The anatomy of the superficial temporal artery and its branches exhibit individual differences, and traditional anatomical study method cannot objectively, truly, or accurately reflect the characteristics of individual anatomical structures. Based on three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction technology, the microstructure and blood supply range of individual superficial temporal arteries can be accurately explored. This article reviewed the anatomy of superficial temporal artery based on 3D reconstruction for clinical application by extensively reviewing the relevant literature on the research and application of 3D reconstruction of superficial temporal artery by CT angiography and magnetic resonance imaging in recent years, and provided precise anatomical reference for the 3D reconstruction technique of superficial temporal artery and related surgery.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy and pharmacotherapy alone in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH).Methods:Firstly, retrospective case series study was conducted. Thirty cases of CSDH that had received body posture combined with pharmacotherapy at Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from December 2016 to October 2020 were studied retrospectively. Twenty-seven patients were male, and 3 patients were female. The age of patients ( M(IQR)) was 66(16) years (range:28 to 84). Nineteen patients had unilateral hematoma, and 11 patients had bilateral hematoma. All patients received pharmacotherapy and body posture therapy that was to raise their lower limbs 20 to 30 cm with leg lift pad and get abdominal compressed with customized abdominal belt in supine position. Patients were required to maintain the body posture as much as possible, with the maximum to 16 to 18 hours per day. Patients with unilateral hematoma should tilt the head to the affected side and avoid tilting it to the opposite side. For patients with bilateral hematoma, there was no need for head lateralization. Patient were treated with oral dexamethasone and atorvastatin simultaneously. The preliminary efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy was determined by hematoma improvement rate which was analyzed by Clopper-Pearson method. Then, the multi-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial had carried out in 9 medical centers from August 2020 to November 2021. The stratified block randomization method was adopted. Patients were randomized in a ratio of 1∶1 to either receive pharmacotherapy alone(the control group) or body posture combined with pharmacotherapy(the experiment group) for 3 months and followed up for 6 months. Effective treatment was defined as complete absorption of hematoma, or the hematoma volume decreased by more than 10 ml and Markwalder grading scale score had improved by more than 1 point compared to the baseline. The efficacy rate and surgery conversion rate at 3 months and recurrence at 6 months were observed. Comparison between groups was performed with paired sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, corrected χ2 test, or Fisher exact probability method. Logistic regression was used to compare the effective rate and operation rate between the two groups. Results:In the respective study, 30 patients completed follow-up 13 to 353 days after treatment. At the last follow-up, the incidence of almost complete absorption or significantly absorption of hematoma (hematoma volume was significantly reduced accompanied by symptom improvement) was 93.3%. The 95% CI for the incidence that analyzed by the Clopper-Pearson method was 77.9% to 99.2%. One hundred and six patients were enrolled in the multicenter study. Fifty-five patients underwent body posture combined with pharmacotherapy. The age was 74(17) years (range:26 to 92). Thirty-nine patients were males and 16 were females. Fifty-one patients underwent pharmacotherapy alone. The age was 69(12) years (range:48 to 84). Thirty-seven patients were males and 14 were females. The length of body posture recorded in diary card was (15.7±2.3) hours(range:7.6 to 19.3 hours). The efficacy rate in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group and pharmacotherapy alone group were 83.6% (46/55) and 56.9% (29/51), respectively at 3 months. The result of the logistic regression analysis showed that the efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group was better than that of pharmacotherapy alone group ( OR=3.88,95% CI:1.57 to 9.58, P=0.003). Surgery rate in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group and pharmacotherapy alone group were 5.5% (3/55) and 21.6% (11/51) respectively. The result of Logistic regression showed that the pharmacotherapy alone group was more likely to be converted to surgery ( OR=0.21,95% CI:0.05 to 0.80, P=0.023). At the 6 months, no recurrence of cases was found in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group. However, the recurrence rate of pharmacotherapy alone group was 6.3% (3/48), there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The effect of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy for chronic subdural hematoma is better than that of pharmacotherapy alone.

The clinical diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection has long faced the challenges of insufficient standardization of diagnosis and treatment pathways,irrational use of antimicrobial drugs and high recurrence rate.How to optimize the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment pathway of urinary tract infection,standardize the use of antimicrobial drugs,and reduce the recurrence rate have always been the focus of clinical attention.There is significant heterogeneity in the existing diagnostic criteria for urinary tract infection,which seriously affects the comparability and evidence integration of clinical and research studies.In order to solve the above problems,a consensus on global multidisciplinary diagnostic criteria for urinary tract infection has been formed by international multidisciplinary experts after three rounds of Delphi method.Breaking through the traditional classification framework,the consensus innovatively established a four-dimensional quantitative scoring system including local symptoms and signs,systemic inflammatory response,quantitative analysis of pyuria and urine culture results,and established a hierarchical standard for stepwise urinary tract diagnosis according to the scoring threshold.Based on the key citations related to the consensus,this paper interprets in detail the basis for the selection of core indicators and the establishment of thresholds for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in the consensus,and focuses on the key issues and implementation paths of the consensus in localization practice.This consensus provides a unified standard for standardizing the clinical diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection,improving the homogeneity of clinical research through standardized diagnostic processes,and promoting the standardization of UTI drug research and development and the rational use of antibiotics and precision.

The clinical diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection has long faced the challenges of insufficient standardization of diagnosis and treatment pathways,irrational use of antimicrobial drugs and high recurrence rate.How to optimize the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment pathway of urinary tract infection,standardize the use of antimicrobial drugs,and reduce the recurrence rate have always been the focus of clinical attention.There is significant heterogeneity in the existing diagnostic criteria for urinary tract infection,which seriously affects the comparability and evidence integration of clinical and research studies.In order to solve the above problems,a consensus on global multidisciplinary diagnostic criteria for urinary tract infection has been formed by international multidisciplinary experts after three rounds of Delphi method.Breaking through the traditional classification framework,the consensus innovatively established a four-dimensional quantitative scoring system including local symptoms and signs,systemic inflammatory response,quantitative analysis of pyuria and urine culture results,and established a hierarchical standard for stepwise urinary tract diagnosis according to the scoring threshold.Based on the key citations related to the consensus,this paper interprets in detail the basis for the selection of core indicators and the establishment of thresholds for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in the consensus,and focuses on the key issues and implementation paths of the consensus in localization practice.This consensus provides a unified standard for standardizing the clinical diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection,improving the homogeneity of clinical research through standardized diagnostic processes,and promoting the standardization of UTI drug research and development and the rational use of antibiotics and precision.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy and pharmacotherapy alone in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH).Methods:Firstly, retrospective case series study was conducted. Thirty cases of CSDH that had received body posture combined with pharmacotherapy at Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from December 2016 to October 2020 were studied retrospectively. Twenty-seven patients were male, and 3 patients were female. The age of patients ( M(IQR)) was 66(16) years (range:28 to 84). Nineteen patients had unilateral hematoma, and 11 patients had bilateral hematoma. All patients received pharmacotherapy and body posture therapy that was to raise their lower limbs 20 to 30 cm with leg lift pad and get abdominal compressed with customized abdominal belt in supine position. Patients were required to maintain the body posture as much as possible, with the maximum to 16 to 18 hours per day. Patients with unilateral hematoma should tilt the head to the affected side and avoid tilting it to the opposite side. For patients with bilateral hematoma, there was no need for head lateralization. Patient were treated with oral dexamethasone and atorvastatin simultaneously. The preliminary efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy was determined by hematoma improvement rate which was analyzed by Clopper-Pearson method. Then, the multi-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial had carried out in 9 medical centers from August 2020 to November 2021. The stratified block randomization method was adopted. Patients were randomized in a ratio of 1∶1 to either receive pharmacotherapy alone(the control group) or body posture combined with pharmacotherapy(the experiment group) for 3 months and followed up for 6 months. Effective treatment was defined as complete absorption of hematoma, or the hematoma volume decreased by more than 10 ml and Markwalder grading scale score had improved by more than 1 point compared to the baseline. The efficacy rate and surgery conversion rate at 3 months and recurrence at 6 months were observed. Comparison between groups was performed with paired sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, corrected χ2 test, or Fisher exact probability method. Logistic regression was used to compare the effective rate and operation rate between the two groups. Results:In the respective study, 30 patients completed follow-up 13 to 353 days after treatment. At the last follow-up, the incidence of almost complete absorption or significantly absorption of hematoma (hematoma volume was significantly reduced accompanied by symptom improvement) was 93.3%. The 95% CI for the incidence that analyzed by the Clopper-Pearson method was 77.9% to 99.2%. One hundred and six patients were enrolled in the multicenter study. Fifty-five patients underwent body posture combined with pharmacotherapy. The age was 74(17) years (range:26 to 92). Thirty-nine patients were males and 16 were females. Fifty-one patients underwent pharmacotherapy alone. The age was 69(12) years (range:48 to 84). Thirty-seven patients were males and 14 were females. The length of body posture recorded in diary card was (15.7±2.3) hours(range:7.6 to 19.3 hours). The efficacy rate in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group and pharmacotherapy alone group were 83.6% (46/55) and 56.9% (29/51), respectively at 3 months. The result of the logistic regression analysis showed that the efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group was better than that of pharmacotherapy alone group ( OR=3.88,95% CI:1.57 to 9.58, P=0.003). Surgery rate in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group and pharmacotherapy alone group were 5.5% (3/55) and 21.6% (11/51) respectively. The result of Logistic regression showed that the pharmacotherapy alone group was more likely to be converted to surgery ( OR=0.21,95% CI:0.05 to 0.80, P=0.023). At the 6 months, no recurrence of cases was found in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group. However, the recurrence rate of pharmacotherapy alone group was 6.3% (3/48), there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The effect of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy for chronic subdural hematoma is better than that of pharmacotherapy alone.

