ObjectiveTo analyze the infection status of main respiratory pathogens in influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Anji County, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, and to provide a reference for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of respiratory infections. MethodsThroat swab samples were collected from 520 ILI cases in an influenza sentinel surveillance hospital in Anji County of Zhejiang Province from December 2023 to November 2024. Multiplex real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) was used to detect 18 pathogens and their subtypes, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus (Flu A), influenza A (H1N1) virus, influenza A (H3N2) virus, influenza B virus (Flu B), influenza B virus Victoria lineage (BV), influenza B virus Yamagata lineage (BY), coronavirus (CoV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), adenovirus (ADV), human bocavirus (HBoV), enterovirus (EV), rhinovirus (RV), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP). ResultsThe overall positivity rate of pathogens in 520 samples was 33.65%, among which the detection rates of Flu (9.14%), ADV (7.50%), SARS-CoV-2 (6.15%), and EV (3.65%) were relatively high. There were statistically significant differences in the overall positivity rate of pathogens by age and season (all P<0.05). The highest overall positivity rate was observed in the 5‒14 years old group (42.77%), and the overall positivity rate in winter (53.08%) was significantly higher than that in other seasons. ConclusionFrom 2023 to 2024, the main respiratory pathogens detected in ILI cases in Anji County were Flu, ADV, SARS-CoV-2, and EV. The epidemic characteristics showed age and seasonal specificity, so it is necessary to strengthen prevention and control for high-risk populations and epidemic seasons in a targeted manner.

BACKGROUND:Novel biomaterials not only provide the necessary mechanical support but also promote cell proliferation and differentiation,inducing bone regeneration,thereby improving therapeutic outcomes and offering new perspectives and methods for the development of bone regenerative technologies.OBJECTIVE:To visualize the research status and development prospects of biomaterials in the field of bone regeneration through bibliometric methods.METHODS:A total of 500 of the most influential papers on bone regeneration and biomaterials were selected from the Web of Science Core Collection database from inception to September 24,2024.VOSviewer and CiteSpace tools were used for in-depth bibliometric visualization analysis to reveal the research trends and core literature in this field.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Among the selected 500 papers,China and the United States were in a leading position in terms of the number of published papers and citation rates,with ChangJiang being the most prolific author and the journal Acta Biomaterialia publishing the most articles.Bone regeneration and material science is an interdisciplinary research field,covering various disciplines including materials science,biomedical engineering,cell biology,and molecular biology.Research on bone repair materials is shifting from traditional bioinert materials to bioactive materials,which not only provide mechanical support but also promote cell proliferation and differentiation,inducing bone regeneration.Synthetic bone repair materials are gradually replacing traditional materials,becoming the preferred choice for clinical bone graft surgery due to their abundant sources,adjustable physicochemical properties,and lower risks of immune rejection and disease transmission.Researchers are continuously improving the biocompatibility,biomimetic properties,osteoconductivity,and osteoinductivity of these materials to make them closer to natural bone.The frontiers are mainly focused on bioactive ceramics,3D printing,hydrogels,chitosan,hydroxyapatite,and other materials.New materials play a vital role in the field of bone regeneration.With the continuous advancement of materials science and technology,the application prospects of these new materials in the field of bone regeneration are very broad,and they are expected to provide more effective and personalized treatment options for bone defect treatment.

