Objective:To compare the efficacy of anrikefon and tegileridine for analgesia in patients with moderate-to-severe pain after abdominal surgery with general anesthesia.Methods:In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trial, 101 patients with moderate to severe pain (numeric pain rating scale [NRS] score ≥4 within 4 h after operation) after abdominal surgery with general anesthesia between February 24 and April 1, 2025, aged 18-70 yr, with a body mass index of 18-40 kg/m 2, were assigned to anrikefon group ( n=50) and tegileridine group ( n=51) in a 1∶1 ratio using stratified blocked randomization. Double-dummy design was employed to maintain blinding. Each group received an initial intravenous injection of anrikefon 1 μg/kg or tegileridine 1 mg, followed by connection to a patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) pump (the PCIA solution contained normal saline in anrikefon group; the PCIA solution contained tegileridine 5 mg in tegileridine pump) within 10 min. If the patient′s NRS score ≥4 at 8 and 16 h after the initial injection, anrikefon 1 μg/kg was intravenously injected in anrikefon group, and tegileridine group received the equal volume of normal saline. The primary efficacy endpoint was the sum of pain intensity difference (SPID) over the first 24 h after the initial dose (SPID 0-24h). The secondary efficacy endpoints included the incidence and severity of vomiting and nausea, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV), the proportion of patients who received antiemetic treatment, and total consumption of antiemetics within 0-24 h after the initial dose, NRS score at rest ≤ 1 at 24 h after the initial dose, and NRS score at rest ≤ 3 over the first 24 h after the initial dose. Safety indicators included adverse events, vital signs, physical examination findings, 12-lead ECG and laboratory test indicators, and adverse events of special interest. Results:Compared with tegileridine group, no significant change was found in the SPID 0-24h ( P>0.05), and the incidence of vomiting, PONV, proportion of patients requiring antiemetic medication, and total consumption of antiemetics were significantly decreased within the first 24 h after the initial dose in tegileridine group ( P<0.05). One treatment-emergent adverse event of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 or higher occurred in tegileridine group, while no treatment-emergent adverse events of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 or higher were found in anrikefon group. Among the adverse events of special interest, one case of respiratory depression and one case of cough occurred in tegileridine group, while one case of cough occurred in anrikefon group, with no respiratory depression. Conclusions:Anrikefon and tegileridine provide comparable analgesic efficacy for moderate-to-severe pain after abdominal surgery with general anesthesia. However, anrikefon exhibits an advantage in reducing the risk of PONV, with a superior safety profile.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of anrikefon and tegileridine for analgesia in patients with moderate-to-severe pain after abdominal surgery with general anesthesia.Methods:In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trial, 101 patients with moderate to severe pain (numeric pain rating scale [NRS] score ≥4 within 4 h after operation) after abdominal surgery with general anesthesia between February 24 and April 1, 2025, aged 18-70 yr, with a body mass index of 18-40 kg/m 2, were assigned to anrikefon group ( n=50) and tegileridine group ( n=51) in a 1∶1 ratio using stratified blocked randomization. Double-dummy design was employed to maintain blinding. Each group received an initial intravenous injection of anrikefon 1 μg/kg or tegileridine 1 mg, followed by connection to a patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) pump (the PCIA solution contained normal saline in anrikefon group; the PCIA solution contained tegileridine 5 mg in tegileridine pump) within 10 min. If the patient′s NRS score ≥4 at 8 and 16 h after the initial injection, anrikefon 1 μg/kg was intravenously injected in anrikefon group, and tegileridine group received the equal volume of normal saline. The primary efficacy endpoint was the sum of pain intensity difference (SPID) over the first 24 h after the initial dose (SPID 0-24h). The secondary efficacy endpoints included the incidence and severity of vomiting and nausea, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV), the proportion of patients who received antiemetic treatment, and total consumption of antiemetics within 0-24 h after the initial dose, NRS score at rest ≤ 1 at 24 h after the initial dose, and NRS score at rest ≤ 3 over the first 24 h after the initial dose. Safety indicators included adverse events, vital signs, physical examination findings, 12-lead ECG and laboratory test indicators, and adverse events of special interest. Results:Compared with tegileridine group, no significant change was found in the SPID 0-24h ( P>0.05), and the incidence of vomiting, PONV, proportion of patients requiring antiemetic medication, and total consumption of antiemetics were significantly decreased within the first 24 h after the initial dose in tegileridine group ( P<0.05). One treatment-emergent adverse event of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 or higher occurred in tegileridine group, while no treatment-emergent adverse events of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 or higher were found in anrikefon group. Among the adverse events of special interest, one case of respiratory depression and one case of cough occurred in tegileridine group, while one case of cough occurred in anrikefon group, with no respiratory depression. Conclusions:Anrikefon and tegileridine provide comparable analgesic efficacy for moderate-to-severe pain after abdominal surgery with general anesthesia. However, anrikefon exhibits an advantage in reducing the risk of PONV, with a superior safety profile.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of remimazolam on early postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients with hip fracture based on a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: A total of 106 elderly patients, aged 65-90 years, ASA grade Ⅱ or III, who underwent hip fracture surgery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from December 2022 to June 2023 and met the inclusion criteria, were selected and randomized into remimazolam group (group R) and propofol group (group P) according to the random number table, with 53 cases in each group. Patients in group P received a slow intravenous injection of propofol at a dose of 0.3-0.5 mg / kg (injection time of 1min), followed by a pump infusion at 0.5-3 mg · kg

Acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Chemotherapy is the main treatment for most patients, but there are serious side effects. CD19 is generally highly expressed in B-lineage malignancies and plays a key role in B cell signal transduction, activation and development. Therefore, it has become one of the effective targets for treatment of B-cell malignancies. At present, a variety of therapies targeting CD19 have been developed, including antibody drug conjugates, monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptors cell therapies. This paper reviews the clinical trial progress of CD19-targeted therapy for B-ALL.

The perioperative shivering, as one of the adverse reactions during cesarean sections, has many bad influences on the parturients and the neonates. Several studies have already explored in the evaluation methods, risk factors, possible mechanisms, and effective prevention measures for the occurrence of perioperative shivering during cesarean sections. This article will make a review on the basis of literature, hoping to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of shivering during the perioperative period of cesarean section.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms of norepinephrine metabolizing enzymes with postpartum depression and analyze the risk factors for postpartum depression in women following cesarean section. METHODS: A total of 591 Chinese woman of Han Nationality undergoing caesarean section were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of postpartum depression was established for an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score ≥9. For all the women without antepartum depression, the genotypes of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; at 5 sites including rs2020917 and rs737865) and monoamine oxidase A (rs6323) were determined using Sequenom Mass Array single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. We analyzed the contribution of the genetic factors (SNPs, linkage disequilibrium and haplotype) to postpartum depression and performed logistic regression analysis to identify all the potential risk factors for postpartum depression and define the interactions between the genetic and environmental factors. RESULTS: The incidence of postpartum depression was 18.1% in this cohort. Univariate analysis suggested that COMT polymorphism at rs2020917 (TT genotype) and rs737865 (GG genotype) were significantly correlated with the occurrence of postpartum depression ( < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that COMT polymorphism at rs2020917 (TT genotype) and rs737865 (GG genotype), severe stress during pregnancy, and domestic violence were the risk factors for postpartum depression ( < 0.05); no obvious interaction was found between the genetic polymorphisms and the environmental factors in the occurrence of postpartum depression. CONCLUSIONS The rs2020917TT and rs737865GG genotypes of COMT, stress in pregnancy, and domestic violence are the risk factors for postpartum depression.
Catechol O-Methyltransferase ; genetics ; Cesarean Section ; adverse effects ; Depression, Postpartum ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; genetics ; Domestic Violence ; psychology ; Female ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Monoamine Oxidase ; genetics ; Norepinephrine ; metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Postoperative Complications ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; genetics ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; etiology ; psychology ; Risk Factors ; Stress, Psychological

To explore the correlation between kynurenine (KYN) metabolites and postpartum depression (PPD), and to provide new possible explanation for the pathogenesis of postpartum depression (PPD).
 Methods: A total of 726 Chinese women, who received cesarean section, were enrolled in this study. PPD was diagnosed with an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score ≥13. Twenty-four women with PPD and 48 matched women without PPD were randomly selected. The perinatal serum concentrations of KYN, quinolinic acid (QUIN) and kynurenic acid (KYNA) were measured. Subsequently, the puerperants were compared for the differences in the serum concentrations of KYN, QUIN and KYNA at the end of term, day 1 and day 3 after cesarean section, respectively.
 Results: The incidence of PPD was 7.99%. Of clinical characteristics, pressure during pregnancy was significantly different between subjects with or without PPD (P<0.01). Patients with PPD showed significantly increased serum KYN concentration (P<0.05) at the end of term, increased serum QUIN concentration (P<0.05) and decreased KYNA concentration (P<0.05) on the third day after cesarean section as compared with the control women. Furthermore, the KYNA/QUIN ratio was significantly higher in patients with PPD as compared to the control women on the third day after cesarean section (P<0.01).
 Conclusion: The contribution of alterations in plasma levels of KYN, QUIN and KYNA is closely related with the incidence of PPD, and correction of KYNA/QUIN ratio could be a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of postpartum depressive symptoms.
Biomarkers ; blood ; Cesarean Section ; psychology ; China ; epidemiology ; Depression, Postpartum ; blood ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kynurenic Acid ; blood ; Kynurenine ; blood ; Pregnancy ; Quinolinic Acid ; blood

