Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of combining low-frequency pulsed electrical stimulation with Beckman oral muscle exercise training in relieving drooling among persons with Parkinson′s disease (PD).Methods:A random number table was used to divide 120 PD patients with drooling into a mouth muscle training group, an electrical stimulation group, and an observation group, with 40 patients in each group. In addition to routine medication, the oral muscle training group was given Beckman oral muscle exercise training, the electrical stimulation group underwent low-frequency pulsed electrical stimulation treatment, while the observation group was provided with both. Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, the severity of salivation, the frequency of repeated empty swallowing, oral motor function, saliva secretion, and life quality of the three groups were evaluated using the Saliva Rating Scale (DRS), the Repeated Saliva Swallowing Test (RSST), oral motor function grading, the Parkinson′s Disease Saliva Clinical Scale (SCS-PD), saliva weighing, and the PD Quality of Life Scale (PDQ-39).Results:After the treatment the average DRS, SCS-PD, saliva weighing and PDQ-39 results of the observation group were significantly better than those before treatment and better than the other 2 groups′ averages. That group′s average RSST and oral motor function scores had increased significantly compared to before treatment, and compared with the other 2 groups′ averages at the same time point.Conclusions:Combining low-frequency pulsed electrical stimulation with Beckman oral muscle exercise can improve oral motor function, swallowing, and the life quality of PD patients who drool. It is more effective than electrical stimulation or oral muscle exercise training alone. Such combination therapy is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of combining low-frequency pulsed electrical stimulation with Beckman oral muscle exercise training in relieving drooling among persons with Parkinson′s disease (PD).Methods:A random number table was used to divide 120 PD patients with drooling into a mouth muscle training group, an electrical stimulation group, and an observation group, with 40 patients in each group. In addition to routine medication, the oral muscle training group was given Beckman oral muscle exercise training, the electrical stimulation group underwent low-frequency pulsed electrical stimulation treatment, while the observation group was provided with both. Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, the severity of salivation, the frequency of repeated empty swallowing, oral motor function, saliva secretion, and life quality of the three groups were evaluated using the Saliva Rating Scale (DRS), the Repeated Saliva Swallowing Test (RSST), oral motor function grading, the Parkinson′s Disease Saliva Clinical Scale (SCS-PD), saliva weighing, and the PD Quality of Life Scale (PDQ-39).Results:After the treatment the average DRS, SCS-PD, saliva weighing and PDQ-39 results of the observation group were significantly better than those before treatment and better than the other 2 groups′ averages. That group′s average RSST and oral motor function scores had increased significantly compared to before treatment, and compared with the other 2 groups′ averages at the same time point.Conclusions:Combining low-frequency pulsed electrical stimulation with Beckman oral muscle exercise can improve oral motor function, swallowing, and the life quality of PD patients who drool. It is more effective than electrical stimulation or oral muscle exercise training alone. Such combination therapy is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been widely used owing to its ability to stimulate tissue regeneration. To date, few studies have described the antibacterial properties of PRF. Previously, PRF prepared by horizontal centrifugation (H-PRF) was shown to contain more immune cells than leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF). This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effects of PRFs against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro and to determine whether the antibacterial effects correlated with the number of immune cells. Blood samples were obtained from eight healthy donors to prepare L-PRF and H-PRF. The sizes and weights of L-PRF and H-PRF were first evaluated, and their antibacterial effects against S. aureus and E. coli were then tested in vitro using the inhibition ring and plate-counting test methods. Flow-cytometric analysis of the cell components of L-PRF and H-PRF was also performed. No significant differences in size or weight were observed between the L-PRF and H-PRF groups. The H-PRF group contained more leukocytes than the L-PRF group. While both PRFs had notable antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, H-PRF demonstrated a significantly better antibacterial effect than L-PRF. Furthermore, the antimicrobial ability of the PRF solid was less efficient than that of wet PRF. In conclusion, H-PRF exhibited better antibacterial activity than L-PRF, which might have been attributed to having more immune cells.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Centrifugation ; Escherichia coli ; Leukocytes ; Platelet-Rich Fibrin ; Staphylococcus aureus

Objective: To summarize the effect of modified David technique on acute type A aortic dissection sinus formation. Methods: From March 2018 to September 2018, modified David technique was applied to aortic sinus remodeling in acute A-type aortic dissection in 19 patients, 13 males and 6 females. The age was 45-67(50.42±15.37) years old and the weight was 45-112(60.32±25.18) kg. Single sinus(noncoronary sinus) was repaired in 15 cases, double sinus formation(noncoronary sinus+ right coronary sinus+ coronary artery transplantation) in 2 cases, left sinus Florid sleeve technical treatment plus double sinus formation(noncoronary sinus+ right coronary sinus+ coronary artery transplantation) in 1 case, Single sinus(noncoronary sinus) repaired and aortic vavle replacement in 1 case. Frozen elephant trunk and total arch replacement in 13 cases, hemiarch replacement in 3 cases. Results: There were no deaths in this group. The cardiopulmonary bypass time was 176-245(193.27±32.46) minutes, the aortic cross clamp time was 105-187(122.36±18.57)minutes, and the operation time was 6.5-11.0(7.63±1.31) hours. The mechanical ventilation time was 18-122(48.27±34.73)hours, the intensive care unit stay time was 2-10(5.35±2.62) days, and the postoperative hospital stay was 7-22(12.63±3.25)days. There was no delayed sternal closure during operation, and there was no secondary thoracotomy after operation. One patient developed a transient advanced atrioventricular block. Transient neurological dysfunction was observed in 5 patients. All patients were followed up for more than half a year. The color Doppler echocardiography and computed tomography angiograph(CTA)showed no aortic regurgitation or residual dissection. Conclusion The application of modified David technique in the remodeling of aortic root sinus in acute type A aortic dissection is an effective technique with relatively simple process, which is worth promoting.

