Objective To screen the active antidiarrheal components of salt-processed Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus-Foeniculi Fructus medicines(YZYH)and investigate its pharmacological basis and quality markers by examining its"spectrum-effect"relationship.Methods A spleen and kidney yang deficiency model of diarrhea was established in rats.The pharmacodynamic indexes of YZYH in petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,and water fractions were measured,including behavioral indicators such as body weight,anal temperature,diarrhea incubation period(DIP),diarrhea index(DI),and biochemical indicators such as nitric oxide synthase(NOS),cGMP,and creatinine phosphokinase(CPK).We analyzed the components of YZYH by high performance liquid chromatography,and analyzed the"spectrum-effect"relationship between the chemical components and the antidiarrheal efficacy indicators using the grey correlation method.Results Compared with the blank control group,rats in the model group developed watery stools after 15 days,which was the key pathological index of the main syndrome of diarrhea.Rats in the model group also developed abdominal distension,loss of appetite,and back arching,as secondary symptoms of spleen and kidney yang deficiency diarrhea.Administration of the therapeutic drugs improved both the main and secondary symptoms of diarrhea.The positive drug and YZYH-M significantly prolonged DIP(P＜0.01)and decreased DI(P＜0.01)after 28 days.These key indexes of diarrhea,as well as body mass,24 h food intake,water intake,anal temperature,and the serum biochemical indexes NOS,cGMP,CPK were all improved in the positive drug and YZYH-M groups.Examination of the spectral effect relationship showed that anisaldehyde,chromatographic peak 4,and other components were correlated with the pharmacodynamic indexes of DIP,DI,NOS,cGMP,and CPK.Conclusions The ethyl acetate fraction was the active antidiarrheal fraction of salt-processed Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus-Foeniculi Fructus medicines.It acts by inhibiting gastrointestinal hyperfunction,regulating energy metabolism and immunity.Ingredients such as anisaldehyde and peak 4 served as quality indicators for its antidiarrheal effect.

Objective:To analyze the effect of perioperative SEPT9 level in peripheral blood on long-term prognosis of patients with colorectal tumors. Methods:Retrospectively analyzed the data of 334 patients with colorectal cancer admitted to the Department of Anus & Intestine Surgery from January 2017 to December 2022, including 197 male patients and 137 female patients, aged 29 to 83 (62.8±10.7) years. Positive group was consisted of 241 patients with positive SEPT9 before surgery, while negative group was consisted of 93 patients with negative SEPT9 before surgery. Among the positive group, 169 cases turned negative for SEPT9 on the one week after surgery (transnegative group), and another 72 cases did not turn negative (non negative group). Univariate and multivariate analysis of clinical general data were carried out to screen out the risk factors affecting the long-term prognosis of colorectal cancer patients after surgery. The survival curve was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method, and the Log-rank test was used to compare the difference in survival rate between groups. Results:All patients′ overall median survival time was 67 months, and the 1, 3 and 5 years overall survival rate was 91.9%, 70.9% and 57.1%. The results of multi-factor analysis showed that whether the tumor had lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and preoperative SEPT9 methylation status were independent risk factors affecting the long-term prognosis of colorectal cancer ( P=0.004, <0.001, 0.041), while for patients with preoperative SEPT9 positive, TNM stage of tumor and whether SEPT9 turned negative after surgery were independent risk factors for prognosis ( P=0.026, 0.001). The median survival time of patients in positive group and negative group was 63 months and 71 months, respectively. The 1, 3 and 5 year survival rates after surgery were 90.4%, 67.0%, 55.0% and 95.7%, 79.1% and 64.6%, respectively( P=0.007). The median survival time of the patients in the transnegative group and nonnegative group was 45 months and 62 months, respectively. The 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates were 83.2%, 60.5%, 48.1% and 93.5%, 72.9%, 63.5%( P<0.001). Conclusions:Perioperative SEPT9 level is correlated with long-term prognosis of CRC patients, and patients with negative SEPT9 before surgery have better prognosis than those with positive SEPT9. Preoperative positive patients who do not turn negative after surgery often indicate poor prognosis of tumor.

