To summarize the clinical experience of Professor LIU Jinmin in treatment for epilepsy. It is believed that main pathogenesis of epilepsy is yangming failure to close and vital activity loss control， so a therapeutic approach focused on restoring the closure of yangming and regaining vital activity was proposed for the treatment of epilepsy. For excess syndrome， the treatment focuses on draining excess and descending qi， promoting purgation and restoring spirit. When yangming dryness-heat predominates， the approach involves unblock the bowels and regulating the spirit， descending qi and reducing fire， with modified Chengqi Decoction （承气汤） as prescription； when yangming phlegm-fire predominates， the treatment focuses on clearing heat and resolving phlegm， calming mind and suppressing fright， with modified Qingxin Wendan Decoction （清心温胆汤） as prescription； when yangming blood stasis predominates， the approach involves breaking up blood stasis and promoting purgation， eliminating stasis and awakening the mind， with Taoren Chengqi Decoction （桃核承气汤） as prescription. For deficiency syndrome， the treatment emphasizes tonifying deficiency and raising qi， strengthening the stomach and nourishing the spirit. When center qi deficiency and sinking of clear qi of the nutrients from food， the approach involves replenishing and uplifting qi while nourishing vital activity， with modified Liujunzi Decoction （六君子汤） as prescription； when yin deficiency and fluid consumption， the treatment focuses on nourishing stomach and tonifying yin， promoting fluid production and calming the spirit， with modified Maimendong Decoction （麦门冬汤） combined with Yiwei Decoction （益胃汤） as prescriptions. In clinical situations of deficiency-excess complex， it is essential to distinguish the primary condition from the secondary， applying both supplementing and draining methods flexibly to achieve optimal treatment.

In recent years, the roles of mitochondrial RNA and its associated human diseases have been reported to increase significantly. Treatments based on mtRNA metabolic processes and nuclear gene mutations are thus discussed. The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation process is affected by mtRNA metabolism, including mtRNA production, maturation, stabilization, and degradation, which leads to a variety of inherited human mitochondrial diseases. Moreover, mitochondrial diseases are caused by mitochondrial messenger RNA, mitochondrial transfer RNA, and mitochondrial ribosomal RNA gene mutations. This review presents the molecular mechanisms of human mtRNA metabolism and pathological mutations in mtRNA metabolism-related nuclear-encoded/nonencoded genes and mitochondrial DNA mutations to highlight the importance of mitochondrial RNA-related diseases and treatments.
Humans ; Mitochondrial Diseases/therapy* ; RNA, Mitochondrial ; RNA/genetics* ; Mitochondria/genetics* ; Mutation/genetics* ; RNA, Transfer/genetics* ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics*

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a highly aggressive subtype of lung cancer that originates from pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, accounts for 10% to 15% of all lung cancers. It is characterized by a high rate of early metastasis and extremely poor prognosis, often accompanied by challenges such as drug resistance and recurrence. Related researches indicates that the Notch signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of SCLC by regulating processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In SCLC, abnormal Notch signaling may promote tumor malignancy and the occurrence of drug resistance. Additionally, the Notch pathway is involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of SCLC and influences immune escape mechanisms through interactions with the tumor immune microenvironment. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of Notch signaling in SCLC, including the roles of its receptors and ligands, signal transduction processes, and its role in tumorigenesis. It also discusses the research progress of Notch signaling as a potential therapeutic target and looks forward to future research directions in this field.
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Humans ; Receptors, Notch/genetics* ; Signal Transduction ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/pathology* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Animals

Objective To investigate the value of magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction(MRI-PDFF)in evaluating hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Methods The patients,aged>16 years,who visited the outpatient service or were hospitalized in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 and were diagnosed with chronic HBV infection were enrolled,and all patients underwent MRI examination of the liver in our hospital.The patients were divided into groups based on the presence or absence of liver cirrhosis,and the consistency in PDFF between different hepatic segments was compared between groups.The Kappa consistency test and intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)were used for consistency analysis.Results A total of 76 patients treated with nucleoside analogues were enrolled,among whom 23(30.26％)had liver cirrhosis.For all patients,the simple arithmetic average of PDFF fluctuated between 1.49％and 30.93％.According to MRI-PDFF≥5％as the diagnostic criterion for fatty liver disease,there were 29 patients(38.16％)with fatty liver disease among all patients.For all 76 patients,the simple arithmetic average of PDFF was lower than the weighted average of PDFF for the whole liver,and there was no significant difference between the simple arithmetic average of PDFF,the weighted average of PDFF,and the PDFF values of the left and right lobes of the liver(F=0.39,P=0.76).The consistency test showed that the PDFF values of each hepatic segment and the left and right lobes of the liver had strong consistency with the weighted average and simple arithmetic average of PDFF,with an ICC of>0.75,but the consistency between the PDFF value of the right lobe and the weighted average of PDFF was higher than that between the PDFF value of the left lobe and the weighted average of PDFF.In the consistency test of differentiating fatty liver disease in patients with liver cirrhosis,there was poor consistency between the PDFF value of segment Ⅶ and the weighted average of PDFF(Kappa=0.39),with moderate consistency for the left lobe and the Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,and Ⅷ segments.For the patients with liver cirrhosis,the lowest consistency was observed between the PDFF value of Ⅶ segment and the weighted average of PDFF for the whole liver,and the highest consistency was observed between the PDFF value of Ⅵ segment and the weighted average of PDFF for the whole liver.For the patients without liver cirrhosis,the lowest consistency was observed between the PDFF value of Ⅱ segment and the weighted average of PDFF for the whole liver,and the highest consistency was observed between the PDFF value of Ⅴ segment and the weighted average of PDFF for the whole liver.Conclusion MRI-PDFF is more comprehensive in evaluating hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic HBV infection,and for the patients with liver cirrhosis,there is poor consistency between the PDFF value of each segment and the weighted average of PDFF.

ObjectiveTo analyze the satisfaction of service recipients with the preliminary assessment service of the unified elderly care needs evaluation in Shanghai， so as to provide reference for further optimization of the service system. MethodsA multi-stage random sampling method was employed to recruit participants. A total of 110 individuals who had received unified elderly care needs evaluation service in six districts of Shanghai were investigated using a structured questionnaire. SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze the data. Univariate analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test and Fisher’s precision probability test， while multivariate analysis was performed using ordinal regression. ResultsThere were differences in satisfaction with various aspects of the preliminary assessment process among participants from different areas， with those from outer suburbs generally exhibiting lower satisfaction （P<0.01）. Multivariate analysis results indicated that satisfaction with the timing of the preliminary assessment was related to the service recipients’ residential area and their primary source of income； satisfaction with the service attitude and capability of the assessment personnel was only related to the residential area. Satisfaction with the preliminary evaluation results was related to the participants’ marital status， educational level， income level， and the specific rating results. ConclusionThe satisfaction level with the preliminary assessment of the unified elderly care needs assessment in Shanghai is relatively high. In the process of evaluation， a deeper analysis and exploration of individual needs based on various personal information are essential to ensure the appropriateness of the provided elderly care services， and thereby effectively enhancing recipient satisfaction.

ObjectiveTo clarify the perception of the work and satisfaction levels among personnel conducting unified elderly care needs assessment in Shanghai， to analyze the factors influencing their job satisfaction， and to provide references for optimizing the job satisfaction of unified elderly care needs assessment personnel in Shanghai. MethodsA survey was conducted among 93 assessment personnel randomly selected from 29 elderly care needs assessment agencies in Shanghai. The personnel’s perception of their work and their levels of job satisfaction were examined. Chi-square test and Fisher’s precision probability test were used to compare regional differences， while the two-factor theory was employed to analyze the factors influencing job satisfaction. ResultsRegarding perception of the work， 92.5% of the surveyed personnel believed their work was important. Moreover， 87.1% were interested in their assessment tasks， and 84.9% believed they made a positive contribution to the assessment work and the assessment position was in line with their personal preferences. Regarding job satisfaction， 83.9% of the participants were satisfied with their assessment work， 78.5% considered the workload appropriate， and 74.2% found the working hours suitable. Additionally， 65.6% expressed satisfaction with the level of cooperation from the assessment subjects， while 94.6% and 91.4% of the personnel were satisfied with the support provided by the assessment agencies and had a sense of belonging， respectively. Furthermore， 65.6% of the personnel expressed satisfaction with their job compensation and benefits. Hygiene factors affecting job satisfaction included salary and compensation， workload， time spent on the job and institutional support related to external assistance， job suitability， teamwork， and client cooperation （P<0.05）， while motivational factors included recognition of the significance of the job， sense of achievement， interest in the job， sense of belonging， and opportunities for personal growth （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe overall work cognition and satisfaction of unified elderly care needs assessment personnel in Shanghai towards their work are relatively positive. Main issues include the heavy workload and actual job subsidies not meeting expectations. It is recommended to improve the standardization of the assessment process， establish a professional team of assessment personnel， and enhance the compensation and incentive mechanisms to continuously increase staff satisfaction.

