Objective:To explore the expression regulation of lipid metabolism gene ABHD5 in testes.Methods:Differential gene analysis was performed by integrating databases of TCGA and GTEx to identify the target gene ABHD5.The expression trends of ABHD5 gene in testicular carcinoma tissue were analyzed.Human testis single-cell atlases were obtained from the Human Protein Atlas and Male Health Atlas databases to determine the expression distribution of ABHD5 across different testicular cell types.Additionally,the GTEx database was utilized to visualize the expression pattern of ABHD5 in the testis,thereby enhancing the understanding of its transcriptional profile.The relationship between ABHD5 expression and age was assessed through integrated database analysis.Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to detect differential expressions of ABHD5 in testicular tissues of young and aged mice respectively.Results:The TCGA database indicated that the expression of ABHD5 in human testicular carcinoma tissue was significantly lower than that in normal testicular tissue which showed a negative correlation with patient survival.ABHD5 was highly ex-pressed in germ cells of the testis reveaked from Human Protein Atlas and Male Health Atlas databases.The stability of ABHD5 protein was crucial for testicular tissue,and its expression decreased with age.Furthermore,Western blot and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that ABHD5 expression in the testicular tissue of aged mice was significantly lower than that in young mice.Conclu-sion:ABHD5 plays an important role in testicular tissue,and may be inseparable from testicular tumors and reproductive aging.How-ever,its mechanism of action remains to be further studied.

Objective:To investigate the difference in intracranial infection rate between long-tunneled external ventricular drainage(LTEVD)and conventional external ventricular drainage(EVD),as well as the risk factors for intracranial infection.Methods:A retro-spective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 45 patients who were admitted to Department of Neurology Center,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,from January 2020 to December 2022 and underwent EVD,among whom 13 patients underwent LTEVD(LTEVD group)and 32 patients underwent conventional EVD(EVD group).Related data were recorded for both groups,including general information,postoperative catheter-related complications,and postoperative management,to investi-gate the effect on reducing the rate of intracranial infection.According to the presence or absence of intracranial infection after surgery,the patients were divided into the infection group with 10 patients and non-infection group with 35 patients,and related clini-cal data were analyzed to investigate the risk factors for intracranial infection.Results:The LTEVD group had a significantly lower secondary infection rate of catheterization days than the EVD group[2.40‰(1/417)vs.27.19‰(9/331),P=0.009].The duration of catheterization was 14-85 days[27.00(22.50,36.50)days]in the LTEVD group and 8-22 days[9.00(8.00,11.50)days]in the EVD group,suggesting that the LTEVD group had a significantly longer duration of catheterization than the EVD group(P=0.000).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the times of cerebrospinal fluid sampling was an independent risk factor for post-operative intracranial infection in patients undergoing EVD,and the use of LTEVD was a protective factor against intracranial infection after EVD.Conclusion:Compared with conventional EVD,LTEVD can safely prolong the duration of catheterization and reduce the rate of postoperative intracranial infection in patients undergoing EVD.The use of LTEVD procedure and the reduction in the times of cerebrospinal fluid sampling can reduce the risk of postoperative in-tracranial infection.

AIM:To investigate the effect of Clostridium butyricum on the intestinal barrier of mice with dex-tran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis,and to explore its mechanism related to the regulation of endogenous hydrogen sulfide enzymes.METHODS:Forty male C57BL/6J mice(ten per group)were randomly divided into control group,DSS-induced colitis group,and two groups with different doses(1×1010 CFU/L and 1×1011 CFU/L)of Clostridium butyri-cum.To establish the colitis model,mice were given distilled water containing 3.5%DSS.The mice in Clostridium butyri-cum groups received a 10 mL/kg Clostridium butyricum solution by gastric intubation once per day for 14 d.At the end of the experiment,the disease activity index(DAI)and colon length of the mice from each group were recorded.The colon tissue morphology was determined using HE staining,and qRT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of two endogenous hydrogen sulfide enzymes,cystathionine β-synthase(CBS)and cystathionine γ-lyase(CSE),and the mu-cus marker LY6/PLAUR domain containing 8(Lypd8).The protein levels of CSE,CBS and macrophage migration inhibi-tory factor(MIF)in the colon were measured by Western blot.Finally,the expression of tight junction proteins,zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin,in the colon were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS:Compared with control group,the mice in DSS-induced colitis group had a significant increase in DAI and a decrease in colon length(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the DSS-induced colitis mice exhibited loss of colonic mucosal epithelium,disordered crypt ar-rangement,and extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells.Compared with DSS-induced colitis group,both DAI and co-lon shortening were significantly attenuated in the groups with different doses of Clostridium butyricum(P＜0.05).The mice in Clostridium butyricum groups also exhibited relatively intact colonic mucosal epithelial structure with reduced in-flammatory cell infiltration and reversed crypt disorder.The mRNA expression of CSE and CBS was significantly de-creased,and the mRNA expression of Lypd8 was significantly increased in the colon(P＜0.05).Western blot exhibited down-regulation in the protein expression of CSE,CBS and MIF,whereas immunohistochemical staining showed higher ex-pression of ZO-1 and occludin.CONCLUSION:Clostridium butyricum attenuated DSS-induced colitis in mice,mainly through down-regulating the expression of the endogenous hydrogen sulfide enzymes,CSE and CBS,to promote the intesti-nal mucus barrier and protect the integrity of the intestinal epithelium.

Objective:To investigate the views of doctors on the incidence and treatment tactics of mild progression after epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)treatment in lung adenocarcinoma and provide suggestions to optimize the counter-measure strategies.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to conduct an online questionnaire survey for doctors specializing in onco-logy and respiratory diseases.Results:584 valid questionnaires were collected,and all the doctors expressed concerns regarding mild tumor progression after EGFR-TKI treatment.The coping strategies included maintaining the original TKI treatment,adding other treatments to the original TKI,changing the regimen,and performing secondary tissue biopsy,among which,most doctors chose to add other treatments to the original TKI.Conclusions:Doctors have noticed the enlargement of target lesions in still stable disease(SD)and most frequently chose to add other treatments to the original TKI as a coping strategy.This finding can provide a reference for framing future guidelines for large sample prospective clinical studies that are needed to find the most effective synergistic treatment options.

Objective： The aim of this study is to explore the predictive value of biparametric magnetic resonance imaging(bpMRI)for pelvic lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer patients with PSA≤20 μg/L and establish a nomogram. Methods： The imaging data and clinical data of 363 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2018 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to screen independent risk factors for pelvic lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer, and a nomogram of the clinical prediction model was established. Calibration curves were drawn to evaluate the accuracy of the model. Results： Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed extrocapusular extension (OR=8.08,95%CI=2.62－24.97, P<0.01), enlargement of pelvic lymph nodes (OR=4.45,95%CI=1.16－17.11,P=0.030), and biopsy ISUP grade(OR=1.97,95%CI=1.12－3.46, P=0.018)were independent risk factors for pelvic lymph node metastasis. The C-index of the prediction model was 0.834, which indicated that the model had a good prediction ability. The actual value of the model calibration curve and the prediction probability of the model fitted well, indicating that the model had a good accuracy. Further analysis of DCA curve showed that the model had good clinical application value when the risk threshold ranged from 0.05 to 0.70.Conclusion： For prostate cancer patients with PSA≤20 μg/L, bpMRI has a good predictive value for the pelvic lymph node metastasis of prostate cancer with extrocapusular extension, enlargement of pelvic lymph nodes and ISUP grade≥4.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Nomograms ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood* ; Lymph Nodes/pathology* ; Pelvis ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prostatectomy ; Lymph Node Excision ; Risk Factors ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Aged

AIM:To investigate the effect of Clostridium butyricum on the intestinal barrier of mice with dex-tran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis,and to explore its mechanism related to the regulation of endogenous hydrogen sulfide enzymes.METHODS:Forty male C57BL/6J mice(ten per group)were randomly divided into control group,DSS-induced colitis group,and two groups with different doses(1×1010 CFU/L and 1×1011 CFU/L)of Clostridium butyri-cum.To establish the colitis model,mice were given distilled water containing 3.5%DSS.The mice in Clostridium butyri-cum groups received a 10 mL/kg Clostridium butyricum solution by gastric intubation once per day for 14 d.At the end of the experiment,the disease activity index(DAI)and colon length of the mice from each group were recorded.The colon tissue morphology was determined using HE staining,and qRT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of two endogenous hydrogen sulfide enzymes,cystathionine β-synthase(CBS)and cystathionine γ-lyase(CSE),and the mu-cus marker LY6/PLAUR domain containing 8(Lypd8).The protein levels of CSE,CBS and macrophage migration inhibi-tory factor(MIF)in the colon were measured by Western blot.Finally,the expression of tight junction proteins,zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin,in the colon were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS:Compared with control group,the mice in DSS-induced colitis group had a significant increase in DAI and a decrease in colon length(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the DSS-induced colitis mice exhibited loss of colonic mucosal epithelium,disordered crypt ar-rangement,and extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells.Compared with DSS-induced colitis group,both DAI and co-lon shortening were significantly attenuated in the groups with different doses of Clostridium butyricum(P＜0.05).The mice in Clostridium butyricum groups also exhibited relatively intact colonic mucosal epithelial structure with reduced in-flammatory cell infiltration and reversed crypt disorder.The mRNA expression of CSE and CBS was significantly de-creased,and the mRNA expression of Lypd8 was significantly increased in the colon(P＜0.05).Western blot exhibited down-regulation in the protein expression of CSE,CBS and MIF,whereas immunohistochemical staining showed higher ex-pression of ZO-1 and occludin.CONCLUSION:Clostridium butyricum attenuated DSS-induced colitis in mice,mainly through down-regulating the expression of the endogenous hydrogen sulfide enzymes,CSE and CBS,to promote the intesti-nal mucus barrier and protect the integrity of the intestinal epithelium.

Objective:To investigate the views of doctors on the incidence and treatment tactics of mild progression after epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)treatment in lung adenocarcinoma and provide suggestions to optimize the counter-measure strategies.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to conduct an online questionnaire survey for doctors specializing in onco-logy and respiratory diseases.Results:584 valid questionnaires were collected,and all the doctors expressed concerns regarding mild tumor progression after EGFR-TKI treatment.The coping strategies included maintaining the original TKI treatment,adding other treatments to the original TKI,changing the regimen,and performing secondary tissue biopsy,among which,most doctors chose to add other treatments to the original TKI.Conclusions:Doctors have noticed the enlargement of target lesions in still stable disease(SD)and most frequently chose to add other treatments to the original TKI as a coping strategy.This finding can provide a reference for framing future guidelines for large sample prospective clinical studies that are needed to find the most effective synergistic treatment options.

Colorectal adenoma is a benign tumor originating from the mucosal glandular epithelium of the colorectum and belongs to the category of intraepithelial neoplasia. Its etiology and pathogenesis are not completely clear， and some patients have genetic factors. In recent years， with the improvement in living standards， the incidence of colorectal adenoma has gradually increased due to high-fat diets， intestinal flora disorder， and emotional disturbance. As one of the precancerous lesions of colorectal cancer， colorectal adenoma is increasingly threatening human health. Surgical resection is the most direct and effective method for the treatment of colorectal adenoma， but some patients with colorectal adenoma have the possibility of recurrence after resection. At present， there is still a lack of effective prevention and treatment measures for the recurrence of colorectal adenoma. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） plays a unique advantage in improving the clinical symptoms of patients with colorectal adenoma and preventing postoperative recurrence and carcinogenesis. Therefore， this review summarized the clinical research and mechanism of TCM compounds in the prevention and treatment of colorectal adenoma in recent years. The clinical study on the prevention and treatment of colorectal adenoma by TCM compounds can be divided into internal treatment， external treatment， and internal and external combined treatment. The internal treatment mainly focuses on strengthening the spleen， and the external treatment includes retention enema， acupoint application， and other methods. The internal and external combined treatment is mainly based on the internal administration of TCM compounds combined with acupuncture， retention enema， and acupoint stimulation. The study on the mechanism of TCM compounds in preventing and treating colorectal adenoma was mainly explored from the aspects of regulating intestinal flora， regulating cell proliferation immune function， and achieving anti-inflammation. This review summarized the research progress of TCM compounds in the prevention and treatment of colorectal adenoma in recent years and provided a reference for future treatment with TCM.