Objective To analyze the genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in the newly reported HIV-infected men in Guangxi. Methods The stratified random sampling method was employed to select the newly reported HIV-infected men aged≥50 years old in 14 cities of Guangxi from January to June in 2020.The pol gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced.The mutation sites associated with drug resistance and the degree of drug resistance were then analyzed. Results A total of 615 HIV-infected men were included in the study.The genetic subtypes of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC accounted for 57.4% (353/615),17.1% (105/615),and 22.4% (138/615),respectively.The mutations associated with the resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI),non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI),and protease inhibitors occurred in 8 (1.3%),18 (2.9%),and 0 patients,respectively.M184V (0.7%) and K103N (1.8%) were the mutations with the highest occurrence rates for the resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs,respectively.Twenty-two (3.6%) patients were resistant to at least one type of inhibitors.Specifically,4 (0.7%),14 (2.3%),4 (0.7%),and 0 patients were resistant to NRTIs,NNRTIs,both NRTIs and NNRTIs,and protease inhibitors,respectively.The pretreatment resistance to NNRTIs had much higher frequency than that to NRTIs (2.9% vs.1.3%;χ²=3.929,P=0.047).The prevalence of pretreatment resistance to lamivudine,zidovudine,tenofovir,abacavir,rilpivirine,efavirenz,nevirapine,and lopinavir/ritonavir was 0.8%, 0.3%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.8%, 2.9%, and 0, respectively. Conclusions CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC are the three major strains of HIV-infected men≥50 years old newly reported in Guangxi,2020,and the pretreatment drug resistance demonstrates low prevalence.
Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; Mutation ; HIV-1/genetics* ; Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Genotype

Traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage commonly presents in traumatic brain injury patients, and it may lead to complications such as meningitis, ventriculitis, brain abscess, subdural hematoma or tension pneumocephalus. When misdiagnosed or inappropriately treated, traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage may result in severe complications and may be life-threatening. Some traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage has concealed manifestations and is prone to misdiagnosis. Due to different sites and mechanisms of trauma and degree of cerebrospinal fluid leak, treatments for traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage varies greatly. Hence, the Craniocerebral Trauma Professional Group of Neurosurgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Neurological Injury Professional Group of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts to formulate the " Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage in adults ( version 2023)" based on existing clinical evidence and experience. The consensus consisted of 16 recommendations, covering the leakage diagnosis, localization, treatments, and intracranial infection prevention, so as to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage and improve the overall prognosis of the patients.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the intervention guidance of return to sports WeChat applet and evaluate the rehabilitation effectiveness after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. METHODS: Between September 2020 and September 2022, 80 patients who met the selection criteria and underwent ACL anatomical single bundle reconstruction were selected as the research objects. According to the double-blind random method, they were divided into the applet group and the regular group, with 40 cases in each group. Patients in the applet group were rehabilitated under the guidance of the return to sports WeChat applet, and the patients were asked to perform the test once a month after operation, including patients' subjective scores [Tegner score, knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, American Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score], psychological assessment [ACL recovery sports injury scale (ACL-RSI) score], jumping test, balance test, bending angle test. Patients in the regular group were followed up by doctors and nurses regularly by telephone every month. All the patients were reexamined at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after operation, and the range of motion of the knee joint with 6 degrees of freedom (flexion and extension angle, varus and valgus angle, internal and external rotation angle, anteroposterior displacement, superior and inferior displacement, and internal and external displacement) recorded by Opti_Knee three-dimensional knee joint motion measurement gait analysis system was observed. The anterior tibial translation difference (ATTD) was measured by Ligs knee measuring instrument when a forward thrust of 120 N was applied to the posterior part of the proximal tibia. Tegner score, IKDC score, KOOS score (including KOOS-Pain score, KOOS-Symptoms score, KOOS-Activities of daily living score, KOOS-Sport score, and KOOS-Quality of life score), HSS score, ACL-RSI score, jumping ability, balance ability, patients' satisfaction with the rehabilitation process, and ACL healing grading according to ACL continuity and signal intensity shown by MRI. RESULTS: There were significant differences in various indicators between different time points after operation in the two groups ( P<0.05). At 3 months after operation, except that the ACL-RSI score of the applet group was significantly higher than that of the regular group ( P<0.05), there was no significant difference in the other indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). At 6 months after operation, the ACL-RSI score, IKDC score, Tegner score, KOOS scores of different items, HSS score, balance and jumping ability of the applet group were significantly higher than those of the regular group ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the other indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). At 9 months after operation, there was no significant difference in all indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). At 12 months after operation, 27 cases (67.5%) in the applet group and 21 cases (52.5%) in the regular group returned to sport, with a significant difference of the return to sports incidence between the two groups [ RR(95% CI)=1.50 (1.00, 2.25), P=0.049]. In the applet group, 27 cases were very satisfied with the rehabilitation process, 10 cases were satisfied, 2 cases were basically satisfied, and 1 case was not satisfied, while 19, 13, 5, and 3 cases in the regular group, respectively. The satisfaction degree of the applet group was significantly better than that of the regular group ( P=0.049). MRI examination of the two groups showed that the ACL was continuous without secondary rupture or necrosis. The ACL healing grade of the applet group was 31 cases of grade 1 and 9 cases of grade 2, and that of the regular group was 28 cases of grade 1 and 12 cases of grade 2, there was no significant difference in ACL healing grade between the two groups ( P=0.449). CONCLUSION The application of return to sports WeChat applet in the rehabilitation of patients after ACL reconstruction can significantly reduce the fear of return to sports and improve the rate of return to sports. The return to sports WeChat applet is convenient to operate, with high utilization rate and high patient compliance, which significantly improves the satisfaction.
Humans ; Activities of Daily Living ; Quality of Life ; Return to Sport ; Knee Joint/surgery* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/surgery* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Due to the limited resource of bear bile powder, the major raw material of Tanreqing Capsules(TRQ), cultured bear bile powder is used as a replacement to develop the Tanreqing Capsules Substitute(TRQS). An LC-MS/MS method was established in this study for simultaneous quantitation of 8 compounds from TRQS in rat plasma: tauroursodeoxycholic acid(TUDCA), taurocheno-deoxycholic acid(TCDCA), ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA), chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA), ferulic acid, wogonoside, baicalin, and forsythoside A. Thereby, the pharmacokinetic behaviors of TRQ and TRQS were evaluated. Concentration of endogenous compounds TUDCA, TCDCA, UDCA, and CDCA was determined with the stable isotope surrogate analytes: D4-TUDCA, D4-TCDCA, D4-UDCA, and D4-CDCA. Plasma samples were extracted by acetonitrile-induced protein precipitation. The LC conditions are as follows: Waters BEH C_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm), mobile phase of 10 mmol·L~(-1) ammonium formate aqueous solution(containing 0.01% formic acid) and acetonitrile-methanol mixture(1∶5). MS conditions are as below: multiple reaction monitoring(MRM), ESI~(+/-). Concentration of UDCA, CDCA, TUDCA, and TCDCA was corrected with a response factor, which is the ratio between the responses recorded for the surrogate and the authentic analyte at the equal concentration. Each of the plasma components showed good linearity(r > 0.995 1). Accuracy and precision met the criteria(inter-day RSD<7.0%, RE 89.98%-112.0%; intra-day RSD<12%, RE 90.41%-111.2%). The recovery was 64.83%-119.9% and matrix effect was 87.15%-113.8%. The validated method was applied for pharmacokinetic study of TRQS and TRQ(po, 0.94 g·kg~(-1)). There was no significant difference in C_(max) and AUC_(0-24 h) of baicalin, UDCA, TUDCA, and TCDCA between the two groups, indicating similar pharmacokinetic behaviors between TRQS and TRQ in rats.
Animals ; Capsules ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective: To understand the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and its demographic and socioeconomic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The questionnaire collected personal information, the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and relevant factors. The Chi square test was used to compare the difference between the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and relevant factors among the four groups. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early treatment. Results: With the assumption of being diagnosed as precancer or cancer, 89.97% of community residents, 91.84% of cancer risk assessment/screening population, 93.00% of cancer patients and 91.52% of occupational population would accept active treatments (P<0.001). If the immediate family members were diagnosed as precancer or cancer, people who would encourage their family members to receive early treatment in the four groups accounted for 91.96%, 91.94%, 92.44% and 91.55%, respectively (P<0.001). The company employees, annual household income with 40 000 yuan and more and other three groups had a relatively better consciousness of the cancer early treatment (P<0.05). Male, widowed, unemployed and from the central and western regions had a relatively worse consciousness of the cancer early treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Residents in urban China participants had a good consciousness of the cancer early treatment. The marital status, occupation, annual household income and residential regions were major factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early treatment.