ObjectiveTo investigate the detection status of scoliosis and its influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Jiangqiao Town in Jiading District of Shanghai, thereby providing evidence for the prevention and management of scoliosis in children and adolescents. MethodsA stratified cluster random sampling was conducted in March 2025. Three primary schools and two secondary schools in Jiangqiao Town were randomly selected; within each school, 3‒4 entire classes were randomly chosen. Screening was performed in accordance with the criteria specified in GB/T 16133‒2014 Screening for Abnormal Spinal Curvature in Children and Adolescents, and a self-designed structured questionnaire was administered to conduct face-to-face surveys (Cronbach’s α=0.730). ResultsA total of 772 valid questionnaires were collected on-site, representing a 100% response rate. The sample consisted of 413 males (53.50%) and 359 females (46.50%), including 385 primary school students (49.87%) and 387 secondary school students (50.13%). The detection rate of scoliosis in primary and secondary school students was 12.05%. The detection rates were 8.72% for males and 15.88% for females, with the female rate being significantly higher than the male rate (χ²=9.29, P=0.002). For primary and secondary school students, the detection rates were 6.75% and 17.31%, respectively, with the secondary school student rate being significantly higher (χ²=20.31, P<0.001). The results of univariate analysis revealed that students with sufficient sleep and standard sitting postures during reading/writing had a significantly lower scoliosis detection rate compared to those with insufficient sleep and non-standard sitting postures (χ²=5.90, P=0.015 and χ²=5.09, P=0.024). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the detection rate of scoliosis was significantly higher in females than in males (OR=1.846， 95%CI: 1.156‒2.984), and significantly higher in secondary school students than in primary school students (OR=2.722， 95%CI: 1.656‒4.472). ConclusionThe scoliosis detection rate among primary and secondary school students in Jiangqiao Town in Jiading District is relatively high. Females and secondary school students are key populations requiring targeted prevention and control efforts. It is imperative to strengthen health education on scoliosis, promote early screening and diagnosis, and implement timely targeted interventions.

Background: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE), a common complication of advanced cancers, is associated with poor prognosis and reduced quality of life. Although host–tumor interactions are known to drive MPE development, the associated immune dynamics during disease progression remain unclear. Using a Lewis lung carcinoma-induced MPE model in C57BL/6JNidfc mice, we systematically evaluated general parameters and immune cell changes at two-day intervals throughout disease progression. Results: The day of Lewis lung carcinoma cell injection into the pleural space was designated as day 0. By day 10 post-injection (p.i.), MPE-bearing mice exhibited ~ 10% body weight loss, marking the experimental endpoint. Pleural tumor mass and pleural effusion volume were minimal up to day 4 p.i. but increased sharply from day 6 onward.CD45⁺ immune cell counts rose over time, and days 6, 8, and 10 p.i. marked key stages of MPE progression. On day 6, B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells, but not macrophages and neutrophils, increased significantly compared to earlier timepoints. By day 8, all immune cell subsets except T cells exceeded day 6 levels, and at day 10, natural killer cell numbers declined while others continued to increase. Besides, the numbers of CD8⁺ T cells, Th1 cells, regulatory T cells, and M2 macrophages progressively increased from day 6 to 10. Based on these data, days 6 and 10 were defined as early and advanced MPE stages, respectively, with distinct immune phenotypes. In advanced MPE, CD8⁺ T cells displayed reduced IFN-γ, TNF-α, Granzyme B, Perforin, FasL, and Ki-67, but upregulated PD-1 and CTLA-4 relative to early stage. Similarly, Th1 cells showed decreased IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 production along with reduced Ki-67 expression. Advanced-stage M2 macrophages exhibited lower MHC-II levels and impaired phagocytosis, but higher PD-L1 and IL-10 production, while neutrophils showed reduced TNF-α release and phagocytic activity. Conclusions Our findings characterize the temporal immune dynamics associated with MPE progression in a mouse model, revealing a transition from an early immunostimulatory state to a late immunosuppressive state. This study enhances our understanding of MPE immunopathogenesis and provides a foundation for developing precise, stagespecific therapeutic strategies.

BACKGROUND:Novel biomaterials not only provide the necessary mechanical support but also promote cell proliferation and differentiation,inducing bone regeneration,thereby improving therapeutic outcomes and offering new perspectives and methods for the development of bone regenerative technologies.OBJECTIVE:To visualize the research status and development prospects of biomaterials in the field of bone regeneration through bibliometric methods.METHODS:A total of 500 of the most influential papers on bone regeneration and biomaterials were selected from the Web of Science Core Collection database from inception to September 24,2024.VOSviewer and CiteSpace tools were used for in-depth bibliometric visualization analysis to reveal the research trends and core literature in this field.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Among the selected 500 papers,China and the United States were in a leading position in terms of the number of published papers and citation rates,with ChangJiang being the most prolific author and the journal Acta Biomaterialia publishing the most articles.Bone regeneration and material science is an interdisciplinary research field,covering various disciplines including materials science,biomedical engineering,cell biology,and molecular biology.Research on bone repair materials is shifting from traditional bioinert materials to bioactive materials,which not only provide mechanical support but also promote cell proliferation and differentiation,inducing bone regeneration.Synthetic bone repair materials are gradually replacing traditional materials,becoming the preferred choice for clinical bone graft surgery due to their abundant sources,adjustable physicochemical properties,and lower risks of immune rejection and disease transmission.Researchers are continuously improving the biocompatibility,biomimetic properties,osteoconductivity,and osteoinductivity of these materials to make them closer to natural bone.The frontiers are mainly focused on bioactive ceramics,3D printing,hydrogels,chitosan,hydroxyapatite,and other materials.New materials play a vital role in the field of bone regeneration.With the continuous advancement of materials science and technology,the application prospects of these new materials in the field of bone regeneration are very broad,and they are expected to provide more effective and personalized treatment options for bone defect treatment.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative joint disease and a major cause of pain and disability, particularly in middle-aged and older adults. OA is now recognized as a whole-joint disorder involving articular cartilage, synovium, subchondral bone, the meniscus, the infrapatellar fat pad, and the local inflammatory microenvironment. In addition to mechanical factors, metabolic abnormalities such as obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia are increasingly recognized as contributors to OA onset and progression. Obesity can increase mechanical joint loading, whereas metabolic abnormalities alter cellular metabolism and inflammatory responses within joint tissues. However, the molecular mechanisms by which metabolic stress leads to persistent cellular dysfunction and tissue damage remain incompletely understood. Protein acylation links cellular metabolism to chromatin regulation and protein function. Its dynamic balance is influenced by acyl-donor availability, cellular redox status, mitochondrial activity, glycolytic flux, and the activities of acyltransferases and deacylases. In OA, mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced glycolysis, lactate accumulation, altered acyl-CoA metabolism, and dysregulated NAD⁺-dependent deacylation may reshape histone and non-histone protein acylation. These changes have been implicated in inflammatory gene expression, extracellular matrix metabolism, mitochondrial quality control, chondrocyte senescence, ferroptosis susceptibility, and synovial immune dysfunction. Recent studies increasingly focus on defined acylation sites, target proteins, regulatory enzymes, and cell-type-specific effects. Acetylation and deacetylation are involved in OA-related processes. sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated regulation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 acetylation is associated with inflammatory and catabolic responses, whereas histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)-dependent control of Parkin acetylation links matrix stiffening to excessive mitophagy and chondrocyte senescence. SIRT3-related pathways connect nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺)-dependent deacetylation with mitochondrial DNA integrity, mitochondrial renewal, and metabolic remodeling, while SIRT6 has been implicated in inflammation and cellular senescence. Lactylation has emerged as another important direction in OA research. Histone H3 lysine 18 (H3K18) lactylation is associated with glycolysis-related transcription through the lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA)-H3K18la-triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1) axis. UGDH K6 lactylation impairs glycosaminoglycan synthesis and promotes matrix damage, whereas H4K12 lactylation has been linked to chondrocyte senescence and autophagy inhibition. In the synovial microenvironment, cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b) lactylation in macrophages impairs efferocytosis and contributes to sustained inflammation under hyperglycemic conditions. In contrast, H3K56 lactylation has been associated with increased type II collagen synthesis in a post-traumatic OA model, indicating that lactylation effects depend on the modified site, target, cell state, and disease context. SIRT5-related malonylation and succinylation provide additional links between acylation and metabolic dysfunction in OA. Increased protein malonylation and reduced SIRT5 activity are associated with disturbed glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, and carbon metabolism in chondrocytes. SIRT5-mediated acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) desuccinylation has been linked to reduced lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis susceptibility. By contrast, OA-specific evidence for crotonylation remains limited and centers on crotonylation-related metabolic genes such as glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) rather than defined functional acylation sites. This review summarizes current evidence linking metabolic dysregulation to acylation regulation in OA. Collectively, available studies indicate that shared metabolic disturbances reshape distinct acylation programs across joint cell types, producing modification- and site-specific effects on cellular function and tissue homeostasis. However, evidence strength varies among acylation types, particularly regarding defined functional sites and in vivo causality. Further site-specific and in vivo studies are needed to clarify which acylation changes actively contribute to OA progression and to evaluate their mechanistic and therapeutic relevance.

