Colorectal cancer （CRC） is one of the most common cancers， with its incidence ranking high among cancers. It stands as the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the early stages， CRC lacks specific symptoms， and most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages， making it a major research focus in the field of gastrointestinal tumors. Currently， clinical CRC treatments face several common challenges， including high surgical risks， frequent metastasis and recurrence， drug resistance， and significant side effects from chemotherapy and radiation therapy. With the development and application of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， it has been found that TCM and its active ingredients can effectively inhibit CRC cell proliferation， invasion， migration， and angiogenesis， and promote apoptosis and autophagy， thereby slowing the progression of CRC. This has become a key focus of CRC treatment research. Salvia Miltiorrhiza has multiple pharmacological effects， including activating blood circulation to dispel blood stasis， unlocking meridians to relieve pain， clearing heat to calm irritability， and cooling blood to reduce abscesses. It contains a variety of chemical components， including diterpenoids， phenolic acids， flavonoids， polysaccharides， nitrogen-containing compounds， steroids， and lactone compounds. This review summarized the molecular mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients in the treatment of CRC. It is found that these ingredients exert anti-CRC effects through various molecular mechanisms， including cell cycle arrest， promotion of apoptosis， inhibition of cell invasion and migration， induction of autophagy， suppression of tumor angiogenesis， and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. The review aims to provide new insights for the drug development and clinical application of Salvia miltiorrhiza in CRC treatment.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of iruplinalkib for ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） patients who had not previously received ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors （TKIs） from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. METHODS Based on the INSPIRE clinical trial， a three-health state partitioned survival model was developed to simulate the progression of disease， with model cycle of 3 weeks and a life-year time range of 15 years； the discount rate was 5%. For the treatment of ALK-positive advanced NSCLC， total cost， quality-adjusted life year （QALY）， and incremental cost- effectiveness ratio （ICER） were compared between iruplinalkib and crizotinib； using 1-3 times China’s per capita gross domestic product （GDP） （89 358-268 074 yuan） in 2023 as the willingness-to-pay （WTP） threshold， the cost-effectiveness of two regimens were compared. The sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis （altering the distribution of survival curves， utility values） were conducted to assess model robustness. RESULTS Compared with the crizotinib regimen， the ICER for the iruplinalkib regimen was 194 412.74 yuan/QALY， which was below the WTP threshold of three times China’s per capita GDP in 2023 yuan）. The results under the scenario of altering the survival curve distribution were consistent with the base case analysis. However， after increasing the utility value of the disease progression state， the ICER exceeded the WTP threshold， and iruplinalkib no longer had a cost-effective advantage. The results of the one-way sensitivity analysis indicated that the cost of iruplinalkib and the utility values of disease progression states had a significant impact on the ICER. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the base case analysis results. CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of China’s healthcare system， compared with crizotinib regimen， the therapy with iruplinalkib is cost-effective for ALK-positive NSCLC patients who have not previously received ALK-TKIs.

The advancement of medical technology has led to significant progress in the research of standardized surgical procedures for colorectal cancer, resulting in enhanced treatment regimens from preoperative to postoperative stages. Standardized surgical procedures are crucial for improving patient survival rates, reducing recurrence rates, minimizing complications, and improving quality of life. This article summarizes the latest research results on the classification, surgical methods, and adjuvant therapy of colorectal cancer surgery; analyzes and explores standardized surgical treatment strategies; and aims to provide reference and guidance for the clinical management of colorectal cancer.

Cells and exosomes derived from them are extensively used as biological carrier systems. Cells demonstrate superior targeting specificity and prolonged circulation facilitated by their rich array of surface proteins, while exosomes, due to their small size, cross barriers and penetrate tumors efficiently. However, challenges remain, cells' large size restricts tissue penetration, and exosomes have limited targeting accuracy and short circulation times. To address these challenges, we developed a novel concept termed exosomal spheres. This approach involved incorporating platelet-derived exosomes shielded with phosphatidylserine (PS) and linked via pH-sensitive bonds for drug delivery applications. The study demonstrated that, compared with exosomes, the exosomal spheres improved blood circulation through the upregulation of CD47 expression and shielding of phosphatidylserine, thereby minimizing immune clearance. Moreover, the increased expression of P-selectin promoted adhesion to circulating tumor cells, thereby enhancing targeting efficiency. Upon reaching the tumor site, the hydrazone bonds of exosome spheres were protonated in the acidic tumor microenvironment, leading to disintegration into uniform-sized exosomes capable of deeper tumor penetration compared to platelets. These findings suggested that exosome spheres addressed the challenges and offered significant potential for efficient and precise drug delivery.

With the rapid advancement of vaccines, the research and application of vaccine adjuvants have garnered significant attention. Despite the development of numerous vaccine adjuvants, their applications in human vaccines remain limited due to either insufficient efficacy or severe side effects. Consequently, there is growing interest in developing bioactive compounds derived from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) as vaccine adjuvants, owing to their natural biocompatibility, diversity, and safety. Here, we systematically review the current application status and potential value of TCM-based bioactive compounds in vaccine adjuvants. Firstly, we elaborate on the types and characteristics of active ingredients, such as polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, acids, and alkaloids. The mechanisms by which these compounds function as vaccine adjuvants are then discussed, including their roles in enhancing humoral immunity, cellular immunity, and relieving the immune suppression in the microenvironment. Additionally, we summarize the current strategies for structural modification and platform optimization to adapt to different application scenarios. Finally, we offer insights into the future development directions for these potential adjuvants, highlighting research priorities, technical approaches, and application prospects. In conclusion, natural vaccine adjuvants derived from TCMs present broad application prospects and hold promise for future vaccine development.

