Narcotic plants are strictly regulated worldwide due to their ability to extract drug alkaloids and drug precursor components. Besides the three traditional core species, cannabis, opium poppy, and coca, the misuse of psychoactive plants with addictive properties has become increasingly prevalent globally in recent years, and the establishment of accurate identification methods for such plants has become an urgent need in the field of narcotics control. Within existing identification frameworks, the conventional morphological and chemical analysis methods, despite their long-term application, have demonstrated considerable limitations. In contrast, DNA-based molecular identification techniques have achieved significant advancement in recent years due to their high specificity and stability. This review comprehensively examines current DNA-based identification approaches for narcotic plants through three key dimensions: DNA molecular marker technology, DNA barcoding technology, and emerging molecular biological techniques, and elaborates on the principles, technical characteristics, application scenarios, and research progress of each technology, providing some reference for the scientific selection of DNA identification strategies for narcotic plants in different specific scenarios.

The paper summarized the literature in recent 5 years about the researches on the metabolic syndrome (MS) in traditional Chinese medicine. The paper discussed the etiology and pathogenesis, summarized the clinical research and experiment of traditional Chinese medicine for MS.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Iatrogenic Disease ; Male ; Meningocele ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Nose ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of skin prick test with allergens of Allergopharma company or ALK company in Shanghai area. METHOD: The study included 9 233 patients diagnosed as allergic rhinitis. The patients were divided in to two groups (Allergopharma group and Alutard-SQ group) SPT was given from June, 2005 to Feb, 2013. The results of the positive rate using two reagents were analyzed and compared. RESULT: There were no significant differences between the two groups in age and gender (P > 0.05). The total positive rate in Allergopharma group was 62.90%, and 59.68% in Alutard-SQ group. The positive rate in Allergopharma group was significantly higher than that in Alutard-SQ group (P < 0.01). Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) were identified as the mostly responsible allergens. The positive rate of Der f in Allergopharma group and Alutard-SQ group was 55.23% and 45.57% respectively. The same rate were 54.83% and 47.89% of Der p. There were significant differences of the positive rate of two allergens in both groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The total positive rate was different using different allergens for SPT among the patients diagnosed as allergic rhinitis of the same area. Dust mites were identified as main allergens. The positive rate was different when using different reagents, which needed more attention to make the decision of specific immune therapy.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Allergens ; immunology ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; diagnosis ; Skin Tests ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the methodology and efficacy of endoscopic sphenopalatine artery diathermy in management of refractory epistaxis. METHOD: Twenty patients with severe intractable posterior epistaxis, who had underwent various procedures like nasal packing, electro- or chemical cautery or others and still exacerbated, were subjected to this study. Under general anesthesia, according to the endoscopic anatomy of the sphenopalatine foramen, the sphenopalatine artery was identified under the posterior tip of the middle turbinate. After the pedicle of the artery was delineated, a bipolar cauterized the artery and transected it. RESULT: Twenty patients have been followed up for 5 to 20 months with an average of 10 months. No patients suffered recurrent epistaxis during the period. Only 1 patients in this series reported minor nasal adhesion. CONCLUSION Diathermy of sphenopalatine artery, as a purely endonasal procedure, is an effective and microinvasive means of achieving long-term control of refractory epistaxis. It has few complications associated with other forms of arterial ligation.
Adult ; Aged ; Diathermy ; methods ; Endoscopy ; Epistaxis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Artery ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome