Methods:A total of 392 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were selected from the population of the epidemiological investigation project of allergic diseases in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. The project was led by Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, and assisted by Hohhot First Hospital from April to May 2023. The patients were randomly divided into a spleen aminopeptide group (296 cases) and control group (96 cases) at a ratio of 3∶1, and the enrollment period was from June 1 to 14, 2023. The treatment group was treated with spleen aminopeptide oral solution for 12 weeks starting from 4-6 weeks (±7 days) before the pollen dispersal period, while the control group was treated with a simulated agent of spleen aminopeptide oral solution. Both the treatment group and the control group were treated with oral antihistamines and/or nasal glucocorticoids as needed during the pollen dispersal period. Evaluate the therapeutic effect by comparing the symptom scores, drug scores and quality of life scores of the two groups, and detect the expression levels of cytokines in serum. Symptom scores, quality of life scores, drug scores and laboratory results were compared by independent sample t test/Kruskal-Wallis test and χ2 test/Fisher′s exact test. Results:Compared with the control group, spleen aminopeptide treatment for 12 weeks significantly improved symptoms of nasal congestion [ M( Q1, Q3):2(1, 2) vs. 2(1, 3), H=6.308, P<0.05], nasal itching [ M( Q1, Q3):2(1, 2) vs. 2(1, 3), H=4.966, P<0.05], sneezing [ M( Q1, Q3):2(1, 2) vs. 2(1, 3), H=5.245, P<0.05], runny nose [ M( Q1, Q3):2(1, 2) vs. 2(1, 3), H=5.41, P<0.05] and tearing [ M( Q1, Q3):1(0, 2) vs. 1(0, 3), H=4.664, P<0.05]. At 12 weeks of treatment, the scores of nasal symptoms and ocular symptoms in control group and experimental group were significantly increased compared with baseline ( P<0.05). In experimental group, nasal congestion [ M( Q1, Q3):1(0, 1) vs. 1(0, 2), H=4.042, P<0.05], eye itching/foreign body sensation/redness symptom scores [ M( Q1, Q3):1(0, 2) vs. 1(0, 2), H=5.302, P<0.05] and total scores [ M( Q1, Q3):4(-1, 9) vs. 5(0, 12.5), H=3.958, P<0.05] were significantly increased. The antihistamine drug score of the splenic peptide treatment group at 6 weeks were lower than that of the control group ( H=4.232, P<0.05). After 12 weeks of treatment, the antihistamine drug score [ M( Q1, Q3):10(0, 24) vs. 19(2, 36.5), H=6.67, P<0.05] and the total drug score [ M( Q1, Q3):28.5(5, 77.5) vs. 46(6, 155.5), H=3.995, P<0.05] were significantly lower than those of the control group. The serum IL-17A levels of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group after 6 weeks (0.7±1.77 vs. 0.85±1.67 ,H=10.08, P<0.05) and 12 weeks (0.81±1.63 vs. 0.94±1.73, H=5.196, P<0.05) of splenic aminopeptide treatment. Conclusions:Early treatment with spleen aminopeptide oral solution can significantly improve nasal and ocular symptoms of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, reduce the use of drugs during the onset period, and improve the quality of life. It may exert an immunomodulatory effect by reducing the expression level of IL-17A in the serum of patients.Objects:To conduct a study on the prevention and treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effects of spleen aminopeptide oral solution on seasonal allergic rhinitis, and explore its related mechanisms.

