This study was performed to investigate the variation characteristics and functions of Siglec-9 immune checkpoint in pulmonary tuberculosis.R language was used for bioinformatics analysis of GSE83456 chip data.Total of 48 patients with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)and 46 healthy controls were included.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the mRNA expression of Siglec-9 in peripheral blood;flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Siglec-9+CD4+T cells.The levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IFN-γ and IL-4 were detected by Cytometric Bead Array(CBA).Furthermore,the correlation of the proportion of Siglec-9+CD4+T cells with TNF-α and other cytokines were analyzed.Bioinformatics analysis showed that Siglec-9 was significantly increased in patients with PTB(P＜0.001),and was related to TNF-α/NF-κB,IL-6/JAK/STATA3,PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathways.Experimental data showed that the proportion of Siglec-9+CD4+T cells was significantly increased in patients with PTB(P＜0.001)and negatively correlated with the levels of TNF-α and other cytokines.In conclusion,the higher levels of Siglec-9 mRNA and Siglec-9+CD4+T cells in PTB may inhibit the function of CD4+T cells and participate in the occurrence and development of PTB.

This study was performed to investigate the variation characteristics and functions of Siglec-9 immune checkpoint in pulmonary tuberculosis.R language was used for bioinformatics analysis of GSE83456 chip data.Total of 48 patients with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)and 46 healthy controls were included.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the mRNA expression of Siglec-9 in peripheral blood;flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Siglec-9+CD4+T cells.The levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IFN-γ and IL-4 were detected by Cytometric Bead Array(CBA).Furthermore,the correlation of the proportion of Siglec-9+CD4+T cells with TNF-α and other cytokines were analyzed.Bioinformatics analysis showed that Siglec-9 was significantly increased in patients with PTB(P＜0.001),and was related to TNF-α/NF-κB,IL-6/JAK/STATA3,PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathways.Experimental data showed that the proportion of Siglec-9+CD4+T cells was significantly increased in patients with PTB(P＜0.001)and negatively correlated with the levels of TNF-α and other cytokines.In conclusion,the higher levels of Siglec-9 mRNA and Siglec-9+CD4+T cells in PTB may inhibit the function of CD4+T cells and participate in the occurrence and development of PTB.

The textbook(New Century 4th Edition) was published by China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine in August of 2016. The author proposed several discussions in the textbook. The information, including the issue date of China national standard, the number of foreign countries where China medical teams were assigned, and the number of acupuncture indications recommended by WHO, was not accurate. The content, including several methods of acupoint location, specification of filiform needles, rotating angle of needle, disinfection of needles and skin, locations and indications of scalp acupuncture, etc. should be corrected. Besides, the writing of textbooks should follow national or industry standards.

is one of the mandatory examinations for the Diplomate of Oriental Medicine (Dipl.OM.) or Acupuncture (Dipl. Ac.) by American National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM). In reference to, and, the authors introduced the examination pattern and examination-related contents including such aspects as safety and professional responsibilities, treatment plan, and point location and discussed additionally the enlightening effects on acupuncture practice and examination in universities and international associations of Chinese medicine in our country.

Diplomates certificated by National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM) are needed to be recertified every four years. The certificate will be valid after 60 points of provided professional development activity (PDA). The different validity status of NCCAOM certificates, ways of participating continuing education and the requirements of PDA points including core competencies and professional enhancement (PE) are introduced in this paper.

In National Standards (GB) as well as the textbooks used in TCM universities, the twirling angles of acupuncture manipulation vary a lot. By reviewing the previous editions of textbooks from 3 publication houses and comparing the relevant contents, the author calculated the arc lengths of various twirling angles based on the specification of filiform needle in National Standards (GB) and International Standards (ISO). The conclusion is that the twirling angles mentioned in National Standards (GB) and textbooks are too small and not in compliance with the clinical practice. Hence, it is not advisable to propose a rigid specific provision of twirling angle in acupuncture manipulation.

Bilingual teaching is a innovative method of higher education of China to gear the need of the world. Acupuncture and Moxibustion, a higher international TCM course, has been the model of bilingual teaching in many colleges and universities of TCM successively. To meet the aim and original intention of bilingual education in China, we have supplemented international acupuncture and moxibustion in teaching program for many years. The related contents about acupuncture and moxibustion of World Health Organization (WHO) and International Standardization Organization(ISO) have been added into the chapters of introduction, meridians and acupoints, the technology of acupuncture and moxibustion, the therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion. Teaching international acupuncture and moxibustion not only enlarges the international perspective of students, but also makes them more interested in learning Acupuncture and Moxibustion with a bigger sense of mission.
Acupuncture ; education ; Acupuncture Points ; Books ; China ; Humans ; Internationality ; Language ; Learning ; Meridians ; Teaching ; manpower ; methods ; Universities

The development of Science of Acupuncture and Moxibustion should be in accord with the trend of standardization and internationalization of the science of acupuncture and moxibustion. Based on the arrangement of chapters and sections in the textbook, 29 national standards, 6 standards or guidelines made by World Health Or- ganization(WHO) and 1 standard out of International Standardization Organization (ISO) are classified and intro- duced. It is suggested that the above contents should be considered as the evidence when the textbook is reedited. Also, it is proposed that humanization should be supplemented and the newest research findings should be traced.
Acupuncture ; education ; standards ; Acupuncture Therapy ; standards ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; standards ; Science ; standards ; Teaching ; methods ; standards ; Teaching Materials ; standards

Foundations of Oriental Medicine (FOM) is one of the mandatory examinations for the Diplomate of Oriental Medicine (Dipl.OM.), Chinese Herbology (Dipl.CH.), or Acupuncture (Dipl. Ac.) by American National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM). In the light of NCCAOM Certification Handbook, Foundations of Oriental Medicine Expanded Content Outline,and Foundations of Oriental Medicine Study Guide, the authors introduced the examination pattern and examination-related contents including: Clinical diagnostic methods; assessment, analysis, and pattern-differentiation based upon Oriental Medicine theory and treatment principle and strategy.

Based on the expeienes in th acdemic exchanges in Switzerland and relevant data, the development of TCM/acupuncture in Switzerland, Swiss medical insurance system and the acceptance to TCM/acupuncture were introduced in the paper. The case analysis was applied to explain the reimbursement, proportion and additional conditions of Obligatory Basic Insurance and Supplementary Alternative Insurance on TCM/acupuncture; Additionally, in the paper, the certification and registration from EMR, ASCA and NVS for the TCM physician were introduced, which is required to the recognition by insurance companies. All of these provide the guarantee for the positive development of TCM/acupuncture in Switzerland.
Acupuncture Therapy ; economics ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Insurance Benefits ; economics ; history ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; history ; Switzerland