Arsenic is a semi-metal,and lipid-soluble arsenic compounds are one of the widespread forms in the environment and food chain,but there is a lack of standards for lipid-soluble arsenic compounds,which is one of the bottlenecks in the current analytical detection and toxicological studies of organic arsenic.In this study,four saturated arsenic-containing hydrocarbons,AsHC 318,AsHC 332,AsHC 346,and AsHC 374(The number is relative molecular mass),were successfully synthesized in three steps by using dimethylarsinic acid,potassium iodide,sodium hydroxide,and four brominated alkanes(1-Bromotetradecane,1-bromopentadecane,1-bromohexadecane,and 1-bromooctadecane)as raw materials.The structures of these four saturated arsenic-containing hydrocarbons were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR)spectroscopy,13C nuclear magnetic resonance(13C NMR)spectroscopy,and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HR-MS).The yields of the method were 8%-10%,and the synthesized compounds could be used in subsequent toxicity evaluation experiments to assess the toxic effects and mechanisms of action of arsenic-containing hydrocarbons.This study provided an effective method for synthesis of arsenic-containing hydrocarbons,enriching the synthesis methods of arsenic-containing hydrocarbons,and provided raw materials for the subsequent toxicological studies of arsenic-containing hydrocarbons.

Objective:To explore the application value of three-dimensional visualization reconstruction technology in robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy（RAPN）for the treatment of highly complex（R.E.N.A.L. score≥10）renal hilar tumors.Methods:The clinical data of 87 patients with highly complex renal hilar tumors with R.E.N.A.L. scores ≥10 who were treated in First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2021 to December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed，of which 36 underwent 3D visualization reconstruction and 51 underwent conventional CT. The 3D visualization reconstruction method was to import the patient’s enhanced CT images in DICOM format into the 3D reconstruction image data processing software to produce a 3D visualization model. There were 22 males and 14 females in the 3D visualization group，with an average age of（54.2 ± 9.5）years，a body mass index of（24.8 ± 4.5）kg/m 2，and a tumor size of（4.3 ± 1.0）cm. Tumors were located on the left side in 16 cases and on the right side in 20 cases. Tumor stages were classified as T 1a in 11 cases，T 1b in 21 cases，and T 2a in 4 cases. The R.E.N.A.L. scores were distributed as follows：10 points in 21 cases，11 points in 12 cases，and 12 points in 3 cases. The estimated glomerular filtration rate（eGFR）before operation was（78.2±9.6）ml/（min·1.73 m 2）. There were 35 males and 16 females in the conventional CT group，with an average age of（51.3±8.9）years，a body mass index of（25.4 ± 3.9）kg/m 2，and a tumor size of（4.1 ± 1.2）cm. Tumors were located on the left side in 25 cases and on the right side in 26 cases. Tumor stages were classified as T 1a in 12 cases，T 1b in 33 cases，and T 2a in 6 cases. The R.E.N.A.L. scores were distributed as follows：10 points in 31 cases，11 points in 18 cases，and 12 points in 2 cases . The preoperative eGFR was（80.6 ± 8.8）ml/（min·1.73 m 2）. There was no statistical difference in general data and preoperative renal function between the two groups（ P > 0.05）. Both groups underwent RAPN. The two groups were analyzed and compared in terms of operation time，warm ischemia time，intraoperative blood loss，postoperative hospital stay，postoperative complications，and changes in renal function 3 months after surgery. Results:There were no cases of conversion to radical treatment or open surgery in both the 3D visualization group and the conventional CT group. The 3D visualization group had shorter operation time［（94.6 ± 18.5）min vs.（110.2 ± 17.2）min， P < 0.001］，shorter renal artery occlusion time［（23.3 ± 4.0）min vs.（27.2 ± 3.3）min， P < 0.001］，less intraoperative blood loss［120（100，250）ml vs. 150（120，300）ml， P = 0.018］，and a lower proportion of intraoperative collecting system incision（19/36 vs. 38/51， P = 0.042）than the conventional CT group. There was no significant statistical difference in the time of postoperative drainage tube removal and postoperative hospital stay between the two groups（ P > 0.05）. One case in the 3D visualization group had postoperative fever，and two cases in the conventional CT group had postoperative obvious macroscopic hematuria. Postoperative pathological diagnosis of the patients was clear cell carcinoma in 78 cases，papillary cell carcinoma in 6 cases，chromophobe cell carcinoma in 2 cases，and oncocytoma in 1 case. No positive resection margin was found in both groups. Three months after surgery，there was no significant statistical difference in eGFR between the two groups［（70.6 ± 8.5）ml/（min·1.73 m 2）vs.（71.4 ± 9.2）ml/（min·1.73 m 2）， P = 0.681］. During the median follow-up of 17.8 months，no tumor recurrence or metastasis was observed in either group. Conclusions:RAPN has good safety and feasibility in the treatment of highly complex（R.E.N.A.L. score ≥10）renal hilar tumors. Preoperative three-dimensional visualization reconstruction technology helps to reduce RAPN operation time，renal artery occlusion time and intraoperative blood loss，and has good clinical application value.