Objective:To investigate the application value of laparoscopic natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) based on purse-string suture for sigmoid colon and upper rectal cancer.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 14 patients undergoing laparoscopic NOSES based on purse-string suture for sigmoid colon and upper rectal cancer in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from October 2022 to June 2023 were collected. There were 8 males and 6 females, aged (56±10)years. Observation indicators: (1) surgical conditions; (2) postoperative conditions; (3) follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD. Count data were described as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Surgical conditions. All patients underwent laparoscopic NOSES based on purse-string suture for sigmoid colon and upper rectal cancer successfully, without conversion to open surgery. The operation time of 14 patients was (162±32)minutes, and the volume of intraoperative blood loss was (22±12)mL. (2) Postoperative conditions. Time to postoperative first out-of-bed activity, time to postoperative first flatus, time to postoperative first drinking, time to postoperative initial liquid food intake, duration of postoperative hospital stay of 14 patients were (1.6±0.7)days, (2.1±0.6)days, (2.4±0.6)days, (3.8±1.0)days, (6.0±0.9)days, respectively. None of patient had perioperative complications such as postoperative anastomotic leakage and bleeding. (3) Follow-up. All 14 patients were followed up for (9.7±1.9)months. There was no postoperative recurrence, metastasis or death in 14 pati-ents.Conclusion:The laparoscopic NOSES based on purse-string suture can be used for sigmoid colon and upper rectal cancer, which is safe and feasible.

Purpose To study the changes of white matter microstructure in moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)via synthetic MRI.Materials and Methods A total of 30 patients with moderate and severe OSAHS diagnosed for the first time and 30 healthy controls were prospectively collected in General Hospital of Taiyuan Iron&Steel(Group)Co.,LTD from October 2022 to September 2023.Both groups underwent routine MRI,3D-T1 MPRAGE and synthetic MRI scans.The T1,T2 and proton density(PD)values of multiple white matter regions in the two groups were compared,and the correlation between T1,T2 and PD values in different brain regions and sleep parameters was analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the T1 value were increased in various white matter regions,including the right cerebral peduncle,cingulate fasciculus,posterior thalamic radiation,external capsule,bilateral internal capsule,corona radiata,superior longitudinal fasciculus and superior frontal-occipital fasciculus(t/Z=-3.267-3.286,all P<0.05).The T2 value of the left inferior cerebellar peduncle was decreased(Z=2.114,P=0.035),and the T2 value of the right posterior thalamic radiation and bilateral external capsule were increased(Z=-2.410,-2.484,-2.306,all P<0.05).Furthermore,the PD value were increased in corpus callosum,left internal capsule,sagittal layer,hippocampus,right posterior thalamic radiation,cingulate fasciculus,bilateral corona radiata and superior longitudinal fasciculus(t/Z=-3.726-2.757,all P<0.05).The apnea hypopnea index of patients with moderate and severe OSAHS was positively correlated with the T1 value(r=0.387,P=0.035)and PD value(r=0.382,P=0.037)of the right cingulate bundle,and there was no correlation between the lowest oxygen saturation and the quantitative parameters in moderate and severe OSAHS(P>0.05).Conclusion Synthetic MRI can sensitively observe the changes of white matter relaxation values in moderate and severe OSAHS,and has high application value in evaluating the damage of white matter in OSAHS.