Objective:To evaluate the role of ZIP7 in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy in mice.Methods:Ninety wild-type and 90 cardiomyocyte-specific knockout ZIP7 (ZIP7 cKO) male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 2 groups using a random number table method: wild-type sham operation group (Sham group) and wild-type sepsis group (Sep group), ZIP7 cKO sham operation group (cKO + Sham group) and ZIP7 cKO sepsis group (cKO + Sep group), with 45 mice in each group. The sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy model was developed using the cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized mice. Twenty mice were randomly selected to record the survival for 10 days postoperatively. At 18 h after surgery, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (LVFS) were measured by echocardiography, and serum concentrations of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The contents of hydroxyl radical (·OH) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO -) were determined using a colorimetric assay, the morphology of myocardial mitochondria was observed with a transmission electron microscope, and the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitofusin-2 (Mfn2), and optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) in myocardial tissues was detected using Western blot. Results:Compared to Sham group, the survival rate, LVEF and LVFS were significantly decreased, serum concentrations of cTnT, TNF-α and IL-6 were increased, the contents of ·OH and ONOO - in myocardial tissues were increased, the expression of Drp1 was up-regulated, the expression of Mfn2 and Opa1 was down-regulated ( P<0.05), myocardial cells exhibited mitochondrial swelling, and marked destruction of mitochondrial cristae was observed in Sep group, and no significant differences were found in the aforementioned parameters in cKO+ Sham group ( P>0.05). Compared to Sep group, the survival rate, LVEF and LVFS were significantly increased, serum concentrations of cTnT, TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased, the contents of ·OH and ONOO - in myocardial tissues were decreased, the expression of Drp1 was down-regulated, the expression of Mfn2 and Opa1 was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and mitochondrial swelling in myocardial cells was mild, with less dissolution and destruction of mitochondrial cristae in cKO+ Sep group. Conclusions:Myocardial ZIP7 can promote mitochondrial fusion and inhibit mitochondrial fission, potentially contributing to the mechanism of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy in mice.

Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a frequently encountered acute abdominal syndrome in clinical settings,and the integrated model of traditional Chinese and Western medicine(TCM-WM)has demonstrated notable advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of AP.To systematize and standardize clinical practices related to develop clinical pathway for integrated TCM-WM diagnosis and treatment of AP,which enhances the efficiency and quality of patient care.This pathway focuses on AP,a common acute and life-threatening disease within the digestive system,and outlines that the central pathological mechanism involves pancreatic injury and localized inflammation resulting from the abnormal activation of pancreatic enzymes.It has the characteristics of rapid onset,multiple causes,and complex manifestations.Severe cases can be life-threatening.At present,conventional treatments encompass a diverse range of modalities.Moreover,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)holds distinct advantages in alleviating relevant symptoms,and TCM-WM is gaining increasing prevalence.To enhance the standardization and consistency of diagnostic and therapeutic practices,this clinical pathway clearly delineates the target patient population,which includes individuals diagnosed with abdominal pain disorder according to TCM and with AP in accordance with WM criteria,as well as the corresponding inclusion standards.The diagnostic framework integrates both TCM and WM guidelines,and further incorporates disease staging,severity grading,and syndrome differentiation to support a comprehensive and integrated diagnostic strategy.The treatment integrates approaches from both TCM and WM.Within the WM framework,interventions consist of basic supportive care,infection control,nutritional support,and the management of complications.In the context of TCM,the protocol includes syndrome differentiation and corresponding therapeutic strategies(Distinct syndrome patterns are identified and managed during the acute and convalescent phases),such as acupuncture and retention enema.This clinical pathway addresses multiple key components,including preventive strategies,post-treatment follow-up,criteria for evaluating therapeutic efficacy,admission and discharge,admission examination protocols,discharge criteria,and the rationale for deviations or withdrawal from the pathway.It is designed to provide a systematic and standardized reference framework for relevant clinical practices.