Methods:A total of 392 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were selected from the population of the epidemiological investigation project of allergic diseases in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. The project was led by Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, and assisted by Hohhot First Hospital from April to May 2023. The patients were randomly divided into a spleen aminopeptide group (296 cases) and control group (96 cases) at a ratio of 3∶1, and the enrollment period was from June 1 to 14, 2023. The treatment group was treated with spleen aminopeptide oral solution for 12 weeks starting from 4-6 weeks (±7 days) before the pollen dispersal period, while the control group was treated with a simulated agent of spleen aminopeptide oral solution. Both the treatment group and the control group were treated with oral antihistamines and/or nasal glucocorticoids as needed during the pollen dispersal period. Evaluate the therapeutic effect by comparing the symptom scores, drug scores and quality of life scores of the two groups, and detect the expression levels of cytokines in serum. Symptom scores, quality of life scores, drug scores and laboratory results were compared by independent sample t test/Kruskal-Wallis test and χ2 test/Fisher′s exact test. Results:Compared with the control group, spleen aminopeptide treatment for 12 weeks significantly improved symptoms of nasal congestion [ M( Q1, Q3):2(1, 2) vs. 2(1, 3), H=6.308, P<0.05], nasal itching [ M( Q1, Q3):2(1, 2) vs. 2(1, 3), H=4.966, P<0.05], sneezing [ M( Q1, Q3):2(1, 2) vs. 2(1, 3), H=5.245, P<0.05], runny nose [ M( Q1, Q3):2(1, 2) vs. 2(1, 3), H=5.41, P<0.05] and tearing [ M( Q1, Q3):1(0, 2) vs. 1(0, 3), H=4.664, P<0.05]. At 12 weeks of treatment, the scores of nasal symptoms and ocular symptoms in control group and experimental group were significantly increased compared with baseline ( P<0.05). In experimental group, nasal congestion [ M( Q1, Q3):1(0, 1) vs. 1(0, 2), H=4.042, P<0.05], eye itching/foreign body sensation/redness symptom scores [ M( Q1, Q3):1(0, 2) vs. 1(0, 2), H=5.302, P<0.05] and total scores [ M( Q1, Q3):4(-1, 9) vs. 5(0, 12.5), H=3.958, P<0.05] were significantly increased. The antihistamine drug score of the splenic peptide treatment group at 6 weeks were lower than that of the control group ( H=4.232, P<0.05). After 12 weeks of treatment, the antihistamine drug score [ M( Q1, Q3):10(0, 24) vs. 19(2, 36.5), H=6.67, P<0.05] and the total drug score [ M( Q1, Q3):28.5(5, 77.5) vs. 46(6, 155.5), H=3.995, P<0.05] were significantly lower than those of the control group. The serum IL-17A levels of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group after 6 weeks (0.7±1.77 vs. 0.85±1.67 ,H=10.08, P<0.05) and 12 weeks (0.81±1.63 vs. 0.94±1.73, H=5.196, P<0.05) of splenic aminopeptide treatment. Conclusions:Early treatment with spleen aminopeptide oral solution can significantly improve nasal and ocular symptoms of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, reduce the use of drugs during the onset period, and improve the quality of life. It may exert an immunomodulatory effect by reducing the expression level of IL-17A in the serum of patients.Objects:To conduct a study on the prevention and treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effects of spleen aminopeptide oral solution on seasonal allergic rhinitis, and explore its related mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of salidroside (Sal) on bone loss in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) rats by regulating the osteoprotegerin(OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand(RANKL) pathway. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into(12 rats/group) control group,OSAS group,Sal-L,Sal-M,and Sal-H groups(17.5,35,70 mg/kg). Except for the control group,all other groups were used to replicate the OSAS rat model through hypoxia and reoxygenation cycles. Bone density meters,three-point bending experiments,and Micro CT were applied to measure the bone density,biomechanics,and microstructural changes of the femur in rats. ELISA method was applied to detect serum levels of osteocalcin(BGP),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),and cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen(CTX-I). RT-PCR was applied to detect OPG and RANKL mRNA levels in the femur. Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of OPG/RANKL pathway proteins in the femur. RESULTS Compared with the control group,the bone density,maximum intensity,maximum load,trabecular bone volume fraction(Tb.BV/TV),trabecular number(Tb.N),trabecular thickness(Tb.Th),BGP,ALP,OPG mRNA and protein expression,OPG/RANKL ratio of rats in the OSAS group were decreased,the mRNA and protein expression of CTX-I and RANKL were increased(P<0.05). Compared with the OSAS group,the bone density,maximum intensity,maximum load,Tb.BV/TV,Tb.N,Tb.Th,BGP,ALP,OPG mRNA and protein expression,OPG/RANKL ratio of rats in the Sal-L,Sal-M,and Sal-H groups were increased sequentially,the mRNA and protein expression of CTX-I and RANKL were decreased sequentially,the above changes were most great in the Sal-H group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Salidroside promotes bone formation and inhibits bone resorption by increasing OPG expression and decreasing RANKL expression,thereby reducing bone loss in OSAS rats.

