Objective To explore the accumulated effects of physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep on cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)among college students and provide effective measures for enhancing their CRF. Methods From May to June in 2023,223 college students aged 18 to 24 years old were recruited from Tianjin University of Science and Technology for a 24 hours activity behavior survey and CRF testing.Compositional analysis was employed to investigate the relationships of physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep with CRF.Isotemporal substitution models were established to predict the effects of substituting various activity behaviors on CRF.Results The proportion of time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)was positively correlated with CRF of college students(β=6.40,P=0.002),while the proportion of time spent on sedentary behavior was negatively correlated with CRF(β=-3.02,P=0.004).Light physical activity(LPA)and sleep were not correlated with CRF(β=-1.06,P=0.504).Isotemporal substitution results for 15-min increments showed that replacing other activity behaviors with MVPA significantly increased the CRF of college students[SB:1.72 mL/(kg·min),95% CI=0.94-2.51;LPA:1.82 mL/(kg·min),95% CI=0.95-2.68;sleep:1.64 mL/(kg·min),95% CI=0.84-2.45].In the dose-response relationship from -30 min to 30 min,reallocating time from other behaviors to MVPA had greater adverse effect on CRF than reallocating time from MVPA to other behaviors.Among all the substitutions,replacing LPA with MVPA had the most beneficial effect on improving CRF.Additionally,a 5-min increment was considered the optimal tipping point for MVPA replacing other activities.Conclusions This study underscores the importance of participating in MVPA for improving the CRF of college students.The isotemporal substitution model provides clear goals for the allocation of time for these behaviors,aiding in future intervention measure development and policy-making.
Humans ; Sedentary Behavior ; Sleep ; Students ; Cardiorespiratory Fitness ; Exercise ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Universities ; Male ; Female

This study was aimed at developing an in vitro fluorescent substrate assay for the activity of leucyl aminopeptid-ase(LAP)from Echinococcus multilocularis and comparing it with the chemical chromogenic substrate enzyme activity assay.Through the establishment of reaction conditions for the fluorescent substrate-based in vitro enzyme activity assay,we com-pared the differences between the fluorescent substrate L-Leucine-7-amido-4-methylocoumarin(Leu-AMC)and the chemical chromogenic substrate L-Leucine-4-nitroanilide(Leu-pNA)through molecular docking,inhibition rates,and precision measures.Molecular docking revealed that the fluorescent substrate Leu-AMC had higher affinity for the protein than the chemical chromogenic substrate Leu-pNA.Through analysis of the effects of varying reaction conditions on fluorescence intensi-ty,we optimized the fluorescent substrate enzyme activity assay to demonstrate favorable performance at a reaction temperature of 37℃,a pH of 9.0,a protein concentration of 800 nmol/L,and a reaction duration of 60 minutes.Leu-AMC exhibited significant and distinct responses at a 5 μmol/L substrate concentration,under varying substrate conditions.The fluo-rescent substrate assay demonstrated more significant intergroup differences than the chemical chromogenic substrate assay when various inhibitors were added.This study established a fluorescence-based enzyme activity assay for leucyl aminopeptidase from Echinococcus multilocularis by using Leu-AMC as the substrate;this method demonstrated a more significant intergroup difference and sensitivity than the chemical chromogenic substrate assay.

Objective:To explore the predictive role of dynamic changes in serum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) and its inflammatory influencing factors on the reversal of hepatitis B virus-related liver fibrosis.Methods:Two hundred and seventy-eight patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver fibrosis who received entecavir or combined Fuzheng Huayu tablets treatment and completed two liver biopsies (biopsy) in Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2014 to July 2019 were selected. The correlation between serum GP73 level and fibrosis stage (Ishak) and inflammation grade (HAI) was analyzed. The patients were divided into a fibrosis reversal group (Ishak decreased≥1 point) and a non-reversal group (Ishak score remained unchanged or increased), and an inflammation improvement group (ΔHAI≤-2) and a non-improvement group (ΔHAI>-2) according to the pathological changes of liver tissue before and after treatment. The cross-sectional value of GP73, its change value (ΔGP73), and the role of inflammatory influencing factors on the liver before and after treatment were evaluated for their predictive efficacy regarding liver fibrosis regression. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to explore the predictive value of serum ΔGP73 combined with liver stiffness change value (ΔLSM) for the reversal of hepatitis B virus-related liver fibrosis. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the data between the groups of quantitative data, and a paired t-test or rank sum test was used for the data before and after treatment. The χ2 test was used to compare the differences between the groups of enumeration data. Spearman and Pearson correlation methods were used for correlation analysis. Results:The serum GP73 level was higher in the cirrhosis group than that in the group without significant fibrosis ( P<0.01). The GP73 level was higher in patients with moderate and severe inflammation than that in the mild group ( P<0.05). Pre-treatment serum GP73 was positively correlated with fibrosis stage ( r=0.248), inflammation grade ( r=0.318), and alanine aminotransferase level ( r=0.203) ( P<0.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the predictive ability of post-treatment GP73 levels in the fibrosis reversal was 0.633 (95% CI: 0.573-0.689, sensitivity 62.68%, and specificity 59.56%). The decrease in ΔGP73 was significantly higher in the liver fibrosis reversal group ( n=142) than that in the non-reversal group ( n=136) [-39.22(-85.08,-14.31) ng/mL vs. -30.06(-61.29,-5.84) ng/mL, P<0.01]. ΔGP73 was also associated with liver inflammation changes (AUROC=0.634, 95% CI: 0.574-0.690, sensitivity of 51.64%, specificity of 69.87%). Additionally, the predictive effectiveness of GP73 for fibrosis reversal improved after normalization of serum ALT (AUROC: 0.651 vs. 0.522 at baseline). ΔGP73 combined with ΔLSM had improved the AUROC predictive effectiveness from single indicators of 0.609 (ΔGP73) and 0.656 (ΔLSM) to 0.800 (95% CI: 0.662-0.899), with specificity increasing from 72.22% to 86.11%. Conclusion:Serum GP73 level is positively correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis and inflammation. Serum GP73 levels and ΔGP73 can predict the reversal of fibrosis, with liver inflammation being an important influencing factor following treatment. ΔGP73 combined with ΔLSM can significantly optimize the evaluation efficiency of liver fibrosis reversal.

Objective:To document the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block (GNB) in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:A total of 92 KOA patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group with 46 in each. Those in both groups were treated conventionally, including with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acupuncture, ultrasound, laser irradiation and manipulation therapy. The observation group additionally underwent ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block treatment, once a week for 2 weeks. Pain scoring on a visual analog scale (VAS), the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were used to evaluate everyone before and after the treatment, and then 8 weeks later.Results:In the observation group the average VAS rating [(3.54±2.00) at week 2 and (4.13±2.04) at week 8] and the average WOMAC subscale and total scores [(36.91±16.91) at week 8] had improved significantly right after the experiment and 8 weeks later. But in the control group this was true only right after the treatment. The observation group also demonstrated superior improvements in 6MWT distance at week 2 [(434.22±125.19)m] and week 8 [(446.35±126.45)m] compared to both its own baseline and the control group.Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block is a rapid, precise, effective, and long-lasting intervention for alleviating pain, improving knee function and enhancing walking endurance in KOA patients.

Objective To evaluate the value of tripartite motif-containing protein 21(TRIM21)mRNA expression in alveolar macrophages for the serverity and prognosis of patients with severe pneumonia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome(SP-ARDS).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 42 SP-ARDS patients(SP-ARDS group)and 15 outpatient healthy controls(control group)admitted to the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Jinling Hospital Affilicated to Medical School of Nanjing University,from November 2023 to June 2024.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected,and alveolar macrophages were isolated.The expression levels of TRIM21 mRNA were quantified using qPCR.Differences in TRIM21 mRNA expression levels,clinical characteristics,and relevant laboratory test results were compared between the two groups.Correlations between TRIM21 mRNA expression and SP-ARDS severity,28-day mortality,inflammatory indicators,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)scores,duration of mechanical ventilation,and ICU stay were analyzed using Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for 28-day mortality,and the predictive value of each factor was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results Compared with control group,the expression levels of TRIM21 mRNA,white blood cell counts,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),and C-reactive protein(CRP),and procalcitonin(PCT)levels increased(P<0.05),and hemoglobin levels decreased(P<0.05)in SP-ARDS group.No significant differences were observed in gender,age,smoking history,alcohol consumption,underlying disease history,and platelet count between the two groups(P>0.05).TRIM21 mRNA expression level in SP-ARDS patients was positively correlated with ARDS severity(P<0.05).Additionally,non-survivors within 28 days had a significantly higher expression level of TRIM21 mRNA compared to survivors(P<0.001).Correlation analysis indicated that the relative expression level of TRIM21 mRNA in SP-ARDS patients was positively correlated with CRP(r=0.309,P<0.05),NLR(r=0.422,P<0.01),PCT(r=0.561,P<0.001),APACHE Ⅱ score(r=0.615,P<0.001),and duration of mechanical ventilation(r=0.665,P<0.001).Logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated expression levels of TRIM21 mRNA(OR=2.886,P=0.043)and higher APACHE Ⅱ scores(OR=1.546,P=0.037)were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality in SP-ARDS patients.The areas under the ROC curves(AUCs)for predicting 28-day mortality using TRIM21 mRNA expression level and APACHE Ⅱ score were 0.889 and 0.874,respectively,with optimal cut-off values of 5.21 and 20.5 points,respectively.The combined AUC for prediction was 0.962.Conclusion Increased TRIM21 mRNA expression in alveolar macrophages of SP-ARDS patients is positively correlated with disease severity and may serve as a potential predictive marker for 28-day survival in SP-ARDS patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive role of the modified Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (mEASIX) in the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). METHODS: The clinical data of 70 relapsed and refractory (R/R) B-cell tumor patients who were treated with CAR-T therapy from September 1, 2018 to February 28, 2023 in the Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, were retrospectively analyzed. The value of log-2 mEASIX before conditioning (-7 d) was calculated, and the patients were divided into a low-mEASIX group (42 patients) and a high-mEASIX group (28 patients) based on the cut-off value of 5.443 determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Eventually, the predictive role of mEASIX before conditioning on the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy and CRS was analyzed. RESULTS: The high-mEASIX group exhibited significantly worse median overall survival (OS) and median progression-free survival (PFS) in comparison to the low mEASIX group (OS: 3.2 months vs not reached, P < 0.01; PFS: 1.3 months vs 6.0 months, P =0.009). The incidence of grade ≥2 CRS in the high-mEASIX group was substantially higher than that in the low-mEASIX group (57.1% vs 19.0%, P =0.007). The degree of remission after CAR-T therapy (P =0.001), whether CRS occurs or not (P =0.041), the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level before conditioning (P =0.046), and the mEASIX score before conditioning (P =0.047) were independent influencing factors for the OS of patients receiving CAR-T cell therapy. CONCLUSION The mEASIX score before conditioning can predict OS and the incidence of grade ≥2 CRS in patients with relapsed and refractory B-cell tumors who receive CAR-T cell therapy.
Cytokine Release Syndrome/therapy* ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods* ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Hematology ; China ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/blood* ; Predictive Value of Tests