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and infection sources of cholera in China from 2005 to 2024.Methods:A total of 2 066 cholera cases were included in the study, which were obtained from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System (CDPCIS) of China CDC. The information on cholera clusters was downloaded from the National Public Health Emergency Event Surveillance System (PHEESS) of China CDC. A total of 128 cholera clusters were included and analyzed in this study. The epidemiological characteristics and infection sources of cholera were analyzed. The Jointpoint model was applied to analyze the incidence trend, and annual percentage change (APC) was also quantified.Results:From 2005 to 2024, a total of 2 066 cholera cases were reported, with an average of 103 cases reported annually. Specifically, the incidence showed a marked downward trend from 2004 to 2015 ( APC=-26.78%, P=0.006). During 2015-2024, the disease remained at low endemic levels, with an average of 18 reported cases annually ( APC=-2.68%, P=0.807). Cholera peak season was from May to October. A total of 24 provinces reported cholera cases, which were mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Beijing, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangdong, and Hainan provinces, accounting for 78.03% of the total cases. Pathogen surveillance indicated an alternating prevalence of Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 among laboratory-confirmed cases between 2005 and 2024. There was a disparity in the dominant serogroup of Vibrio cholerae by region. The results from 128 cholera clusters indicated that cholera outbreaks frequently occurred in rural banquets (64.84%), followed by regular restaurants (13.28%). Among these, 63 clusters (49.22%) with identified infection sources indicated that foodborne transmission (95.24%) was the primary mode of cholera transmission, which mainly through seafood and aquatic products, such as soft-shelled turtles, shrimp and shellfish. The characteristics of cholera clusters caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 showed statistically significant differences in scale, attack rate, place of residence, setting, and infection source ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Cholera incidence has remained consistently low since 2015 in China, mainly in sporadic cases. Rural gatherings (e.g., wedding banquets) are the main settings for cholera clusters. The main infection sources are predominantly caused by cross-contamination due to improper processing practices of aquatic products, such as soft-shelled turtles.

Objective:To analyze the pangenome, pan drug resistance genes, pan virulence genes, pan replicons, and others of the plasmids carried by hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) in the world and their evolutionary trends over time, and provide evidence for more comprehensive understanding of the evolution of genetic diversity, drug resistance genes, and virulence genes of the plasmids. Methods:From the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, a total 1 738 plasmids were screened from 524 strains with completed genome sequences in 2 136 strains of hvKP carrying plasmids. Through pangenome, pan drug resistance gene, and pan-virulence gene composition and functional analyses, the curves of pangenome size and new gene size against plasmid isolation time were established, revealing the diversity of the plasmid pangenome and its evolutionary patterns.Results:The homologous genes, homologous drug resistance genes, homologous virulence genes, and replicons of the plasmids carried by hvKP comprised of 12 906, 149, 107 and 89 types, respectively. The fitting curves for the number of new genes, new drug resistance genes and new replicons increased with the increase of plasmids in an open state, while the curve for novel virulence genes was in a closed state. A obvious increase in new drug resistance genes was observed during 2018-2019. Among the newly added drug resistance genes during 2021-2023, beside those conferring aminoglycoside resistance, they were mainly new subtypes conferring carbapenem resistance.Conclusions:The pangenome of plasmids carried by hvKP exhibited high diversity, with the plasmid pan genes, pan drug resistance genes, and pan replicon types gradually expanding, while the pan virulence genes remains stable. The increase in novel drug resistance genes in specific years and the emergence of new carbapenem-resistant gene subtypes during 2021-2023 suggested the need for strengthened drug resistance surveillance and prevention efforts, with particular attention to carbapenem resistance.