Acute urinary retention(AUR)occurs frequently among astronauts on orbit.The current treatment is complex and easy to damage the urethra,which seriously affects the life and work of astronauts.In contrast,acupuncture,a traditional Chinese remedy,has shown promising results in managing urinary retention.However,the specific acupoints that could potentially prevent AUR remain uncertain due to the unique physiological conditions experienced by individuals in space compared to those on Earth.To address this gap,our research delved into the mechanisms of AUR and acupuncture within both traditional Chinese medicine and modern medical practices.We conducted a thorough literature review from Pubmed,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang database,VIP database and Chinese Medical Code database.A hierarchical evidence-scoring approach was utilized to analyze the included literatures,thus devised acupuncture protocols for the treatment of AUR.The outcomes of our study aim to establish a foundation for the application of acupuncture in managing AUR.

Under the influence of long-term space flights and the confined space environment,it is very easy to induce space depression syndrome,mainly manifested as decreased emotional stability,sleep disorders,mental fatigue,etc.,which seriously affect the living conditions and working abilities of astronauts.The current treatment methods mainly focus on psychological support and drug intervention.Acupuncture has a good effect in treating depression.Therefore,starting from the TCM pathogenesis and modern medical pathogenesis of aerospace depression syndrome,we conducted literature retrieval from databases such as the Chinese Medical Classic,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,VIP,PubMed,and Web of science.For the included literature,we adopted the stratified evidence scoring method and combined the TCM mechanism and modern medical mechanism of the effect of acupuncture.A prescription for acupuncture points was constructed to provide a basis for selecting acupuncture points for the prevention of aerospace depression syndrome through acupuncture.

BACKGROUND:Confirming the reliability and validity of the My jump 2 application for measuring lower limb vertical stiffness may offer the possibility of it as an alternative to the Kistler three-dimensional force platform for measuring lower limb stiffness. OBJECTIVE:To verify the reliability and validity of the My Jump 2 application in measuring lower limb vertical stiffness of college students. METHODS:The drop jump data of the participants were collected through the Kistler three-dimensional force platform and the My Jump 2 application,and the vertical stiffness of the participants'lower limb vertical stiffness was calculated.The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data measured by the My Jump 2 application and the Kistler three-dimensional force platform,attempting to verify the reliability of the My Jump 2 application.The bias and average between the two devices were drawn into a Bland-Altman diagram to verify the consistency between the two test methods.Finally,the test-retest reliability of the My Jump 2 applications at 30 cm and 40 cm was analyzed using the Cronbach's alpha(α)and coefficient of variation.Pearson product-moment correlation was used to analyze the correlation of My Jump 2 applications. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:My Jump 2 application has high reliability and validity when measuring the vertical stiffness of the lower limb.At the same time,due to its advantages of low cost,convenient portability and field testing for large samples,it can be used as an alternative to the Kistler three-dimensional force platform to test the vertical stiffness of the lower limb in college students and similar populations.

Objective:To explore the effects of hinokiol on the cell cyle and apoptosis of CNE1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and the relevant molecular mechanism.Methods:The CNE1 cells were cultured in vitro and incubated with different concentrations of honokiol, and the cells were divided into blank control group, 10 μmol/L, 20 μmol/L and 40 μmol/L hinokiol treatment groups, and 10 μg/ml cisplatin group. Cell viability was determined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl- tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, the cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by mitochondrial membrane potential test kit, apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method, and the proteins expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and G 1/S specific cyclin D1 (cyclin D1) were detected by immunoblotting. RNA-Seq was conducted in the hinokiol-treated cells. The mRNA expression of yes-associated protein delta (YAP) was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The proteins expression of phosphor-YAP (p-YAP) and nuclear YAP were detected by immunoblotting, the nuclear distribution of YAP protein was detected by immunofluorescence in the cells with or without treated with the mammalian STE20-like kinase 1/2 (MST1/2) inhibitor (XMU-MP-1), hinokiol, and XMU-MP-1+hinokiol. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using GraphPad Prism 8.0 software. Resluts Compared with the control group, the cell viablity of CNE1 cells, the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential, the proteins expression of PCNA and cyclin D1 in hinokiol treatment groups were markedly decreased (all P values<0.05), while the proportion of G 0/G 1 phase cells and the ratio of TUNEL-positive cells were significantly increased (both P values<0.05). Transcriptome analysis showed that differential genes were mainly enriched in Wnt signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor pathway, and Hippo signaling pathway. The mRNA level of YAP and the protein expression of YAP in the nucleus were decreased and the level of p-YAP protein was increased in cells treated with hinokiol, which were significantly different from control group (all P values<0.05). Compared with the hinokiol group, XMU-MP-1+hinokiol groups showed the decrease of p-YAP protein expression (1.157±0.076 vs 0.479±0.038, t=37.120, P<0.05), the increase of YAP protein expression in the nucleus (0.143±0.012 vs 0.425±0.031, t=29.181, P<0.05), the reduced proportion of cells in G 0/G 1 phase [(72.494±3.309)% vs (58.747±2.865)%, t=17.265, P<0.05], and the decrease of apoptosis ratio [(53.158±3.376)% vs (29.621±2.713)%, t=28.584, P<0.05]. Conclusion:Hinokiol can arrest the cell cycle and induce the cell apoptosis of CNE1 cells via Hippo/YAP signaling pathway.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.