resulted indelayed in-broken color, higher chlorophyll contents (P<0.05) and reduced carotenoid contents (P<0.05) in tomato fruits, and color difference results indicated that the differences in L *, a * and b * values were consistent with fruit color changes. Further studies showed that genes significantly down-regulated (P<0.01) in SIWRKY531) gene-silenced tomato fruits include the chlorophyll degradation-related genes (AFCl, PAO, PPH, SGR1), carotenoid synthesis-related genes (PSYl, PDS, ZDS), ethylene synthesis pathway-related genes (ACOl, ACS2, NOR, AC03, EA, RIN), and cell wall degradation-related genes (PG, EXP, CELT.). Correlation analysis showed that the expression of SlWRKY53b was negatively correlated with chlorophyll contents and positively correlated with carotenoid contents and the expression of maturation-related genes. These results suggest that inhibition of SIWRKY531) expression at the transcrip-tional level can achieve the effect of delaying tomato fruit ripening, indicating that S1WRKY531) plays arole as a facilitator in the tomato fruit ripening process.

Resection is crucial for treating non-small cell lung cancer. Routine follow-up after surgery is an effective method for early detection and treatment of tumor recurrence and metastasis or the second primary tumor, which can improve the quality of life of patients and their prognosis. This consensus aims to provide a reference for colleagues responsible for postoperative follow-up of non-small cell lung cancer patients in China, and further improve the standardization of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To construct and verify a standard template of white matter based on Chinese normal 0 to 2 years old infants by using nonlinear high registration accuracy of non-rigid diffeomorphism paradigm (large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping, LDDMM). METHODS: Full-term spontaneous labor children without maternal pregnancy disease (hypertension, diabetes, etc.), intrauterine hypoxia and ischemia, head trauma, intracranial infection, intracranial surgery history, family history of mental disorders were selected. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from the 120 normal Chinese infants under 2 years old were acquired after excluding the existence of neurological diseases revealed by neurologists, radiologists and Gesell Developmental Scale. All the data were divided into six groups including group A: 1 day to 1.5 months, group B: 1.5 to 4.5 months, group C: 4.5 to 9.0 months, group D: 9 to 15 months, group E: 15 to 21 months, and group F: 21 to 24 months. Data pre-processing, normalizing, tensor fitting and calculation of all the images were performed by using MRlcron, DtiStudio, DiffeoMap and SPM software package combined with LDDMM image registration method based on the selected single template of each group. And the average templates of each group were constructed by MATLAB software platform. The set of templates included fractional anisotropy figure (FA), color map, T1 weighted image, b0 image and the mean of all DWfs figures. RESULTS: The templates of FA, T1, b0, DWfs and color map for the normal brain magnetic resonance white matter development of the Chinese infants aged 0 to 2 years were successfully established with the subjective scores exceeding 2 points. The objective evaluation root mean squared error was controlled below 0.19, and the cubic chart of brain alternation trend for the children aged 0 to 2 years was consistent with previous literature. CONCLUSION Constructing a standard template of white matter based on Chinese normal infants, by using nonlinear high registration accuracy of non-rigid diffeomorphism paradigm provides not only a foundation of further research on brain development, mechanism and treatment of pediatric diseases associated with brain, but also objective and fair imaging information for medical education and research.
Brain/diagnostic imaging* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Software ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging*

In this paper, an approach was applied for separation and identification of oligosaccharides in Morinda officinalis How by Ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) with collision energy. The separation was carried out on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide C₁₈(2.1mm×100 mm，1.7 μm) with gradient elution using acetonitrile(A) and water(B) containing 0.1% ammonia as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min⁻¹. The column temperature was maintained at 40 °C. The information of accurate mass and characteristic fragment ion were acquired by MSE in ESI negative mode in low and high collision energy. The chemical structures and formula of oligosaccharides were obtained and identified by the software of UNIFI and Masslynx 4.1 based on the accurate mass, fragment ions, neutral losses, mass error, reference substance, isotope information, the intensity of fragments, and retention time. A total of 19 inulin oligosaccharide structures were identified including D(+)-sucrose, 1-kestose, nystose, 1F-fructofuranosyl nystose and other inulin oligosaccharides (DP 5-18). This research provided important information about the inulin oligosaccharides in M. officinalis. The results would provide scientific basis for innovative utilization of M. officinalis.

Adult ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers ; statistics & numerical data ; Substance-Related Disorders ; therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Violence ; statistics & numerical data

This paper is aimed to develop a method for the determination of five effective components in medicinal material of Tripterygium using ultra performance liquid chromalography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-ESI-MS/MS), which then was used to study their contents in raw materials from different areas and different sources.The separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC-CSH-C18S column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm), usingacetonitrile-0.2% ammonium form ateaqueous solutionas mobile phase. The target components were detected in multiple-reaction monitoring(MRM) mode by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI) source operated in positive ionization mode. The quantitative results showed that good linearity was achieved in their respective linear ranges and fine determination coefficient (r > 0.997 8),and the overall recoveries ranged from 96.72%-103.2% with the RSD ranging from 1.0%-2.4%.The method is sensitive and accurate, and suitable for the effective components quantification in medicinal material of Tripterygium; contents of five effective components from different sources vary significantly, so the quality and safety of medicinal material of Tripterygium needs to be improved. It is very important to control the quality with multi-index for clinic safety.

The Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）was applied to analyze the chemical components in Lysinotus wilsonii. A Waters ACQUITY UPLC-BEH-C₁₈ S column（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm）was used with a gradient elution of acetonitrile-water containing 0.1％ formic acid. The mass spectrometry equipped with ionization source was used and the data was collected in negative ion mode. Results showed that 57 components were identified as 42 phenylethanoid glycosides, 5 benzyl alcohol glycosides, 6 flavonoids and 4 other components. Among them, 43 compounds were firstly identified in Gensneriaceae and one benzyl alcohol glycoside may be a new compound. We have quite completely identified the components in L. wilsonii for the first time, which may lay the foundation for further study and utilization of the medicinal plant.