Objective:To explore the prognostic value of artificial intelligence-based P53 and Ki67 detection in stage I non-mucinous adenocarcinoma(INMA)of lung.Methods:A retrospective analysis was made of patients treated by radical surgical resection for INMA of lung in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Peking University First Hospital from Jan.2015 to Dec.2016,with complete clinicopathological and 5-year follow-up data.Immunohistochemical staining for P53 and Ki67 was performed on all cases and the index of P53 and Ki67 was calculated with the assistance of artificial intelligence(AI).The optimal cut-off values for P53 and Ki67 were determined using X-Tile software,and based on these values,the patients were divided into low-expression and high-expression groups.Pearson chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the differences in clinicopathological characteristics between the different groups.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the impact of various indicators on 5-year overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival (DFS)for stage I INMA.The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves and the area under the curve(AUC)was used to analyze the predictive performance of P53 and Ki67 for the prognosis of stage I INMA.Results:Among the 191 patients, the median follow-up time was 60(54, 60) months. The index of P53 and Ki67 were 0%-100% and 1.0%-78.0%,respectively. The X-Tile software revealed optimal cut-off values of 62% for P53 and 20% for Ki67.Then the patients were divided into P53 low-expression group (<62%), P53 high-expression (≥62%) group and Ki67 low-expression (<20%)group,Ki67 high-expression group (≥20%). High expression of P53 was associated with male ( χ2=12.45, P<0.001), smoking ( χ2=12.24, P<0.001), pTNM stage ( χ2=16.28, P<0.001), and histological grade ( P<0.001). High expression of Ki67 was associated with male ( χ2=17.33, P<0.01), smoking ( χ2=21.67, P<0.01), and histological grade ( P<0.001). Male ( HR=2.612, 95% CI: 1.173-5.815, P=0.019), smoking ( HR=2.651, 95% CI: 1.246-5.642, P=0.011), high pTNM stage ( HR=3.815, 95% CI: 1.792-8.122, P<0.001), high histological grade ( HR=5.277, 95% CI: 2.400-11.606, P<0.001), high P53 expression ( HR=5.950, 95% CI: 2.792-12.680, P<0.001), and high Ki67 expression ( HR=3.349, 95% CI: 1.554-7.221, P=0.002) were associated with poorer disease-free survival (DFS). Male ( HR=9.050, 95% CI: 1.113-73.586, P=0.039), smoking ( HR=8.428, 95% CI: 1.701-41.765, P=0.009), high histological grade ( HR=6.865, 95% CI: 1.756-26.834, P=0.006), high P53 expression ( HR=16.699, 95% CI: 3.369-82.761, P<0.001), and high Ki67 expression ( HR=7.558, 95% CI: 1.806-31.632, P=0.006) were associated with poorer overall survival. P53 high-expression was identified as an independent risk factor for both DFS ( HR=2.843, 95% CI: 1.192-6.778, P=0.018) and OS( HR=6.909, 95% CI: 1.202-39.720, P=0.030) in stage I INMA patients. The area under the time-dependent ROC curves for predicting 5-year overall survival after surgery were 0.738 for p53, 0.674 for Ki67, 0.638 for pTNM staging, and 0.587 for histological grade. Among these, p53 demonstrated the highest predictive efficacy. Conclusions:AI-assisted interpretation of P53 and Ki67 indices improves test result repeatability. With critical values of 62% and 20%, high P53 and Ki67 expression indicates poor prognosis, while high P53 expression is an independent risk factor for lower OS and DFS, serving as a reference for postoperative adjuvant therapy screening.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an intelligent handheld ultrasound (US) device for assisting non-expert general practitioners (GPs) in detecting carotid plaques (CPs) in community populations. Methods: This prospective parallel controlled trial recruited 111 consecutive community residents. All of them underwent examinations by non-expert GPs and specialist doctors using handheld US devices (setting A, setting B, and setting C). The results of setting C with specialist doctors were considered the gold standard. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the features of CPs were measured and recorded. The diagnostic performance of GPs in distinguishing CPs was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Inter-observer agreement was compared using the intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC). Questionnaires were completed to evaluate clinical benefits. Results: Among the 111 community residents, 80, 96, and 112 CPs were detected in settings A, B, and C, respectively. Setting B exhibited better diagnostic performance than setting A for detecting CPs (area under the curve, 0.856 vs. 0.749; P<0.01). Setting B had better consistency with setting C than setting A in CIMT measurement and the assessment of CPs (ICC, 0.731 to 0.923). Moreover, measurements in setting B required less time than the other two settings (44.59 seconds vs. 108.87 seconds vs. 126.13 seconds, both P<0.01). Conclusion Using an intelligent handheld US device, GPs can perform CP screening and achieve a diagnostic capability comparable to that of specialist doctors.