In recent years, the roles of mitochondrial RNA and its associated human diseases have been reported to increase significantly. Treatments based on mtRNA metabolic processes and nuclear gene mutations are thus discussed. The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation process is affected by mtRNA metabolism, including mtRNA production, maturation, stabilization, and degradation, which leads to a variety of inherited human mitochondrial diseases. Moreover, mitochondrial diseases are caused by mitochondrial messenger RNA, mitochondrial transfer RNA, and mitochondrial ribosomal RNA gene mutations. This review presents the molecular mechanisms of human mtRNA metabolism and pathological mutations in mtRNA metabolism-related nuclear-encoded/nonencoded genes and mitochondrial DNA mutations to highlight the importance of mitochondrial RNA-related diseases and treatments.
Humans ; Mitochondrial Diseases/therapy* ; RNA, Mitochondrial ; RNA/genetics* ; Mitochondria/genetics* ; Mutation/genetics* ; RNA, Transfer/genetics* ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics*

In the global public health field,healthcare-associated infection(HAI)has become one of the important factors affecting patient safety,decreasing medical quality,and increasing medical expense.This paper comprehen-sively analyzes relevant research in recent years,deeply explores the relationship between the use of different types of drugs and HAI,including antimicrobial agents,immunosuppressants,and proton pump inhibitors,aiming to systematically review the risk factors and pathogenicity of drug-related HAI in hospitalized patients both domestica-lly and internationally,so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of HAI.

Objective:To study the risk factors and the molecular epidemiology characteristics for Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE) colonization in neonatal inpatients in Shenzhen region, China, which provide reference for the prevention and control of clinical CRE infection.Methods:This study is a prospective case-control study.Anal samples from inpatients between January 2023 and December 2023 at Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College and Shenzhen Children's Hospital were collected for screening CRE strain. Drug susceptibility test, modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM) test, drug resistance-related gene sequencing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were performed for isolated CRE strains.Meanwhile, the clinical data were collected for analyzing the risk factors of CRE intestinal colonization by multivariate regression analysis.Results:A total of 1 517 patients were screened, 26 CRE(1.7%, 26/1 517) were identified which including 14 Escherichia coli(53.8%, 14/26), 11 Klebsiella pneumoniae(42.3%, 11/26), 1 Enterobacter cloacae(3.9%, 1/26). The predominant carbapenemase gene was New Delhi Metallo(NDM) (92.4%, 24/26), followed by Imipenem (IMP) (3.8%, 1/26) and Guiana extended spectrum gene (GES) (3.8%, 1/26).Among the carried NDM resistance genes, New Delhi Metallo 5 (NDM5) was the main one, accounting for 84.6% (22/26).The MLST typing of Escherichia coli was mainly Sequence Type 48 (ST48) (6/14), while that of Klebsiella pneumoniae was mainly Sequence Type 35 (ST35) (10/11). All CRE isolates were resistant to penicillin, penicillinase inhibitors, cephalosporins, ertapenem and imipenem.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli to amikacin, levofloxacin was 1/14, 4/14, respectively. All isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were sensitive to amikacin, and the resistance rate to levofloxacin is 1/11. Risk factors for CRE colonization include the older age, length of hospital stay, tracheal intubation, invasive respiration, lumbar puncture, Apgar <7 score, and exposure to antibiotics.Conclusions:NDM5 is the predominant resistant gene in CRE isolated from neonatal patients feces in Shenzhen region.It is necessary to strengthen the screening of CRE colonization in neonate for prevention and control of CRE infection.

In the global public health field,healthcare-associated infection(HAI)has become one of the important factors affecting patient safety,decreasing medical quality,and increasing medical expense.This paper comprehen-sively analyzes relevant research in recent years,deeply explores the relationship between the use of different types of drugs and HAI,including antimicrobial agents,immunosuppressants,and proton pump inhibitors,aiming to systematically review the risk factors and pathogenicity of drug-related HAI in hospitalized patients both domestica-lly and internationally,so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of HAI.

Objective:To study the risk factors and the molecular epidemiology characteristics for Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE) colonization in neonatal inpatients in Shenzhen region, China, which provide reference for the prevention and control of clinical CRE infection.Methods:This study is a prospective case-control study.Anal samples from inpatients between January 2023 and December 2023 at Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College and Shenzhen Children's Hospital were collected for screening CRE strain. Drug susceptibility test, modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM) test, drug resistance-related gene sequencing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were performed for isolated CRE strains.Meanwhile, the clinical data were collected for analyzing the risk factors of CRE intestinal colonization by multivariate regression analysis.Results:A total of 1 517 patients were screened, 26 CRE(1.7%, 26/1 517) were identified which including 14 Escherichia coli(53.8%, 14/26), 11 Klebsiella pneumoniae(42.3%, 11/26), 1 Enterobacter cloacae(3.9%, 1/26). The predominant carbapenemase gene was New Delhi Metallo(NDM) (92.4%, 24/26), followed by Imipenem (IMP) (3.8%, 1/26) and Guiana extended spectrum gene (GES) (3.8%, 1/26).Among the carried NDM resistance genes, New Delhi Metallo 5 (NDM5) was the main one, accounting for 84.6% (22/26).The MLST typing of Escherichia coli was mainly Sequence Type 48 (ST48) (6/14), while that of Klebsiella pneumoniae was mainly Sequence Type 35 (ST35) (10/11). All CRE isolates were resistant to penicillin, penicillinase inhibitors, cephalosporins, ertapenem and imipenem.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli to amikacin, levofloxacin was 1/14, 4/14, respectively. All isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were sensitive to amikacin, and the resistance rate to levofloxacin is 1/11. Risk factors for CRE colonization include the older age, length of hospital stay, tracheal intubation, invasive respiration, lumbar puncture, Apgar <7 score, and exposure to antibiotics.Conclusions:NDM5 is the predominant resistant gene in CRE isolated from neonatal patients feces in Shenzhen region.It is necessary to strengthen the screening of CRE colonization in neonate for prevention and control of CRE infection.

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is the main inhibitor of tissue factor-mediated coagulation.TFPI is expressed by endothelial and smooth muscle celis in the vasculature.Endothelium-derived TFPI has been reported to play a regulatory role in arterial thrombosis.However,the role of endogenous TFPI in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in thrombosis and vascular disease development has yet to be elucidated.In this TFPIFlox mice crossbred with Sma-Cre mice were utilized to establish TFPI conditional knockout mice and to examine the effects of VSMC-directed TFPI deletion on development,hemostasis,and thrombosis.The mice with deleted TFPI in VSMCs (TFPIsma) reproduced viable offspring.Plasma TFPI concentration was reduced 7.2％ in the TFPIsma mice compared with TFPFlox littermate controls.Plasma TFPI concentration was also detected in the TFPITie2 (mice deleted TFPI in endothelial cells and cells of hematopoietic origin) mice.Plasma TFPI concentration of the TFPITie2 mice was 80.4％ lower (P ＜ 0.001) than that of the TFPIFlox mice.No difference in hemostatic measures (PT,APTT,and tail bleeding) was observed between TFPIsma and TFPIFlox mice.However,TFPIsma mice had increased ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis compared with TFPIFlox littermate controls.Taken together,these data indicated that endogenous TFPI from VSMCs inhibited ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis without causing hemostatic effects.