ObjectiveTo analyze the infection status of main respiratory pathogens in influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Anji County, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, and to provide a reference for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of respiratory infections. MethodsThroat swab samples were collected from 520 ILI cases in an influenza sentinel surveillance hospital in Anji County of Zhejiang Province from December 2023 to November 2024. Multiplex real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) was used to detect 18 pathogens and their subtypes, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus (Flu A), influenza A (H1N1) virus, influenza A (H3N2) virus, influenza B virus (Flu B), influenza B virus Victoria lineage (BV), influenza B virus Yamagata lineage (BY), coronavirus (CoV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), adenovirus (ADV), human bocavirus (HBoV), enterovirus (EV), rhinovirus (RV), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP). ResultsThe overall positivity rate of pathogens in 520 samples was 33.65%, among which the detection rates of Flu (9.14%), ADV (7.50%), SARS-CoV-2 (6.15%), and EV (3.65%) were relatively high. There were statistically significant differences in the overall positivity rate of pathogens by age and season (all P<0.05). The highest overall positivity rate was observed in the 5‒14 years old group (42.77%), and the overall positivity rate in winter (53.08%) was significantly higher than that in other seasons. ConclusionFrom 2023 to 2024, the main respiratory pathogens detected in ILI cases in Anji County were Flu, ADV, SARS-CoV-2, and EV. The epidemic characteristics showed age and seasonal specificity, so it is necessary to strengthen prevention and control for high-risk populations and epidemic seasons in a targeted manner.

BACKGROUND:Novel biomaterials not only provide the necessary mechanical support but also promote cell proliferation and differentiation,inducing bone regeneration,thereby improving therapeutic outcomes and offering new perspectives and methods for the development of bone regenerative technologies.OBJECTIVE:To visualize the research status and development prospects of biomaterials in the field of bone regeneration through bibliometric methods.METHODS:A total of 500 of the most influential papers on bone regeneration and biomaterials were selected from the Web of Science Core Collection database from inception to September 24,2024.VOSviewer and CiteSpace tools were used for in-depth bibliometric visualization analysis to reveal the research trends and core literature in this field.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Among the selected 500 papers,China and the United States were in a leading position in terms of the number of published papers and citation rates,with ChangJiang being the most prolific author and the journal Acta Biomaterialia publishing the most articles.Bone regeneration and material science is an interdisciplinary research field,covering various disciplines including materials science,biomedical engineering,cell biology,and molecular biology.Research on bone repair materials is shifting from traditional bioinert materials to bioactive materials,which not only provide mechanical support but also promote cell proliferation and differentiation,inducing bone regeneration.Synthetic bone repair materials are gradually replacing traditional materials,becoming the preferred choice for clinical bone graft surgery due to their abundant sources,adjustable physicochemical properties,and lower risks of immune rejection and disease transmission.Researchers are continuously improving the biocompatibility,biomimetic properties,osteoconductivity,and osteoinductivity of these materials to make them closer to natural bone.The frontiers are mainly focused on bioactive ceramics,3D printing,hydrogels,chitosan,hydroxyapatite,and other materials.New materials play a vital role in the field of bone regeneration.With the continuous advancement of materials science and technology,the application prospects of these new materials in the field of bone regeneration are very broad,and they are expected to provide more effective and personalized treatment options for bone defect treatment.

Background: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE), a common complication of advanced cancers, is associated with poor prognosis and reduced quality of life. Although host–tumor interactions are known to drive MPE development, the associated immune dynamics during disease progression remain unclear. Using a Lewis lung carcinoma-induced MPE model in C57BL/6JNidfc mice, we systematically evaluated general parameters and immune cell changes at two-day intervals throughout disease progression. Results: The day of Lewis lung carcinoma cell injection into the pleural space was designated as day 0. By day 10 post-injection (p.i.), MPE-bearing mice exhibited ~ 10% body weight loss, marking the experimental endpoint. Pleural tumor mass and pleural effusion volume were minimal up to day 4 p.i. but increased sharply from day 6 onward.CD45⁺ immune cell counts rose over time, and days 6, 8, and 10 p.i. marked key stages of MPE progression. On day 6, B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells, but not macrophages and neutrophils, increased significantly compared to earlier timepoints. By day 8, all immune cell subsets except T cells exceeded day 6 levels, and at day 10, natural killer cell numbers declined while others continued to increase. Besides, the numbers of CD8⁺ T cells, Th1 cells, regulatory T cells, and M2 macrophages progressively increased from day 6 to 10. Based on these data, days 6 and 10 were defined as early and advanced MPE stages, respectively, with distinct immune phenotypes. In advanced MPE, CD8⁺ T cells displayed reduced IFN-γ, TNF-α, Granzyme B, Perforin, FasL, and Ki-67, but upregulated PD-1 and CTLA-4 relative to early stage. Similarly, Th1 cells showed decreased IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 production along with reduced Ki-67 expression. Advanced-stage M2 macrophages exhibited lower MHC-II levels and impaired phagocytosis, but higher PD-L1 and IL-10 production, while neutrophils showed reduced TNF-α release and phagocytic activity. Conclusions Our findings characterize the temporal immune dynamics associated with MPE progression in a mouse model, revealing a transition from an early immunostimulatory state to a late immunosuppressive state. This study enhances our understanding of MPE immunopathogenesis and provides a foundation for developing precise, stagespecific therapeutic strategies.

