BACKGROUND:Nanocell vesicles possess functions such as re-epithelialization,antioxidation,anti-inflammation,and regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling.Meanwhile,apoptotic bodies have the immunomodulatory effects.Therefore,the combination of the two to form nanofusion vesicles can synergistically promote the healing of diabetic skin wounds.OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the impact of nanofusion vesicles on skin wound healing in a diabetic murine model.METHODS:(1)Material preparation and characterization:The primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of C57BL/6J neonatal mice and the neutrophil apoptotic bodies of C57BL/6J mice were isolated and extracted.The nanofusion vesicles were prepared by micro-extrusion mechanism.(2)In vitro experiment:MTT assay was used to detect the proliferative effect of different concentrations of nanofusion vesicles on NIH-3T3 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Reactive oxygen species fluorescence probe was used to detect the antioxidant effect of nano-fusion vesicles on NIH-3T3 cells treated with hydrogen peroxide(H2O2).The inhibitory effect of nanofusion vesicles on RAW 264.7 macrophage inflammation induced by lipopolyside was detected by real-time quantitative RT-qPCR.(3)In vivo experiment:36 male C57BL/6J mice were employed to develop a murine model of diabetes mellitus.Following the successful induction of diabetes,two circular full-thickness wounds,each with a diameter of 6 mm,were created on either side of the diabetic mice's spine using a skin punch.The mice were divided into three groups by random number table method.The control group was injected with 0.1 mL of phosphate buffer solution.The nanovesicle group was injected with 0.1 mL nanovesicles(25 μg/mL).The nanofusion vesicle group was injected with 0.1 mL nanofusion(25 μg/mL)vesicles.After treatment for three consecutive days,the wound healing and histomorphological changes were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In vitro experiment:nanofusion vesicles,when administered at concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 μg/mL,exhibited no toxic effects and promoted the proliferation of NIH-3T3 and HUVEC cell lines.Notably,a concentration of 25 μg/mL nanofusion vesicle significantly enhanced the proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells.Furthermore,the survival rate of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was observed to increase in correlation with escalating concentrations of nanofusion vesicles.Nanofusion vesicles had a good antioxidant effect.In comparison to the H2O2 group,the fluorescence signal indicative of reactive oxygen species was progressively diminished in both the nanovesicle group and the nanofusion vesicle group.Furthermore,nanofusion vesicles possessed anti-inflammatory capabilities,effectively mitigating the inflammatory response in macrophages triggered by lipopolysaccharide stimulation.(2)In vivo experiment:Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining revealed that in comparison to the control group,both the nanovesicle group and the nanofusion vesicle group exhibited a significant increase in granulation tissue formation and collagen fiber deposition within the wounds by day 6.Notably,the nanofusion vesicle group displayed the most pronounced effects.On day 12,the wound of nanofusion vesicle group was significantly reduced,and the healing rate was significantly faster than that of other groups(P＜0.01),and the effect of promoting wound healing was the most significant.Our findings demonstrated that nanofusion vesicles exhibited superior pro-cell proliferative,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory properties,thereby exerting a beneficial effect on the promotion of skin wound healing in diabetic mouse models.

BACKGROUND:Nanocell vesicles possess functions such as re-epithelialization,antioxidation,anti-inflammation,and regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling.Meanwhile,apoptotic bodies have the immunomodulatory effects.Therefore,the combination of the two to form nanofusion vesicles can synergistically promote the healing of diabetic skin wounds.OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the impact of nanofusion vesicles on skin wound healing in a diabetic murine model.METHODS:(1)Material preparation and characterization:The primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of C57BL/6J neonatal mice and the neutrophil apoptotic bodies of C57BL/6J mice were isolated and extracted.The nanofusion vesicles were prepared by micro-extrusion mechanism.(2)In vitro experiment:MTT assay was used to detect the proliferative effect of different concentrations of nanofusion vesicles on NIH-3T3 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Reactive oxygen species fluorescence probe was used to detect the antioxidant effect of nano-fusion vesicles on NIH-3T3 cells treated with hydrogen peroxide(H2O2).The inhibitory effect of nanofusion vesicles on RAW 264.7 macrophage inflammation induced by lipopolyside was detected by real-time quantitative RT-qPCR.