Bone organoids can simulate the complex structure and function of the bone tissues, which makes them a frontier technology in organoid researches. Bone organoids show a tremendous potential of applications in bone disease modeling, bone injury repair, and medicine screening. Although advancements have been made so far in constructing bone organoids with functional structures like mineralization, bone marrow, trabecular bone, callus, woven bone, etc, the researches in this field are confronted with numerous challenges such as lack of standardized construction strategies and unified evaluation criteria, which limits their further promotion and application. To standardize researches in bone organoids, the Orthopedic Expert Committee of Geriatric Branch of Chinese Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, the Youth Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Association, the Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Surgeon Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and the Osteoporosis Committee of Shanghai Association of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine organized related experts to formulate Expert consensus on the construction, evaluation, and application of bone organoids ( version 2024) based on an evidence-based approach. A total of 17 recommendations were put forth, aiming to standardize researches and clinical applications of bone organoids and enhance their value in scientific research and clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:Swimming is an important non-pharmacological treatment for knee osteoarthritis,which can effectively alleviate the disease.However,the effect and mechanism of swimming on senile knee osteoarthritis are still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of swimming exercise on the articular cartilage of aged mice with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS:Six 3-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were selected as the young group,and twelve 18-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into the aged group and the swimming group,with six mice in each group.Mice in the swimming group received adaptive swimming for 1 week and formal swimming for 8 weeks.After the intervention,stride length analysis and sampling were performed in each group.The total number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in peripheral blood was detected by blood routine examinations.The morphology of the articular cartilage was observed by hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O-fast green staining.Chondrocyte counts and the modified Mankin's score were used to evaluate the degree of articular cartilage damage.The protein and mRNA expressions of type Ⅱ collagen,aggrecan and matrix metalloproteinase 13 in articular cartilage were detected by immunohistochemical staining and RT-qPCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the young group,the mice in the aged group showed significantly decreased stride length(P＜0.05),significantly increased numbers of peripheral leukocytes and lymphocytes(P＜0.05),significantly decreased count of chondrocytes(P＜0.05),significantly increased modified Mankin's score(P＜0.05),significantly decreased protein and mRNA expression of type Ⅱ collagen and aggreca(P＜0.05),and significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression(P＜0.05).Moreover,hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O-fast green staining showed the uneven surface of the articular cartilage,abnormal chondrocytes,and proteoglycan loss in the aged group.Compared with the aged group,swimming exercise significantly improved the stride length of mice(P＜0.05),decreased the count of peripheral blood lymphocytes(P＜0.05),increased the count of chondrocytes(P＜0.05),decreased the modified Mankin's score(P＜0.05),increased the protein and mRNA expression of type Ⅱ collagen and aggrecan(P＜0.05),and decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13(P＜0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O-fast green staining showed that the articular surface of mice in the swimming group was smooth,chondrocytes were normal,and proteoglycan loss was less.All these findings indicate that swimming exercise can reduce the number of inflammatory cells in the blood of aged mice,improve articular chondrocytes,matrix composition and cartilage tissue morphology;thus,it has a protective effect on the cartilage of aged mice with knee osteoarthritis.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemic intensity and characteristics of influenza in Changzhou City， Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2023， and to provide scientific evidence for the formulation of influenza prevention and control strategies. MethodsThe surveillance data of influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Changzhou City from April 2019 to March 2023 were collected through the China influenza surveillance information system. Influenza-like illness （ILI） cases before and after the pandemic of COVID-19 in Changzhou City were analyzed， and the differences among qualitative data were compared by using χ^² test. ResultsFrom April 2019 to March 2023 the percentages of ILI cases’ medical visits in the four-influenza surveillance year were 2.57%， 1.84%， 5.38%， and 3.66%， respectively， and the positive detection rates of influenza virus were 25.71%， 0.44%， 22.78%， and 24.32%， respectively. The number of influenza outbreaks was 61， 1， 23， and 128， respectively. ILI cases were mainly among adolescent children aged 5‒14 years. The percentage of ILI cases in 2020‒2021 after the pandemic of COVID-19 was significantly lower than that in 2019‒2020 （χ²=737.342， P<0.001）， and the percentage of ILI cases in 2021‒2023 was higher than that in 2019‒2020. Influenza viruses in 2019‒2021 were dominated by type B Victoria， and influenza A virus was the dominant strain in positive influenza virus detections in 2022‒2023. The number of influenza outbreaks in 2021‒2023 was significantly lower than that in 2019‒2020 （χ²=185.662， P<0.001）. ConclusionThe epidemiological characteristics of influenza are different in different stages of COVID-19 prevention and control during 2019‒2023. In the dynamic clearance phase of COVID-19， ILI case’s medical visits showed low-level fluctuations without obvious seasonal fluctuations， and influenza virus was dominated by type B. In the high-intensity phase of the pandemic， the level of ILI case’s medical visits has reached the peak of the calendar year， and the positive detection of influenza virus was dominated by type A H3N2. In the "Category B B control" phase， the level of ILI case’s medical visits increased after a rapid decline， and the positive detection of influenza virus was dominated by type A H1N1. It is necessary to further strengthen the monitoring of influenza cases， pay close attention to the changes in influenza strains， actively promote influenza vaccination for key population group， and promote health behavior changes for the whole population.

Objective:To explore the influence factors of neurodevelopmental disorders in children with SCN8A-related early-onset epilepsy through analyzing their clinical characteristics and following up their neurodeve-lopmental status. Methods:A retrospective analysis was carried out on 21 children (13 males and 8 females, the age ranged from 4 months to 8 years, average 31.6 months)with SCN8A-related early-onset epilepsy treated in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center and Kunming Children′s Hospital between January 2017 and February 2021.All patients underwent whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing.The pathogenicity was estimated according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.The clinical data of all patients were also collected, including the age of onset of the disease, forms of seizures, seizure frequency, neurological development at onset, electroencephalogram (EEG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Besides, the patients were followed up to acquire the effect of sodium channel blockers after the onset of seizures, the process or improvement of neurodeve-lopment, EEG evaluation and neurodevelopmental outcomes.Patients were grouped based on data analysis results.The Fisher′s exact test was conducted to measure the effect of various factors on the neurodevelopmental process and outcome, and corresponding coe-fficients were calculated. Results:The average onset age of 21 patients was 0-9 months.The follow-up duration was 4 months-8 years.Three cases died.Sixteen cases (76.2%) had early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE), 5 cases (23.8%) had epilepsy without encephalopathy, and 1 case had benign infantile epilepsy.Fourteen cases (66.7%) belonged to drug resistant epilepsy.Only one child showed normal neurodevelopment.Eleven children showed delayed neurodevelopment, but improvement was observed.Nine children were retrogressed and stagnated in terms of neurodevelopment.Small age at onset ( Fisher=9.517, P=0.020, r=0.571), high seizure frequency ( Fisher=10.512, P=0.003, r=0.572), EEG background ( Fisher=10.512, P=0.003, r=0.572), epileptic discharges ( Fisher=8.288, P=0.008, r=0.542), and EEG changes before and after treatment ( Fisher=10.437, P=0.009, r=0.586) were important factors affecting the neurodevelopmental process.Neurodevelopmental outcome was normal in only 1 case, 1 child belonged to mild mental retardation (MR), 7 children belonged to moderate MR, 3 children belonged to severe MR, and 9 children belonged to profound MR.Statistical analysis indicated that the clinical phenotype ( Fisher=10.059, P=0.004, r=0.739) and drug resistance ( Fisher=13.706, P=0.001, r=0.640) were significantly correlated with neurodevelopmental outcomes.However, the forms of seizures, EEG findings at onset and mutation sites were not related to neurodevelopmental disorders. Conclusions:Most children with SCN8A-related early-onset epilepsy are accompanied with neurodevelopmental retardation of varying degrees.Epileptic encephalopathy and poor response to drug treatment will lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders.

