Objective:To analyze the expression of heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) in pancreatic cancer tissues and its potential diagnostic value for pancreatic cancer.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on surgical specimens and clinical data from 99 patients with pancreatic cancer who were treated at Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2018 to May 2023, including 58 males and 41 females, with the age of (63.5±23.5) years. Among them, 44 patients (44.4%) were used for pathological examination and prognostic analysis, while 55 patients (55.6%) were tested for plasma HSP90α levels to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy for pancreatic cancer. Blood samples from 119 healthy individuals undergoing routine physical examinations at the same hospital during the same period were collected, including 74 males and 45 females, with the age of (50.5±25.5) years, and plasma HSP90α levels were measured. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect the expression of HSP90α in cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of HSP90α, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) for pancreatic cancer. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival rates. The correlation between HSP90α positive expression in cancer tissues and mutant p53 positive expression was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis.Results:Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the positive expression rate of HSP90α in pancreatic cancer tissues was 81.8%(36/44), higher than that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues 13.6%(6/44)( χ2=19.82, P<0.01). HSP90α positive expression in pancreatic cancer tissues was positively correlated with mutant p53 positive expression (correlation coefficient was 0.57, P<0.001). The median plasma HSP90α level in the pancreatic cancer group ( n=55) was 83.30 (48.30, 212.00) μg/L, which was significantly higher than that in the normal control group ( n=119), with a median of 37.00 (29.20, 43.50) μg/L, showing a statistically significant difference ( Z=-7.34, P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for plasma HSP90α in diagnosing pancreatic cancer was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.77-0.92), with an optimal cutoff value of 53.52 μg/L, yielding a sensitivity of 69.1% (38/55) and a specificity of 98.3% (117/119). The AUC for HSP90α in diagnosing pancreatic cancer was higher than that of CEA, CA19-9, and CA125. In the immunohistochemical analysis of cancer tissues, the one-year cumulative survival rate of the HSP90α-negative group ( n=8) was 87.5%, which was significantly higher than that of the HSP90α-positive group ( n=36), which was 18.8%( χ2=12.74, P<0.001). Conclusions:HSP90α is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues, which is positively correlated with mutant p53 positive expression. Patients with positive HSP90α expression have a poorer prognosis. HSP90α demonstrates good diagnostic performance for pancreatic cancer and holds potential for clinical application.

Objective:To analyze the expression of heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) in pancreatic cancer tissues and its potential diagnostic value for pancreatic cancer.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on surgical specimens and clinical data from 99 patients with pancreatic cancer who were treated at Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2018 to May 2023, including 58 males and 41 females, with the age of (63.5±23.5) years. Among them, 44 patients (44.4%) were used for pathological examination and prognostic analysis, while 55 patients (55.6%) were tested for plasma HSP90α levels to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy for pancreatic cancer. Blood samples from 119 healthy individuals undergoing routine physical examinations at the same hospital during the same period were collected, including 74 males and 45 females, with the age of (50.5±25.5) years, and plasma HSP90α levels were measured. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect the expression of HSP90α in cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of HSP90α, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) for pancreatic cancer. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival rates. The correlation between HSP90α positive expression in cancer tissues and mutant p53 positive expression was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis.Results:Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the positive expression rate of HSP90α in pancreatic cancer tissues was 81.8%(36/44), higher than that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues 13.6%(6/44)( χ2=19.82, P<0.01). HSP90α positive expression in pancreatic cancer tissues was positively correlated with mutant p53 positive expression (correlation coefficient was 0.57, P<0.001). The median plasma HSP90α level in the pancreatic cancer group ( n=55) was 83.30 (48.30, 212.00) μg/L, which was significantly higher than that in the normal control group ( n=119), with a median of 37.00 (29.20, 43.50) μg/L, showing a statistically significant difference ( Z=-7.34, P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for plasma HSP90α in diagnosing pancreatic cancer was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.77-0.92), with an optimal cutoff value of 53.52 μg/L, yielding a sensitivity of 69.1% (38/55) and a specificity of 98.3% (117/119). The AUC for HSP90α in diagnosing pancreatic cancer was higher than that of CEA, CA19-9, and CA125. In the immunohistochemical analysis of cancer tissues, the one-year cumulative survival rate of the HSP90α-negative group ( n=8) was 87.5%, which was significantly higher than that of the HSP90α-positive group ( n=36), which was 18.8%( χ2=12.74, P<0.001). Conclusions:HSP90α is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues, which is positively correlated with mutant p53 positive expression. Patients with positive HSP90α expression have a poorer prognosis. HSP90α demonstrates good diagnostic performance for pancreatic cancer and holds potential for clinical application.