(3)In vivo experiment:36 male C57BL/6J mice were employed to develop a murine model of diabetes mellitus.Following the successful induction of diabetes,two circular full-thickness wounds,each with a diameter of 6 mm,were created on either side of the diabetic mice's spine using a skin punch.The mice were divided into three groups by random number table method.The control group was injected with 0.1 mL of phosphate buffer solution.The nanovesicle group was injected with 0.1 mL nanovesicles(25 μg/mL).The nanofusion vesicle group was injected with 0.1 mL nanofusion(25 μg/mL)vesicles.After treatment for three consecutive days,the wound healing and histomorphological changes were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In vitro experiment:nanofusion vesicles,when administered at concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 μg/mL,exhibited no toxic effects and promoted the proliferation of NIH-3T3 and HUVEC cell lines.Notably,a concentration of 25 μg/mL nanofusion vesicle significantly enhanced the proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells.Furthermore,the survival rate of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was observed to increase in correlation with escalating concentrations of nanofusion vesicles.Nanofusion vesicles had a good antioxidant effect.In comparison to the H2O2 group,the fluorescence signal indicative of reactive oxygen species was progressively diminished in both the nanovesicle group and the nanofusion vesicle group.Furthermore,nanofusion vesicles possessed anti-inflammatory capabilities,effectively mitigating the inflammatory response in macrophages triggered by lipopolysaccharide stimulation.(2)In vivo experiment:Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining revealed that in comparison to the control group,both the nanovesicle group and the nanofusion vesicle group exhibited a significant increase in granulation tissue formation and collagen fiber deposition within the wounds by day 6.Notably,the nanofusion vesicle group displayed the most pronounced effects.On day 12,the wound of nanofusion vesicle group was significantly reduced,and the healing rate was significantly faster than that of other groups(P＜0.01),and the effect of promoting wound healing was the most significant.Our findings demonstrated that nanofusion vesicles exhibited superior pro-cell proliferative,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory properties,thereby exerting a beneficial effect on the promotion of skin wound healing in diabetic mouse models.

BACKGROUND:MXene nanoparticles,due to their unique hydrophilicity,biocompatibility,and antibacterial properties,are widely used in wound,tumor,nerve repair,and cardiovascular treatments.However,it is still unclear what effect MXene nanoparticles have on diabetic wound healing.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the in vitro antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and photothermal antibacterial properties of MXene nanoparticles Ti3C2Tx as well as their effect on wound repair in diabetic mice.METHODS:(1)In vitro experiments:The cytotoxicity of Ti3C2Tx nanoparticles on mouse fibroblasts(NIH-3T3)at various concentrations was evaluated using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay.NIH-3T3 cells were exposed to H2O2,and the MTT assay was used to detect the protective effects of different mass concentrations of Ti3C2Tx on NIH-3T3 cells.NIH-3T3 cells were exposed to H2O2,and the effect of Ti3C2Tx(20 μg/mL)on the generation of reactive oxygen species in NIH-3T3 cells was analyzed under illumination(or no illumination)treatment.RAW264.7 macrophages were divided into three groups:control group,lipopolysaccharide group,and lipopolysaccharide+Ti3C2Tx group.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of specific genes(CD86,interleukin 6,CD206,arginase 1)in the cells.Escherichia coli(or Staphylococcus aureus)were divided into three groups:control group,Ti3C2Tx group,and Ti3C2Tx illumination group.The bacterial survival rate was calculated by plate colony counting method.(2)In vivo experiments:Streptozotocin was administered intraperitoneally to ICR mice to induce a diabetic condition.After successful modeling,a full-thickness skin defect wound was created on the back of the mice using a circular punch.The experiment was divided into three groups:control group(n=6),Ti3C2Tx group(n=6),and Ti3C2Tx illumination group(n=6).The wound healing was observed,and CD31 and CD206 immunohistochemical staining of wound tissue was performed on day 7 after intervention.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining of wound tissue were performed on days 7 and 14 after intervention.Ti3C2Tx solution was injected subcutaneously into ICR mice.After illumination(or non-illumination)exposure,the toxic effects of Ti3C2Tx on mice were analyzed by blood biochemical detection.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In vitro experiments:Ti3C2Tx showed no cytotoxicity on NIH-3T3 cells at mass concentrations ranging from 5-160 μg/mL.It increased the survival rate of NIH-3T3 cells at a mass concentration of 20 μg/mL.Ti3C2Tx at 10-80 μg/mL significantly improved the survival rate of NIH-3T3 cells under H2O2 intervention.Ti3C2Tx significantly inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species in NIH-3T3 cells under the intervention of H2O2,and illumination treatment further enhanced the effect of Ti3C2Tx on inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species.Ti3C2Tx effectively inhibited macrophage inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide and promoted the transformation of cells into M2 macrophages with anti-inflammatory properties.Both Ti3C2Tx and Ti3C2Tx illumination significantly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,and the inhibitory effect of Ti3C2Tx illumination was more significant.(2)In vivo experiments:Gross and histological analyses of the wound surface showed that both Ti3C2Tx and Ti3C2Tx illumination promoted wound healing in diabetic mice,and the promotion effect of Ti3C2Tx irradiation was more significant.Immunohistochemical staining results showed that both Ti3C2Tx and Ti3C2Tx illumination inhibited the inflammatory response in diabetic wounds and promoted angiogenesis,and the effect of Ti3C2Tx illumination was more significant.Blood biochemical test results showed that Ti3C2Tx and illumination had no obvious toxic effects on mice.(3)These results indicate that Ti3C2Tx nanoparticles efficiently promote the healing of skin wounds in a diabetic mouse model through antioxidation,anti-inflammation,and antibacterial actions via photothermal effects.

BACKGROUND:MXene nanoparticles,due to their unique hydrophilicity,biocompatibility,and antibacterial properties,are widely used in wound,tumor,nerve repair,and cardiovascular treatments.However,it is still unclear what effect MXene nanoparticles have on diabetic wound healing.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the in vitro antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and photothermal antibacterial properties of MXene nanoparticles Ti3C2Tx as well as their effect on wound repair in diabetic mice.METHODS:(1)In vitro experiments:The cytotoxicity of Ti3C2Tx nanoparticles on mouse fibroblasts(NIH-3T3)at various concentrations was evaluated using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay.NIH-3T3 cells were exposed to H2O2,and the MTT assay was used to detect the protective effects of different mass concentrations of Ti3C2Tx on NIH-3T3 cells.NIH-3T3 cells were exposed to H2O2,and the effect of Ti3C2Tx(20 μg/mL)on the generation of reactive oxygen species in NIH-3T3 cells was analyzed under illumination(or no illumination)treatment.RAW264.7 macrophages were divided into three groups:control group,lipopolysaccharide group,and lipopolysaccharide+Ti3C2Tx group.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of specific genes(CD86,interleukin 6,CD206,arginase 1)in the cells.Escherichia coli(or Staphylococcus aureus)were divided into three groups:control group,Ti3C2Tx group,and Ti3C2Tx illumination group.The bacterial survival rate was calculated by plate colony counting method.(2)In vivo experiments:Streptozotocin was administered intraperitoneally to ICR mice to induce a diabetic condition.After successful modeling,a full-thickness skin defect wound was created on the back of the mice using a circular punch.The experiment was divided into three groups:control group(n=6),Ti3C2Tx group(n=6),and Ti3C2Tx illumination group(n=6).The wound healing was observed,and CD31 and CD206 immunohistochemical staining of wound tissue was performed on day 7 after intervention.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining of wound tissue were performed on days 7 and 14 after intervention.Ti3C2Tx solution was injected subcutaneously into ICR mice.After illumination(or non-illumination)exposure,the toxic effects of Ti3C2Tx on mice were analyzed by blood biochemical detection.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In vitro experiments:Ti3C2Tx showed no cytotoxicity on NIH-3T3 cells at mass concentrations ranging from 5-160 μg/mL.It increased the survival rate of NIH-3T3 cells at a mass concentration of 20 μg/mL.Ti3C2Tx at 10-80 μg/mL significantly improved the survival rate of NIH-3T3 cells under H2O2 intervention.Ti3C2Tx significantly inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species in NIH-3T3 cells under the intervention of H2O2,and illumination treatment further enhanced the effect of Ti3C2Tx on inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species.Ti3C2Tx effectively inhibited macrophage inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide and promoted the transformation of cells into M2 macrophages with anti-inflammatory properties.Both Ti3C2Tx and Ti3C2Tx illumination significantly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,and the inhibitory effect of Ti3C2Tx illumination was more significant.(2)In vivo experiments:Gross and histological analyses of the wound surface showed that both Ti3C2Tx and Ti3C2Tx illumination promoted wound healing in diabetic mice,and the promotion effect of Ti3C2Tx irradiation was more significant.Immunohistochemical staining results showed that both Ti3C2Tx and Ti3C2Tx illumination inhibited the inflammatory response in diabetic wounds and promoted angiogenesis,and the effect of Ti3C2Tx illumination was more significant.Blood biochemical test results showed that Ti3C2Tx and illumination had no obvious toxic effects on mice.(3)These results indicate that Ti3C2Tx nanoparticles efficiently promote the healing of skin wounds in a diabetic mouse model through antioxidation,anti-inflammation,and antibacterial actions via photothermal effects.