Foeniculi Fructus is warm and spicy in nature and belongs to the liver, kidney, spleen and stomach meridians with the function of dispersing cold and relieving pain, regulating Qi-flowing and harmonizing stomach, and can be used as medicine and food. This article summarized the historical evolution of processing of Foeniculi Fructus by consulting the relevant books since the Han dynasty, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as well as the processing norms of provinces and cities, and summarized the chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of Foeniculi Fructus by reviewing literatures at home and abroad, then it found that Foeniculi Fructus mainly contains essential oil, flavonoids, phenols and fatty acids, has certain effects on human visceral system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, endocrine system, immune system and chemotherapy, including the functions of regulating gastrointestinal function, analgesia, anti-inflammatory, etc. Among them, the main chemical components that play the pharmacodynamic effect are volatile oil, flavonoids and phenols, and the chemical components and pharmacological effects in Foeniculi Fructus before and after processing will have corresponding changes, which can provide reference for the further study of Foeniculi Fructus in processing principle, pharmacodynamic substance basis and pharmacological mechanism.

Background:We investigated the prognostic value of preoperative fibrinogen levels in hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving liver transplantation by building a scoring model for predicting tumor recurrence. Methods:Cox regression analysis was used to identify factors that predicted tumor recurrence,and a scoring model was generated by assigning a value of 0 or 1 to each independent risk factor.The cut-off value for fibrinogen was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results:Preoperative fibrinogen concentration was significantly higher in patients with vs.without tu-mor recurrence(3.27 g/L vs.2.34 g/L,P＜0.001),with vs.without macrovascular invasion(3.54 g/L vs.2.82 g/L,P=0.007),and with＞400 vs.≤400 ng/mL plasma alpha-fetoprotein concentration(3.43 g/L vs.2.76 g/L,P=0.007).The 5-year disease-free survival rate was significantly lower for patients with elevated(≥2.68 g/L)vs.normal(＜2.68 g/L)fibrinogen concentration(37.2％vs.78.4％,P=0.001).Mac-rovascular invasion,＞3 tumor nodules,and elevated fibrinogen concentration were independent risk factors for tumor recurrence.A scoring model based on these risk factors predicted recurrence with a sensitivity of 68.3％and a specificity of 87.5％. Conclusions:Elevated preoperative plasma fibrinogen concentration is associated with tumor recurrence in HCC patients after liver transplantation.A new scoring model predicted recurrence with good sensitivity and specificity.

Objective To explore infrared spectrum characteristics of different voltages induced electrical injuries on swine skin by using Fourier transform infrared-microspectroscopy (FTIR-MSP) combined with machine learning algorithms, thus to provide a reference to the identification of electrical skin injuries caused by different voltages.Methods Electrical skin injury model was established on swines.The skin was exposed to 110 V, 220 V and 380 V electric shock for 30 s and then samples were took, with normal skin tissues around the injuries as the control.Combined with the results of continuous section HE staining, the FTIR-MSP spectral data of the corresponding skin tissues were acquired.With the combination of machine learning algorithms such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), different spectral bands were selected (full band 4 000-1 000 cm-1and sub-bands 4 000-3 600 cm-1, 3 600-2 800 cm-1, 2 800-1 800 cm-1, and 1 800-1 000 cm-1), and various pretreatment methods were used such as orthogonal signal correction (OSC), standard normal variables (SNV), multivariate scatter correction (MSC), normalization, and smoothing.Thus, the model was optimized, and the classification effects were compared.Results Compared with simple spectrum analysis, PCA seemed to be better at distinguishing electrical shock groups from the control, but was not able to distinguish different voltages induced groups.PLS-DA based on the 3 600-2 800 cm-1band was used to identify the different voltages induced skin injuries.The OSC could further optimize the robustness of the 3 600-2 800 cm-1band model.Conclusion It is feasible to identify electrical skin injuries caused by different voltages by using FTIR-MSP technique along with machine learning algorithms.