Objective To study the correlations between the genetic polymorphism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the postpartum depression (PPD) in cesarean section parturient. Methods Three hundred and sixty parturients, who underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia from Feb. 2014 to Feb. 2015 in Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University or Hunan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, were selected as subjects. The general information of parturients was recorded and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to evaluate the depression condition of parturients at the prenatal 1 day and the 42th day postpartum, and with a cut-off point of 12/13 for identifying PPD. The genotypes of BDNF gene locus G712A, rs56164415, rs11030100, rs11030101 and rs6265 were measured by Sequenom? Mass Array SNP. Finally, the correlations of PPD to different genotypes and general information of parturients were statistically analyzed. Results The incidence of PPD among the selected subjects was 7.2%. Pregnancy mental stress, poor pregnancy mood, perinatal elevated monocyte count, prenatal depression mood and BDNF gene locus rs6265 mutation all could affect the incidence of PPD in cesarean section parturients (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference existed between BDNF gene G712A, rs11030101, rs11030100 and rs56164415 locus mutation and PPD (P>0.05), and their haploid forms were not related to PPD also. Conclusion BDNF rs6265CC genotype, pregnancy mental stress, poor pregnancy mood, perinatal elevated monocyte count and prenatal depression mood are the risk factors for postpartum depression.

Objective To evaluate the effect of MDR1 gene polymorphisms on the neuromuscular block of rocuronium. Methods One hundred thirty-five patients, aged 18-50 yr, with body mass index of 18-25 kg∕m2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic operation under general anesthesia, were enrolled in the study. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 006 mg∕kg, sufentanil 07 μg∕kg, propofol(target plasma concentration 6 μg∕ml)and remifentanil(target plasma concentration 6 ng∕ml). After the patients lost consciousness, neuromuscular block was assessed with TOF-Watch SX accelerometer, and rocuronium 06 mg∕kg was intravenously injec-ted. Anesthesia was maintained by target-controlled infusion of propofol(target plasma concentration 3-5 μg∕ml)and remifentanil(target plasma concentration 3-6 ng∕ml). Rocuronium 015 mg∕kg was added when T1reached 25% of control. The onset time of rocuronium, maintenance time of induction dose, main-tenance time of additional dose and recovery index were recorded. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected for MDR1 genotype(MDR1 1236 C>T and 3435 C>T)analysis using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results For MDR1 1236 C>T genotype, there were 19 cases of MDR1 1236 CC genotype, 72 cases of MDR1 1236 TT genotype, 44 cases of MDR1 1236 CT genotype. Compared with patients of MDR1 1236 CC, the maintenance time of induction dose, maintenance time of additional dose and recovery index were significantly prolonged in patients of MDR1 1236 TT and CT geno-types(P<005). For MDR1 3435 C>T genotype, there were 58 cases of MDR1 3435 CC genotype, 55 cases of MDR1 3435 TT genotype, 22 cases of MDR1 3435 TC genotype. There was no significant differ-ence in maintenance time of induction dose, maintenance time of additional dose and recovery index among patients of different MDR1 3435 C>T genotypes(P>005). Conclusion MDR1 1236 C>T gene poly-morphisms affects the neuromuscular block of rocuronium, and the genetic factor may be one of the reasons contributing to the individual variation in the efficacy.

Objective:To observe the effect of parecoxib on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)after the modified radical mastectomy,and to explore its potential mechanisms for inhibition ofperioperative inflammation.Methods:A total of 40 breast cancer patients undergone the modified radical mastectomy were randomly divided into a parecoxib group (n=20) and a control group (n=20).The parecoxib group received intravenous parecoxib (40 mg,5 mL) during general anesthesia induction,post-operative day 1 and day 2;the control group received intravenous normal saline (5 mL) at the corresponding time points.Their peripheral bloods were collected for routine test in the morning of the surgery day (T1),and Day 1 (T2),Day 3 (T3) and Day7 (T4) after the surgery, and NLRwas calculated.Results:Compared with T1,NLR in the control group at T2 and T3 was significantly increased (P＜0.05),but not at T4 (P＞0.05);NLR in the parecoxib group was sharply increased at T2 (P＜0.01),and returned to preoperative levels at T3 and T4 (P＞0.05).NLR in the parecoxib group was significantly lower than that in the control group at T2 (P＜0.05),but there were no significant difference between the two groups at other time points (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Parecoxib can restrain the inflammatory responses and improve immune function of the breast cancer patients by suppressing the elevation of NLR after the modified radical mastectomy,which is expected to improve the prognosis of the breast cancer patients.