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an intelligent handheld ultrasound (US) device for assisting non-expert general practitioners (GPs) in detecting carotid plaques (CPs) in community populations. Methods: This prospective parallel controlled trial recruited 111 consecutive community residents. All of them underwent examinations by non-expert GPs and specialist doctors using handheld US devices (setting A, setting B, and setting C). The results of setting C with specialist doctors were considered the gold standard. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the features of CPs were measured and recorded. The diagnostic performance of GPs in distinguishing CPs was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Inter-observer agreement was compared using the intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC). Questionnaires were completed to evaluate clinical benefits. Results: Among the 111 community residents, 80, 96, and 112 CPs were detected in settings A, B, and C, respectively. Setting B exhibited better diagnostic performance than setting A for detecting CPs (area under the curve, 0.856 vs. 0.749; P<0.01). Setting B had better consistency with setting C than setting A in CIMT measurement and the assessment of CPs (ICC, 0.731 to 0.923). Moreover, measurements in setting B required less time than the other two settings (44.59 seconds vs. 108.87 seconds vs. 126.13 seconds, both P<0.01). Conclusion Using an intelligent handheld US device, GPs can perform CP screening and achieve a diagnostic capability comparable to that of specialist doctors.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an intelligent handheld ultrasound (US) device for assisting non-expert general practitioners (GPs) in detecting carotid plaques (CPs) in community populations. Methods: This prospective parallel controlled trial recruited 111 consecutive community residents. All of them underwent examinations by non-expert GPs and specialist doctors using handheld US devices (setting A, setting B, and setting C). The results of setting C with specialist doctors were considered the gold standard. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the features of CPs were measured and recorded. The diagnostic performance of GPs in distinguishing CPs was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Inter-observer agreement was compared using the intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC). Questionnaires were completed to evaluate clinical benefits. Results: Among the 111 community residents, 80, 96, and 112 CPs were detected in settings A, B, and C, respectively. Setting B exhibited better diagnostic performance than setting A for detecting CPs (area under the curve, 0.856 vs. 0.749; P<0.01). Setting B had better consistency with setting C than setting A in CIMT measurement and the assessment of CPs (ICC, 0.731 to 0.923). Moreover, measurements in setting B required less time than the other two settings (44.59 seconds vs. 108.87 seconds vs. 126.13 seconds, both P<0.01). Conclusion Using an intelligent handheld US device, GPs can perform CP screening and achieve a diagnostic capability comparable to that of specialist doctors.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an intelligent handheld ultrasound (US) device for assisting non-expert general practitioners (GPs) in detecting carotid plaques (CPs) in community populations. Methods: This prospective parallel controlled trial recruited 111 consecutive community residents. All of them underwent examinations by non-expert GPs and specialist doctors using handheld US devices (setting A, setting B, and setting C). The results of setting C with specialist doctors were considered the gold standard. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the features of CPs were measured and recorded. The diagnostic performance of GPs in distinguishing CPs was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Inter-observer agreement was compared using the intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC). Questionnaires were completed to evaluate clinical benefits. Results: Among the 111 community residents, 80, 96, and 112 CPs were detected in settings A, B, and C, respectively. Setting B exhibited better diagnostic performance than setting A for detecting CPs (area under the curve, 0.856 vs. 0.749; P<0.01). Setting B had better consistency with setting C than setting A in CIMT measurement and the assessment of CPs (ICC, 0.731 to 0.923). Moreover, measurements in setting B required less time than the other two settings (44.59 seconds vs. 108.87 seconds vs. 126.13 seconds, both P<0.01). Conclusion Using an intelligent handheld US device, GPs can perform CP screening and achieve a diagnostic capability comparable to that of specialist doctors.