Objective To explore the safety and cosmetic effect of nipple-sparing modified radical mas tectomy and immediate tissue expander implantation with single circumaereolar incision.Methods 30 patients were enrolled in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between Jan.2014 and Dec.2015.All the patients were categorized according to surgical incision (single circumaereolar incision group vs double incisions group).Data on clinicopathological parameters,average hospital stay,complications and overall cosmetic effect were retrospectively collected.Data was performed with Chi-square test,Fisher exact test and t-test.Statistical significance was defined as P＜0.05.Results 19 patients were enrolled in single circumaereolar incision group,and 11 patients in double incisions group.There was no significant difference for operation duration (P=0.093) and average hospital stay (P=0.339).After follow-up for 19.1 months,ranging from 8 to 31 months,no patients developed seroma or arm lymphedema.There was no statistical significance between the two groups in terms of sensation in nippleaereolar area (P=0.973),bilateral symmetry (P=0.650) and overall cosmesis (P=0.483).Conclusion single circumaereolar incision nipple-sparing modified radical mastectomy and immediate tissue expander implantation can be one of the preferable surgical procedures with benefits of minimal invasiveness,reliable oncological safety and decent cosmetic effect.

Objective Total aortic arch replacement and stented elephant trunk surgery is an important surgical method for acute type A aortic dissection, and the short, middle, long term curative effect has been recognized by more and more experts at home and abroad.Circulatory arrest was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications and mortality in patients with type A aortic dissection.The aim of this article is to observed the effection of a new technology to block aortic arch, whicn can shorten the circulatory arrest time to 2 minutes and avoid harm of circulatory arrest on patients.Methods From May 2016 to February 2017, 68 patients with acute type A aortic dissection were divided into the conventional group and the modified group.All the patients underwent total arch replacement and stented elephant trunk surgery.The rectal temperature of the conventional group was 25℃ and circulatory arrest time was 20 min.While the rectal temperature of the modified group was 28℃ and and circulatory arrest time was 2 min.Results In the conventional operation group, 3 patients died after operation while all the patients in the modified group were cured and discharged.There are no differences between the two groups in the time of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) and heart arrest time(P>0.05).There are Significant differences in CPB time, circulatory arrest time, postoperative awake time, intubation time, amount of blood used, the amount of drainage during the first two days after operation, the time staying in ICU and the postoperative time in hospital.And the modified group was much better.(P<0.05)Conclusion The results of new technology blocking aortic arch in the patients with acute type A aortic dissection are better than the conventional surgical approach during the perioperative period.This technology is simple and effective.It is worth promoting.

To develop a more efficient antithrombotic way after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the anticoagulant effects were compared of human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) gene transfection and aspirin oral administration (traditional method) on vein grafts. An eukaryotic expression plasmid pCMV-(Kozak) TFPI was prepared. Animal model of carotid artery bypass grafting was constructed. In operation, endothelial cells of vein grafts in TFPI group and empty plasmid control group were transfected with pCMV-(Kozak) TFPI and empty plasmid pCMV respectively, while no transfection was conducted in aspirin control group. After operation, aspirin (2 mg.kg(-1).(-1)) was administered (i.g.) in aspirin control group. Three days later, grafts (n=10) were harvested for RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses of exogenous gene expression and for pathological, scanning electron microscopic observation of thrombus. Thirty days later, the patency rates of remnant grafts (n=10) were recorded by vessel Doppler ultrasonography. Human TFPI gene products were detected in gene transferred vein grafts. Three days later, thrombi were found in 7 animals of aspirin control group and in 8 animals of empty plasmid control group, but in only 1 of TFPI group (P<0.01). Thirty days later, 5 grafts were occluded in empty plasmid control group, but none of grafts was occluded in the other groups (P<0.05). The endothelial surfaces of grafts in both of the control groups were covered with aggregated erythrocytes and platelets, and it were not seen in TFPI group. It was suggested that the anticoagulant effects on vein grafts of human TFPI gene transfection are better than those of aspirin.
Administration, Oral ; Anticoagulants/*metabolism ; Aspirin/*administration & dosage ; Aspirin/metabolism ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lipoproteins/*metabolism ; Plasmids/metabolism ; Tissue Transplantation/*methods ; Transfection ; Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods ; Veins/*transplantation ; Venous Thrombosis/metabolism