BACKGROUND:Novel biomaterials not only provide the necessary mechanical support but also promote cell proliferation and differentiation,inducing bone regeneration,thereby improving therapeutic outcomes and offering new perspectives and methods for the development of bone regenerative technologies.OBJECTIVE:To visualize the research status and development prospects of biomaterials in the field of bone regeneration through bibliometric methods.METHODS:A total of 500 of the most influential papers on bone regeneration and biomaterials were selected from the Web of Science Core Collection database from inception to September 24,2024.VOSviewer and CiteSpace tools were used for in-depth bibliometric visualization analysis to reveal the research trends and core literature in this field.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Among the selected 500 papers,China and the United States were in a leading position in terms of the number of published papers and citation rates,with ChangJiang being the most prolific author and the journal Acta Biomaterialia publishing the most articles.Bone regeneration and material science is an interdisciplinary research field,covering various disciplines including materials science,biomedical engineering,cell biology,and molecular biology.Research on bone repair materials is shifting from traditional bioinert materials to bioactive materials,which not only provide mechanical support but also promote cell proliferation and differentiation,inducing bone regeneration.Synthetic bone repair materials are gradually replacing traditional materials,becoming the preferred choice for clinical bone graft surgery due to their abundant sources,adjustable physicochemical properties,and lower risks of immune rejection and disease transmission.Researchers are continuously improving the biocompatibility,biomimetic properties,osteoconductivity,and osteoinductivity of these materials to make them closer to natural bone.The frontiers are mainly focused on bioactive ceramics,3D printing,hydrogels,chitosan,hydroxyapatite,and other materials.New materials play a vital role in the field of bone regeneration.With the continuous advancement of materials science and technology,the application prospects of these new materials in the field of bone regeneration are very broad,and they are expected to provide more effective and personalized treatment options for bone defect treatment.

ObjectiveTo investigate the detection status of scoliosis and its influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Jiangqiao Town in Jiading District of Shanghai, thereby providing evidence for the prevention and management of scoliosis in children and adolescents. MethodsA stratified cluster random sampling was conducted in March 2025. Three primary schools and two secondary schools in Jiangqiao Town were randomly selected; within each school, 3‒4 entire classes were randomly chosen. Screening was performed in accordance with the criteria specified in GB/T 16133‒2014 Screening for Abnormal Spinal Curvature in Children and Adolescents, and a self-designed structured questionnaire was administered to conduct face-to-face surveys (Cronbach’s α=0.730). ResultsA total of 772 valid questionnaires were collected on-site, representing a 100% response rate. The sample consisted of 413 males (53.50%) and 359 females (46.50%), including 385 primary school students (49.87%) and 387 secondary school students (50.13%). The detection rate of scoliosis in primary and secondary school students was 12.05%. The detection rates were 8.72% for males and 15.88% for females, with the female rate being significantly higher than the male rate (χ²=9.29, P=0.002). For primary and secondary school students, the detection rates were 6.75% and 17.31%, respectively, with the secondary school student rate being significantly higher (χ²=20.31, P<0.001). The results of univariate analysis revealed that students with sufficient sleep and standard sitting postures during reading/writing had a significantly lower scoliosis detection rate compared to those with insufficient sleep and non-standard sitting postures (χ²=5.90, P=0.015 and χ²=5.09, P=0.024). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the detection rate of scoliosis was significantly higher in females than in males (OR=1.846， 95%CI: 1.156‒2.984), and significantly higher in secondary school students than in primary school students (OR=2.722， 95%CI: 1.656‒4.472). ConclusionThe scoliosis detection rate among primary and secondary school students in Jiangqiao Town in Jiading District is relatively high. Females and secondary school students are key populations requiring targeted prevention and control efforts. It is imperative to strengthen health education on scoliosis, promote early screening and diagnosis, and implement timely targeted interventions.