ObjectiveTo investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of baicalin for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） in rats and decipher the molecular mechanisms via the nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB）/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway. MethodsSixty SPF-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into six groups： normal control， COPD model， low-dose baicalin， medium-dose baicalin， high-dose baicalin， and budesonide. The normal control group received no treatment， whereas COPD was modeled in other groups with a combined modeling approach involving intratracheal lipopolysaccharide instillation and passive cigarette smoke exposure. The model establishment was evaluated through behavioral observation combined with pathological examination. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to assess histopathological changes in the lung. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines ［interleukin （IL）-6， IL-8， IL-17， IL-22， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， and transforming growth factor （TGF）-β）］， reactive oxygen species （ROS）， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Meanwhile， the levels of IL-6， IL-17， and IL-22 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and IL-10， IL-22， and TNF-α in the lung tissue were measured via ELISA. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to detect the expression of histone deacetylase 2 （HDAC2） and Nrf2. Western blot was performed to evaluate the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （Akt）， glucocorticoid receptor （GR）， NF-κB， HDAC2， and Nrf2 in the lung tissue. Additionally， real-time PCR was conducted to assess the mRNA levels of PI3K， Akt， HDAC2， Nrf2， GR， and NF-κB in the lung tissue. ResultsHE staining revealed that the airway mucosal epithelium in the COPD model group appeared extensive shedding， structural disorganization， and diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells within the lumen. And goblet cells showed compensatory proliferation with pathological hypertrophy of mucus glands. In contrast， inflammatory infiltration and alveolar overdistension were significantly alleviated in the medium- and high-dose baicalin groups. The COPD model group exhibited mucus plug formation within the terminal bronchioles， along with fibrotic narrowing of the bronchial wall. Moreover， the smooth muscle bundles of the bronchial wall were hypertrophic， with concomitant collagen deposition. Progressive dissolution and rupture of alveolar septa were observed， leading to the formation of abnormally enlarged air-filled cavities. However， the bronchial wall structure was largely restored with only mild thickening of the smooth muscle layer in the baicalin groups. Compared with the COPD model group， the medium- and high-dose baicalin groups showed declined ROS and VEGF levels （P<0.05）， and all the baicalin groups presented lowered levels of IL-6， IL-8， IL-17， IL-22， TGF-β， and TNF-α and elevated level of IL-10 （P<0.05）. Baicalin upregulated the protein levels of HDAC2， Nrf2， GR， PI3K， and Akt， while suppressing the protein level of NF-κB （P<0.05）. Furthermore， baicalin increased the mRNA levels of Nrf2 and GR while down-regulating the mRNA level of NF-κB （P<0.05）. ConclusionBaicalin exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory factor NF-κB while enhancing the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor HDAC2 and activating the antioxidant factor Nrf2， thereby alleviating the lung tissue damage in COPD rats. The therapeutic effects of baicalin may be closely associated with its regulatory role in the NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of baicalin for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） in rats and decipher the molecular mechanisms via the nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB）/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway. MethodsSixty SPF-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into six groups： normal control， COPD model， low-dose baicalin， medium-dose baicalin， high-dose baicalin， and budesonide. The normal control group received no treatment， whereas COPD was modeled in other groups with a combined modeling approach involving intratracheal lipopolysaccharide instillation and passive cigarette smoke exposure. The model establishment was evaluated through behavioral observation combined with pathological examination. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to assess histopathological changes in the lung. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines ［interleukin （IL）-6， IL-8， IL-17， IL-22， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， and transforming growth factor （TGF）-β）］， reactive oxygen species （ROS）， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Meanwhile， the levels of IL-6， IL-17， and IL-22 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and IL-10， IL-22， and TNF-α in the lung tissue were measured via ELISA. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to detect the expression of histone deacetylase 2 （HDAC2） and Nrf2. Western blot was performed to evaluate the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （Akt）， glucocorticoid receptor （GR）， NF-κB， HDAC2， and Nrf2 in the lung tissue. Additionally， real-time PCR was conducted to assess the mRNA levels of PI3K， Akt， HDAC2， Nrf2， GR， and NF-κB in the lung tissue. ResultsHE staining revealed that the airway mucosal epithelium in the COPD model group appeared extensive shedding， structural disorganization， and diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells within the lumen. And goblet cells showed compensatory proliferation with pathological hypertrophy of mucus glands. In contrast， inflammatory infiltration and alveolar overdistension were significantly alleviated in the medium- and high-dose baicalin groups. The COPD model group exhibited mucus plug formation within the terminal bronchioles， along with fibrotic narrowing of the bronchial wall. Moreover， the smooth muscle bundles of the bronchial wall were hypertrophic， with concomitant collagen deposition. Progressive dissolution and rupture of alveolar septa were observed， leading to the formation of abnormally enlarged air-filled cavities. However， the bronchial wall structure was largely restored with only mild thickening of the smooth muscle layer in the baicalin groups. Compared with the COPD model group， the medium- and high-dose baicalin groups showed declined ROS and VEGF levels （P<0.05）， and all the baicalin groups presented lowered levels of IL-6， IL-8， IL-17， IL-22， TGF-β， and TNF-α and elevated level of IL-10 （P<0.05）. Baicalin upregulated the protein levels of HDAC2， Nrf2， GR， PI3K， and Akt， while suppressing the protein level of NF-κB （P<0.05）. Furthermore， baicalin increased the mRNA levels of Nrf2 and GR while down-regulating the mRNA level of NF-κB （P<0.05）. ConclusionBaicalin exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory factor NF-κB while enhancing the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor HDAC2 and activating the antioxidant factor Nrf2， thereby alleviating the lung tissue damage in COPD rats. The therapeutic effects of baicalin may be closely associated with its regulatory role in the NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an intelligent handheld ultrasound (US) device for assisting non-expert general practitioners (GPs) in detecting carotid plaques (CPs) in community populations. Methods: This prospective parallel controlled trial recruited 111 consecutive community residents. All of them underwent examinations by non-expert GPs and specialist doctors using handheld US devices (setting A, setting B, and setting C). The results of setting C with specialist doctors were considered the gold standard. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the features of CPs were measured and recorded. The diagnostic performance of GPs in distinguishing CPs was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Inter-observer agreement was compared using the intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC). Questionnaires were completed to evaluate clinical benefits. Results: Among the 111 community residents, 80, 96, and 112 CPs were detected in settings A, B, and C, respectively. Setting B exhibited better diagnostic performance than setting A for detecting CPs (area under the curve, 0.856 vs. 0.749; P<0.01). Setting B had better consistency with setting C than setting A in CIMT measurement and the assessment of CPs (ICC, 0.731 to 0.923). Moreover, measurements in setting B required less time than the other two settings (44.59 seconds vs. 108.87 seconds vs. 126.13 seconds, both P<0.01). Conclusion Using an intelligent handheld US device, GPs can perform CP screening and achieve a diagnostic capability comparable to that of specialist doctors.