Objective To explore the causal relationship between family resilience and mental health in military personnel population.Methods A total of 204 military personnel were recruited from an army unit stationed in Western China with cluster convenience sampling.Family Resilience Scale(FRS)and Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)were used to survey them twice,in an interval of 4 months.Amos 26.0 was applied to construct a cross-lag model and analyze the data.Results After controlling mental symptoms from the first survey,family resilience in the first measure significantly predicted mental symptoms in the second measure(β=-0.14,P＜0.05).After controlling for family resilience from the first survey,mental symptoms in the first measure significantly predicted family resilience in the second measure(β=-0.13,P＜0.05).Conclusion The relationship between family resilience and mental health is mutually causal in military personnel,and one predicts the other one.Our findings highlight the key dimensions of the relationship between the two.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang is a classical prescription for the treatment of chest impediment with the method of warming Yang. It is included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions issued by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine （First Batch）， with the effect of activating Yang， dissipating mass， moving Qi and resolving phlegm. Its main symptoms include chest fullness and pain， or even chest pain radiating to the back， wheezing， coughing， shortness of breath， and Qi reversal from the hypochondrium. In modern traditional Chinese medicine， Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang is clinically used in the treatment of cardiovascular system， digestive system， respiratory system and other diseases， among which coronary heart disease， unstable angina pectoris， myocardial infarction， sinus bradycardia and other cardiovascular diseases have particularly significant effects. This paper reviewed the pharmacological studies of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang in the past 10 years. The results showed that each single medicine and the whole prescription alleviated the above cardiovascular diseases to a certain extent， with the pharmacological effects of improving intravascular environment， myocardial ischemia， myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury， and myocardial hypoxia， anti-inflammation， plaque stabilisation， etc.， and the pharmacological mechanism involved the regulation of relevant active substances in vivo as well as related signaling pathways and ion channels， mainly including thromboxane B₂ （TXB₂）， prostacyclin I₂（PGI₂） and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase （PI3K/Akt/eNOS） signaling pathways， and ATP-sensitive potassium channels. In addition， the relationship between the pharmacological effects of some single medicines and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 （TRPA1） has been reported that TRPA1 is a key to understanding the mechanism of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang in treating cardiovascular diseases， which is worth of further study.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected with Delta variant, so as to provide further references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A real-world study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of 166 COVID-19 patients infected with Delta variant at Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University.Results:The study enrolled 5 asymptomatic cases, 123 non-severe cases (mild and moderate type), and 38 severe cases (severe and critical type). Among these patients, 69 (41.6%) were male and 97 (58.4%) were female, with a mean age of 47.0±23.5 years. Thirty-nine cases (23.5%) had received 1 or 2 doses of inactivated vaccine. The incidence of severe COVID-19 cases was 7.7% in 2-doses vaccinated patients, which was lower than that of 11.5% in 1-dose and 26.8% in unvaccinated patients. The proportion of severe cases in 2 dose-vaccinated patients was 7.7%, which was lower than that of 11.5% in 1-dose vaccinated patients and 26.8% in unvaccinated patients, but the difference was not significant ( P>0.05). The most common clinical symptom was fever (134 cases, 83.2%), and 39.1% of cases presented with high-grade fever (≥39 °C); other symptoms were cough, sputum, fatigue, and xerostomia. The proportion of fever in severe cases was significantly higher than that of non-severe cases (97.4% vs. 76.4%, P<0.01). Similarly, the proportion of severe cases with high peak temperature (≥39 ℃) () was also higher than that of non-severe cases (65.8% vs. 30.9%, P<0.01). The median minimal Cycle threshold (Ct) values of viral nucleic acid N gene and ORFlab gene were 20.3 and 21.5, respectively, and the minimum Ct values were 11.9 and 13.5, respectively. Within 48 h of admission, 9.0% of cases presented with decreased white blood cell counts, and 52.4% with decreased lymphocyte counts. The proportions of increased C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin 6, and interleukin 10 were 32.5%, 57.4%, 65.3%, and 35.7%, respectively. The proportions of elevated C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and interleukin-6 in severe cases were significantly higher than those in non-severe cases ( P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that older age and higher peak temperature were associated with a higher likelihood of severe cases ( OR>3, 95% CI: 2-7, P<0.01). In terms of treatment, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was used in 97.6% of non-severe cases and 100% in severe cases. Other treatments included respiratory and nutritional support, immunotherapy (such as neutralizing antibodies and plasma of recovered patients). The median times from admission to progression to severe cases, of fever clearance, and of nucleic acid conversion were 5 days, 6 days and 19 days, respectively. No deaths were reported within 28 days. Conclusions:The symptoms of Delta variant infection in Guangzhou are characterized by a high proportion of fever, high peak temperature, long duration of fever, high viral load, a long time to nucleic acid conversion, and a high incidence of severe cases. The severe cases exhibit a higher percentage of elderly patients, a longer duration of fever and have a higher fever rate and a higher hyperthermia rate than non-severe cases. Age and hyperthermia are independent risk factors for progression to severe disease. The combination of TCM and Western medicine can control the progression of the disease effectively.

Objective:To explore the association between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and preschoolers’ consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB).Methods:In June 2018, all preschoolers from 15 kindergartens were selected from the jurisdiction of Education Commission in Dongcheng District of Beijing by using an equal-proportion stratified cluster sampling method in the study. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the parents of preschoolers to obtain the basic information of preschoolers and parents, the consumption situation of preschoolers’ sugar-sweetened beverages and the perception of parents to SSB. A tatol of 3 217 preschoolers were finally included in the analysis. A generalized structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship between preschoolers' consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their parents' socioeconomic status and the mediating effect of their cognition of sugar-sweetened beverages. The size of mediating effect was estimated by using deviation correction non-parameter percentile Bootstrap method.Results:The age of 3 217 preschoolers was (4.23±0.67) years, of which 52.6% ( n=1 692) were boys, and 77.62% ( n=2 497) were SSB consumers. Among the parents of 3 217 preschoolers, fathers and mothers accounted for 24.90% ( n=801) and 75.10% ( n=2 416), and the M ( P25, P75) scores of SES were 66.7 (62.5, 69.5) and 69.5 (64.6, 71.4), respectively. The proportion of parents who took the initiative to learn about their children's consumption of SSB, lacked confidence in restricting preschooler's consumption of SSB and read nutrition labels before purchasing food was 74.08% ( n=2 383), 82.90% ( n=2 667) and 36.24% ( n=1 166), respectively. The generalized structural equation model showed that after adjusting for preschoolers’ gender, age, body mass index (BMI) of preschoolers and their parents, preschoolers’ consumption of SSB was negatively associated with their parents’ SES score [path coefficient (95% CI):-4.69×10 -2 (-6.56×10 -2,-2.69×10 -2) ]. The mediating effect of parents’ perception of SSB consumption could explain 48.71% of the total effect [path coefficient (95% CI):-2.28×10 -2 (-3.54×10 -2, -1.10×10 -2)]. Conclusion:The consumption of SSB in preschoolers is negatively associated with their parent’s SES, and this relationship is partially mediated by parent’s perception of SSB consumption.

Objective:To explore the association between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and preschoolers’ consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB).Methods:In June 2018, all preschoolers from 15 kindergartens were selected from the jurisdiction of Education Commission in Dongcheng District of Beijing by using an equal-proportion stratified cluster sampling method in the study. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the parents of preschoolers to obtain the basic information of preschoolers and parents, the consumption situation of preschoolers’ sugar-sweetened beverages and the perception of parents to SSB. A tatol of 3 217 preschoolers were finally included in the analysis. A generalized structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship between preschoolers' consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their parents' socioeconomic status and the mediating effect of their cognition of sugar-sweetened beverages. The size of mediating effect was estimated by using deviation correction non-parameter percentile Bootstrap method.Results:The age of 3 217 preschoolers was (4.23±0.67) years, of which 52.6% ( n=1 692) were boys, and 77.62% ( n=2 497) were SSB consumers. Among the parents of 3 217 preschoolers, fathers and mothers accounted for 24.90% ( n=801) and 75.10% ( n=2 416), and the M ( P25, P75) scores of SES were 66.7 (62.5, 69.5) and 69.5 (64.6, 71.4), respectively. The proportion of parents who took the initiative to learn about their children's consumption of SSB, lacked confidence in restricting preschooler's consumption of SSB and read nutrition labels before purchasing food was 74.08% ( n=2 383), 82.90% ( n=2 667) and 36.24% ( n=1 166), respectively. The generalized structural equation model showed that after adjusting for preschoolers’ gender, age, body mass index (BMI) of preschoolers and their parents, preschoolers’ consumption of SSB was negatively associated with their parents’ SES score [path coefficient (95% CI):-4.69×10 -2 (-6.56×10 -2,-2.69×10 -2) ]. The mediating effect of parents’ perception of SSB consumption could explain 48.71% of the total effect [path coefficient (95% CI):-2.28×10 -2 (-3.54×10 -2, -1.10×10 -2)]. Conclusion:The consumption of SSB in preschoolers is negatively associated with their parent’s SES, and this relationship is partially mediated by parent’s perception of SSB consumption.