Revision of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is more challenging than primary ACL reconstruction and often yields less favorable outcomes. The European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy (ESSKA) has established a consensus regarding preoperative diagnosis, assessment, and selection criteria for ACL revision surgery. This consensus addresses 18 key issues that are most pertinent to clinical practice, providing guiding recommendations aimed at improving the prognosis of ACL revisions.
Humans ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/methods* ; Arthroscopy/methods* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ; Societies, Medical ; Reoperation ; Consensus ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament/surgery* ; Europe ; Sports Medicine ; Knee Injuries/surgery* ; Knee Joint/surgery*

Pericytes are multifunctional mural cells that surround the abluminal wall of endothelial cells and are associated with vascular development, vascular permeability, and angiogenesis. Additionally, pericytes demonstrate stem cell-like properties and contribute to neuroinflammatory processes. Pericytes have been extensively studied in the central nervous system. However, specific mechanisms underlying its involvement in various physiological and pathological conditions, especially in erectile dysfunction (ED), remain poorly understood. Advancements in in vitro and in vitro techniques, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, are expanding our understanding of pericytes. Recent studies have shown that pericyte dysfunction is considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of vascular and neurological ED. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the specific role of pericytes in ED, focusing on diabetic and neurogenic ED. This article provides a comprehensive review of research findings on PubMed from 2000 to 2023, concerning pericyte dysfunction in the process of ED, offering valuable insights, and suggesting directions for further research.
Pericytes/physiology* ; Humans ; Male ; Penis/innervation* ; Erectile Dysfunction/physiopathology* ; Nerve Regeneration/physiology* ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology* ; Animals ; Angiogenesis

Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide. Radical prostatectomy (RP) is the standard treatment for localized prostate cancer, but the procedure often results in postoperative erectile dysfunction (ED). The poor efficacy of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors after surgery highlights the need to develop new therapies to enhance cavernous nerve regeneration and improve the erectile function of these patients. In the present study, we aimed to examine the potential of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in preserving erectile function in cavernous nerve injury (CNI) mice. We found that HB-EGF expression was reduced significantly on the 1 st day after CNI in penile tissue. Ex vivo and in vitro studies showed that HB-EGF promotes major pelvic ganglion neurite sprouting and neuro-2a (N2a) cell migration. In vivo studies showed that exogenous HB-EGF treatment significantly restored the erectile function of CNI mice to 86.9% of sham levels. Immunofluorescence staining showed that mural and neuronal cells were preserved by inducing cell proliferation and reducing apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production. Western blot analysis showed that HB-EGF upregulated protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and neurotrophic factor expression. Overall, HB-EGF is a major promising therapeutic agent for treating ED in postoperative RP.
Animals ; Male ; Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor/therapeutic use* ; Erectile Dysfunction/etiology* ; Mice ; Penis/drug effects* ; Nerve Regeneration/drug effects* ; Penile Erection/drug effects* ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries/drug therapy* ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Movement/drug effects* ; Prostatectomy/adverse effects* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism*

Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) is one of the common chronic airway inflammatory diseases in children. With the development of epigenetics, research on CARAS has gradually extended from protein levels to molecular levels, such as transcription and post-transcriptional regulation. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation and ferroptosis have emerged as promising research hotspots in recent years, playing crucial roles in tumors, growth and development, and allergic diseases. This paper aims to summarize the characteristics of m6A and ferroptosis, along with their roles in the onset and progression of CARAS in children, thereby providing new insights and strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood CARAS.
Humans ; Adenosine/physiology* ; Asthma/etiology* ; Ferroptosis ; Rhinitis, Allergic/etiology* ; Child

BACKGROUND: Blood glucose and serum albumin have been associated with cardiovascular disease prognosis, but the impact of admission-blood-glucose-to-albumin ratio (AAR) on adverse outcomes in critical ill coronary artery disease (CAD) patients was not investigated. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with CAD were non-consecutively selected from the MIMIC-IV database and categorized into quartiles based on their AAR. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality, and secondary endpoints were in-hospital mortality, acute kidney injury (AKI), and renal replacement therapy (RRT). A restricted cubic splines model and Cox proportional hazard models assessed the association between AAR and adverse outcomes in CAD patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis determined differences in endpoints across subgroups. RESULTS: A total of 8360 patients were included. There were 726 patients (8.7%) died in the hospital and 1944 patients (23%) died at 1 year. The incidence of AKI and RRT was 63% and 4.3%, respectively. High AAR was markedly associated with in-hospital mortality (HR = 1.587, P = 0.003), 1-year mortality (HR = 1.502, P < 0.001), AKI incidence (HR = 1.579, P < 0.001), and RRT (HR = 1.640, P < 0.016) in CAD patients in the completely adjusted Cox proportional hazard model. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis noted substantial differences in all endpoints based on AAR quartiles. Stratified analysis and interaction test demonstrated stable correlations between AAR and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight that AAR may be a potential indicator for assessing in-hospital mortality, 1-year mortality, and adverse renal prognosis in critical CAD patients.