Objective:To analyze the expression of tubulin-tyrosine ligase-like 12 (TTLL12) in hilar cholangiocarcinoma and its adjacent tissues, and to explore the relationship between TTLL12 and clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods:The carcinoma tissues and paracancerous tissues of 45 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who had been operated in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were collected to prepare paraffin sections, including 27 males and 18 females, aged (58.8±8.5) years. The expression of TTLL12 and Ki-67 was detected by immunohistochemical staining. According to TTLL12 expression in cancer tissues, 45 patients were divided into negative group ( n=15) and positive group ( n=30). The relationship between TTLL12 positive expression and clinicopathological features such as lymph node metastasis and tumor differentiation was analyzed. The correlation between TTLL12 and Ki-67 expression in cancer tissues was analyze by Spearman correlation analysis. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and log-rank test was used to compare the survival rate. Results:Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of TTLL12 and Ki-67 in 45 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues. The expression of TTLL12 in hilar cholangiocarcinoma was positively correlated with that of Ki-67 (correlation coefficient was 0.601, P<0.001). The positive expression rates of TTLL12 and Ki-67 in 45 cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma were 66.7% (30/45) and 77.8% (35/45), respectively, which were higher than those in adjacent tissues 11.1% (5/45) and 15.6% (7/45), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=11.25, 29.01, both P<0.001). The positive expression of TTLL12 and Ki-67 in hilar cholangiocarcinoma was correlated with lymph node metastasis and tumor differentiation (all P<0.05). The median overall survival time was 44 months in TTLL12 negative group and 21 months in TTLL12 positive group. The 5-year survival rate of TTLL12 carcinoma tissue negative expression group was 33.1%, which was better than that of TTLL12 carcinoma tissue expression positive group (18.3%), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=6.12, P=0.013). Conclusions:The expression of TTLL12 in hilar cholangiocarcinoma was higher than that in paracancerous tissues, and there was a positive correlation between TTLL12 and Ki-67 in carcinoma tissues. The positive expression of TTLL12 is closely related to tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of patients. TTLL12 may be a marker for predicting the prognosis of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Colon cancer associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) is found recently an important member of cancer-related long non-coding RNA (lncRNA).Dysregulation of CCAT2 plays a pivotal role in tumor pathophysiological processes,especially in tumourigenesis and progression of digestive system neoplasms,thus,CCAT2 likely represents a novel cancer biomarker or therapeutic target.Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of CCAT2 will provide a feasible theoretical basis and potential interventional target for the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies.The present review summarizes current evidences of CCAT2 in digestive system neoplasms.

HOXD-AS1 is a recently discovered pivotal cancer-related long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) .Abnormal expression of HOXD-AS1 exhibits a regulatory role in the occurrence and development of tumors,and is expected to become a new tumor marker.Clarifying the mechanism of HOXD-AS1 will provide a feasible theoretical basis and potential intervention targets for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.This article reviews the current research status of HOXD-AS1 in tumors.

Objective To explore the expression of frizzled-7 and β-catenin proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),and determine their relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis.Methods Expression levels of frizzled-7 and β-catenin proteins were detected by the SP immunohistochemical technique in 64 cases of HCC and 15 normal liver tissues.Results Frizzled-7 and β-catenin proteins were found in 42 (65.6％) and 45 (70.3％) of tumor specimens respectively,which was significantly higher than that in normal liver tissues.The expression of frizzled-7 protein was significantly positively correlated with that of β-catenin (P ＜ 0.05) in HCC.The high expression of frizzled-7 was closely correlated to tumor size (P =0.014),histologic grade (P =0.020),portal vein tumor thrombus (P =0.034),tumor recurrence (2 years,P =0.030),TNM stage (P =0.022),and HBsAg (P =0.025),and negatively correlated with 5-year postoperative survival (47.6％ vs.13.2％).The expression of β-catenin protein was significantly associated with histologic grade (P =0.012),tumor recurrence (2 years,P =0.010),and TNM stage (P =0.026),and negatively correlated with 5-year postoperative survival (36.8％ vs.20.0％).Conclusions Frizzled-7 is overexpressed in HCC and associated with decreased postoperative survival.Moreover,frizzled-7 may up-regulate the expression of β-catenin and promote β-catenin-mediated tumor invasion and recurrence.