Objective To make a preliminary investigation of the effect of the immune pathway mediated by live Lacticaseibacillus paracasei N11 15 on the development of primary hippocampal neurons cultured in vitro.Methods Live Lacticaseibacillus paracasei N1115 suspension of an appropriate concentration was used as the experimental group.Peptidoglycan(PGN)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)were used as positive controls,and RPMI1640 medium served as the blank control.These were co-cultured with RAW264.7 cells to obtain the co-culture mediums and the total cellular RNA,and to measure the expression and secretion of cytokines.After centrifugation,the supernatants were co-cultured with primary hippocampal neurons at appropriate ratios.The co-culture mediums were collected,and the total cellular RNA was extracted to measure the expression of genes related to synaptic development in neurons.Following immunofluorescence staining of the primary hippocampal neurons,the presynaptic and presynaptic membrane-associated proteins,including synaptophysin(SYP)and the postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD95),and neuronal cell maturation markers,including microtubule-associated protein 2(MAP-2),and doublecortin(DCX)were quantitatively analyzed.Additionally,the morphological development of the neurons were measured.Results Compared with the blank control,the mRNA expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)increased by 7471％and 926％,respectively,after the RAW264.7 cells were treated with live Lacticaseibacillus paracasei N1115,while their secretion levels increased by 184.16 pg/mL and 12320.76 pg/mL,respectively,all showing statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The activation ability of N1115 live bacteria was stronger than that of PGN but weaker than that of LPS,showing statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Compared with the blank control,following the intervention with the supernatant from the co-culture of N1115 live bacteria and RAW264.7 cells,the viability of primary hippocampal neurons in the 10％supernatant intervention group increased by 19.25％,showing statistically significant differences(P＜0.05),and the mRNA expression of SYP and PSD95 increased by 137％and 159％,respectively,showing statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The total neurite length(489.88 μm)of the neurons of the group intervened with the supernatant of N11 15 live bacteria was increased compared to that of the blank control group(381.51 μm),and the cell body area(2092.22 μm2),maximum neurite length(184.78 μm),total neurite length,average neurite length(108.38 μm),and branching points(4.84 s)were higher than those in the two positive control groups,showing statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion Lacticaseibacillus paracasei N1115 can significantly activate the immune regulatory function of macrophages,thereby promoting the morphological development and synaptic function of nerve cells.

Objective To observe the safety and effectiveness of single dose intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid(TX-A)in dual level posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF),and to explore the changes and trends in perioperative white blood cell(WBC),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),and C-reactive protein(CRP).Methods Between October 2020 and September 2022,46 patients with lumbar degenerative disease were treated with dual level PLIF,including 18 males and 28 females,with an average age of(60.24±10.68)years old,from 34 to 80 years old.They were divided into observation group and control group according to different treatment methods.There were 28 patients in the observation group,including 12 males and 16 females,with an average age of(61.04±9.03)years old.There were 3 cases with lumbar disc herniation(LDH),lumbar spinal stenosis(LSS)18 cases,lumbar spondylolisthesis(LS)7 cases.TXA(1 g/100 ml)was administered intravenously 15 min before skin incision after general anesthesia.The control group consisted of 18 patients,including 6 males and 12 females,with an average age of(59.00±13.04)years old.There were 5 cases with LDH,LSS 9 cases,LS 4 cases,and TXA was not used.The operation time,intraoperative bleeding volume,postoperative drainage volume,postoperative deep vein thrombosis(DVT),postoperative hospital stay,postoperative activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen(FIB),platelet(PLT),red blood cell(RBC),hemoglobin(HB),hematocrit(HCT),the first day,the fourth day,the seventh day and the last tested after operation WBC,ESR and CRP were recorded.Results The postop-erative wounds of the patients healed well and there was no DVT.46 patients were followed up from 3 to 6 months.The intraop-erative blood loss was 400.0(300.0,500.0)ml and the postoperative drainage was 260.0(220.0,450.0)ml in the observation group,which were lower than the control group[600.0(400.0,1000.0)ml,395.0(300.0,450.0)ml],P＜0.05.There was no significant difference between the two groups in operation time,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative APTT,PT,TT,FIB,PLT,RBC,HB,HCT,and postoperative WBC,ESR and CRP at different times(P＞0.05).Conclusion Single dose intravenous infusion of TXA can reduce the blood loss of bi-segmental PLIF,and has no significant effect on WBC,ESR and CRP after op-eration.