Objective This study aims to analyze the relationship between reproductive tract microecological changes,metabolic differences,and pregnancy outcomes at different time points in the frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle while patients are undergoing hormone replacement therapy,which will be a breakthrough point for improving outcomes.Methods A total of 20 women undergoing frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer for the first time at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital between July 2022 and January 2023 were recruited for this study.Their vaginal and cervical secretions were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics analysis on days 2-5 of menstruation,day 7 after estrogen replacement therapy started,the day when progesterone was added,and the day of transplantation.The subjects were divided into different groups according to their clinical pregnancy status and the sequencing results were analyzed using bioinformatics methods.Results 1)The alpha-diversity index of the vaginal and cervical microbiota was higher on days 2-5 of menstruation(P<0.01),but did not differ significantly on day 7 after oral estrogen replacement therapy started,the day of progesterone administration,and the day of transplantation(P≥0.1).2)Both the pregnant group and the non-pregnant group showed a variety of microorganisms and metabolites with significant differences in the lower reproductive tract at different time points.3)Microbial analysis at different time points showed that there were significant differences in vaginal flora,including Peptoniphilus,Enterocloster,Finegoldia,Klebsiella,Anaerobutyricum,Agathobaculum,Sporanaerobacter,Bilophila,Prevotella,and Anaerococcus in the pregnant group(P<0.05).4)Metabolite analysis at different time points showed that there were significant differences in 3-hydroxybenzoic acid,linatine,(R)-amphetamine,hydroxychloroquine,and L-altarate in the vaginal secretions of the pregnant group(P<0.05),and that there were significant differences in isocitric acid,quassin,citrinin,and 12(R)-HETE in the cervical secretions(P<0.05).5)Metabolite analysis at different time points showed that,in the non-pregnant group,there were significant differences in linatine,decanoyl-L-carnitine,aspartame,sphingosine,and hydroxychloroquine in the vaginal secretions(P<0.05),and the isocitric acid,quassin,ctrinin,and 12(R)-HETE in the cervical secretions(P<0.05).6)Combined microbiome and metabolomics analysis showed that certain metabolites were significantly associated with microbial communities,especially Klebsiella.Conclusions Significant differences in the microbiota genera and metabolites at different time points were found during the frozen-embryo transfer cycle of hormone replacement therapy,which may be used as potential biomarkers to predict pregnancy outcomes of embryo transfer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of a foldable pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap to repair soft tissue defects in the shoulder and back. METHODS: Between August 2018 and January 2023, the foldable pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps were used to repair soft tissue defects in the shoulder and back of 8 patients. There were 5 males and 3 females with the age ranged from 21 to 56 years (mean, 35.4 years). Wounds were located in the shoulder in 2 cases and in the shoulder and back in 6 cases. The causes of injury were chronic infection of skin and bone exposure in 2 cases, secondary wound after extensive resection of skin and soft tissue tumor in 4 cases, and wound formation caused by traffic accident in 2 cases. Skin defect areas ranged from 14 cm×13 cm to 20 cm×16 cm. The disease duration ranged from 12 days to 1 year (median, 6.6 months). A pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap was designed and harvested. The flap was divided into A/B flap and then were folded to repair the wound, with the donor area of the flap being pulled and sutured in one stage. RESULTS: All 7 flaps survived, with primary wound healing. One patient suffered from distal flap necrosis and delayed healing was achieved after dressing change. The incisions of all donor sites healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 6 months to 4 years (mean, 24.7 months). The skin flap has a good appearance with no swelling in the pedicle. At last follow-up, 6 patients had no significant difference in bilateral shoulder joint motion, and 2 patients had a slight decrease in abduction range of motion compared with the healthy side. The patients' daily life were not affected, and linear scar was left in the donor site. CONCLUSION The foldable pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap is an ideal method to repair the soft tissue defect of shoulder and back with simple operation, less damage to the donor site, and quick recovery after operation.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Plastic Surgery Procedures ; Myocutaneous Flap/surgery* ; Shoulder/surgery* ; Skin Transplantation ; Superficial Back Muscles/transplantation* ; Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery* ; Wound Healing ; Treatment Outcome ; Perforator Flap