Objective:To study the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activity and its clinical characteristics in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Methods:From January 2016 to August 2017, patients with HFRS who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were routinely tested by EBV serology, and were divided into two groups according to their presence or absence of EBV infection, namely EBV active group and non-EBV active group. The clinical data between the two groups were compared and analyzed by SPSS 18.0.Results:A total of 188 HFRS patients were enrolled, including 73 cases in EBV active group and 115 cases in non-EBV active group. The EBV active rate of HFRS patients was 38.83% (73/188). The incidences of lumbago [57.53% (42/73) vs 42.61% (49/115)], abdominal pain [42.47% (31/73) vs 20.00% (23/115)], skin and mucosa congestion [57.53% (42/73) vs 39.13% (45/115)], and conjunctiva edema [50.68% (37/73) vs 28.70% (33/115)] in EBV active group were significantly higher than those in non-EBV active group (χ 2 = 3.983, 11.008, 6.083, 9.239, P < 0.05). There were 10, 7 and 43 patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) stage 1, 2 and 3 in EBV active group and 5, 13 and 53 patients in non-EBV active group. Degree of AKI in EBV active group was higher than that in non-EBV active group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 12.615, P < 0.05). In EBV active group, the proportion of patients whose renal function recovery over 15 days [23.29% (17/73)] and white blood cell count [11.26 (3.39 ~ 54.23) × 10 9/L] were significantly higher than those in non-EBV active group [6.96% (8/115), 10.03 (2.91 ~ 66.99) × 10 9/L], and the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 10.330, Z = - 2.003, P < 0.05). Conclusion:HFRS patients may cause latent EBV activity, complicate their clinical features, cause severe renal damage and prolong the recovery time of renal function.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expression of serum exsomal miRNA-155-5p (miR-155-5p) and prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Methods:A total of 336 samples from ESCC patients in Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital from October 2014 to December 2015 were collected. The relative expression levels of serum exsomal miR-155-5p were detected by using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cut-off value of the expression levels of serum exsomal miR-155-5p was determined by using X-tile software. Based on the optimal cut-off value, patients were divided into miR-155-5p low expression group and miR-155-5p high expression group. The survival curve was drawn by using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to make survival analysis.Results:The cut-off value of serum exsomal miR-155-5p expression level was 2.340. According to the cut-off value, patients were divided into miR-155-5p low expression group (<2.340) of 51 cases and miR-155-5p high expression group (≥2.340) of 285 cases. There were no statistical differences in age ( χ2 = 0.020, P = 0.887), gender ( χ2 = 0.283, P = 0.595), tumor location ( χ2 = 0.063, P = 0.977), differentiation grade ( P = 0.474), clinical staging ( χ2 = 3.996, P = 0.136) and surgery treatment ( χ2 = 0.941, P = 0.332) of patients in both groups. ESCC patients in serum exsomal miR-155-5p high expression had a higher risk of death compared with patients in miR-155-5p low expression group ( HR = 1.763, 95% CI 1.049-2.961, P = 0.032). Conclusion:The high expression level of serum exsomal miR-155-5p is associated with poor prognosis in ESCC patients and it could be used as a prognostic new marker in ESCC patients.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase that acts as a checkpoint during mitosis, coordinating and promoting cell cycle progression. CDK1 is significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma. It is mainly related to p53 signal transduction pathway, LINC00346-miR-199a-3p-CDK1/CyclinB pathway, SNHG16/let-7b-5P/CDC25B/CDK1 pathway and UPF1-SNord52-CDK1 pathway. In this paper, the mechanism of CDK1 involvement in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma was systematically elaborated, and the current situation of CDK1 inhibitor targeted treatment of HCC was clarified, which could provide clues and basis for the treatment of HCC with CDK1 as the target.