ObjectiveTo visually analyze the current status, hot spots and frontiers of the researches on transcranial magnetic stimulation for stroke in recent five years. MethodsLiterature related to transcranial magnetic stimulation for stroke were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022, and a visualized analysis was performed using CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software. ResultsThe number of published papers increased year by year, the most prolific author was Abo Masahiro, the country with the largest number of articles was China, and Sun Yat-sen University published the most papers. The hot keywords were cerebral cortex, functional magnetic resonance imaging, cortical excitability, plasticity, etc. The top five keywords of bursting strength were unilateral spatial neglect, poststroke, neuropathic pain, cortical plasticity, and trancallosal inhibition. ConclusionThe popularity of studies on transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of stroke is increasing year by year. In the future, attention can be paid to the therapeutic effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on unilateral spatial neglect, neuropathic pain, etc. Additionally, the influence of transcranial magnetic stimulation on cortical plasticity can be further studied.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) in the inhibition of TNF-α secretion in CD4 + IFN-γ + T cells (Th1) through CD73/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) pathway to reduce liver injury in mice with graft versus-host disease (GVHD). Methods:Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to analyze the expression of TNF-α in Th1 cells and the expression of PD-1 on CD4 + IFN-γ + TNF-α + T cells (TNF-α + Th1 cells) isolated from peripheral blood and liver tissues of mice with GVHD. Hematoxylin-hosin (HE) staining, Masson staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the pathological changes in liver tissues of GVHD mice in each group. HE staining was also used to observe the pathological changes in skin and lung tissues of GVHD mice. A nonconditional protocol to induce the differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into Th1 cells in vitro was established. The proportion of TNF-α + Th1 cells and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of Nrf2 and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B (p-NF-κB) in this T cell subgroup were detected. Results:Compared with the normal control group, the proportion of TNF-α + Th1 cells and the expression of PD-1 on this T cells in peripheral blood and liver tissues of mice in the GVHD high group increased significantly ( P<0.01). The proportion of TNF-α + Th1 cells in peripheral blood and liver tissues decreased after hPMSCs treatment ( P<0.001), but the expression of PD-1 on this T cell subset was promoted in peripheral blood and liver tissues ( P<0.01, P<0.001). However, the intervention effects of shCD73 on TNF-α + Th1 cells in peripheral blood and liver tissues were significantly weakened ( P<0.05, P<0.01). Liver histopathological analysis showed that the proportion of TNF-α + Th1 cells in liver was positively correlated with Suzuki′s score, collagen area and the MFI of α-SMA ( P<0.001). Similarly, histopathological analysis of skin and lung tissues also showed that the proportion of TNF-α + Th1 cells in peripheral blood was positively correlated with skin Marina score and lung Shukai Qiao score ( P<0.001). In vitro experiment also showed that hPMSCs down-regulated the proportion of TNF-α + Th1 cells ( P<0.01) and up-regulated the expression of PD-1 on them ( P<0.05). Further analysis showed that hPMSCs could enhance the MFI of Nrf2 ( P<0.05) and weaken the MFI of p-NF-κB ( P<0.01) in TNF-α + Th1 cells. Conclusions:hPMSCs could up-regulate the expression of PD-1 through CD73/Nrf2 pathway to inhibit the formation of TNF-α + Th1 cells, thereby alleviating liver injury in GVHD mice.

Objective:To investigate the changes of biventricular myocardial strain in amateur marathon runners using the cardiac MR feature tracking (CMR-FT) technique.Methods:Forty-one amateur marathon runners (marathon exercise group) and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers (control group) were recruited according to the inclusion criteria. After the kinematic parameters were obtained, all subjects underwent a CMR cine sequence imaging. The CMR images were post-processed using CVI42 software. The biventricular function parameters including end-diastole/end-systolic volume (EDV/ESV), end-diastole/end-systolic volume index (EDVI/ESVI), end-diastole/end-systolic myocardial mass (MMD/MMS), end-diastole/end-systolic myocardial mass index (MMDI/MMSI), stroke volume and index (SV/SVI), cardiac index (CI) and ejection fraction (EF), as well as the biventricular myocardial strain parameters including global radial/circumferential/longitudinal strain (GRS/GCS/GLS), global radial/circumferential/longitudinal diastolic strain rate (GRSDr/GCSDr/GLSDr) were measured and calculated. Demographic data, kinematic index, cardiac function and myocardial strain parameters were compared between the two groups.Results:Compared with the control group, the exercise group showed significant decrease heart rates ( P<0.001). It was found that the left ventricular function parameters (ESVI, MMD, MMDI, MMS, MMSI) and the right ventricular function parameters (EDVI, ESVI) of the exercise group were significantly higher than those of control group (all P<0.05); while the left ventricular strain parameters (GCS, GRSDr, GCSDr, GLSDr) and the right ventricular strain parameters (GRSDr, GLSDr) were of the exercise group were significantly lower than those of control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Amateur marathon runners have lower myocardial strain capacity and higher left ventricular myocardial mass. The ventricular diastolic strain rate may sensitively reflect the compensatory changes of ventricular function with the normal ejection fraction.