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response caused by severe infection or trauma, and is one of the common causes of acute lung injury(ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). Sepsis-acute lung injury(SALI) is a critical clinical condition with high morbidity and mortality. Its pathogenesis is complex and not yet fully understood, and there is currently a lack of targeted and effective treatment options. Pyroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, plays a key role in the pathological process of SALI by activating inflammasomes and releasing inflammatory factors, making it a potential therapeutic target. In recent years, the role of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in regulating signaling pathways related to pyroptosis through multi-components and multi-targets has attracted increasing attention. TCM may intervene in pyroptosis by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and regulating the expression of Caspase family proteins, thus alleviating inflammatory damage in lung tissues. This paper systematically reviews the molecular regulatory network of pyroptosis in SALI and explores the potential mechanisms and research progress on TCM intervention in cellular pyroptosis. The aim is to provide new ideas and theoretical support for basic research and clinical treatment strategies of TCM in SALI.
Pyroptosis/drug effects* ; Humans ; Sepsis/genetics* ; Acute Lung Injury/physiopathology* ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Inflammasomes/metabolism* ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics*

Objective:To document the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block (GNB) in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:A total of 92 KOA patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group with 46 in each. Those in both groups were treated conventionally, including with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acupuncture, ultrasound, laser irradiation and manipulation therapy. The observation group additionally underwent ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block treatment, once a week for 2 weeks. Pain scoring on a visual analog scale (VAS), the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were used to evaluate everyone before and after the treatment, and then 8 weeks later.Results:In the observation group the average VAS rating [(3.54±2.00) at week 2 and (4.13±2.04) at week 8] and the average WOMAC subscale and total scores [(36.91±16.91) at week 8] had improved significantly right after the experiment and 8 weeks later. But in the control group this was true only right after the treatment. The observation group also demonstrated superior improvements in 6MWT distance at week 2 [(434.22±125.19)m] and week 8 [(446.35±126.45)m] compared to both its own baseline and the control group.Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block is a rapid, precise, effective, and long-lasting intervention for alleviating pain, improving knee function and enhancing walking endurance in KOA patients.

Objective:To explore the predictive role of dynamic changes in serum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) and its inflammatory influencing factors on the reversal of hepatitis B virus-related liver fibrosis.Methods:Two hundred and seventy-eight patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver fibrosis who received entecavir or combined Fuzheng Huayu tablets treatment and completed two liver biopsies (biopsy) in Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2014 to July 2019 were selected. The correlation between serum GP73 level and fibrosis stage (Ishak) and inflammation grade (HAI) was analyzed. The patients were divided into a fibrosis reversal group (Ishak decreased≥1 point) and a non-reversal group (Ishak score remained unchanged or increased), and an inflammation improvement group (ΔHAI≤-2) and a non-improvement group (ΔHAI>-2) according to the pathological changes of liver tissue before and after treatment. The cross-sectional value of GP73, its change value (ΔGP73), and the role of inflammatory influencing factors on the liver before and after treatment were evaluated for their predictive efficacy regarding liver fibrosis regression. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to explore the predictive value of serum ΔGP73 combined with liver stiffness change value (ΔLSM) for the reversal of hepatitis B virus-related liver fibrosis. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the data between the groups of quantitative data, and a paired t-test or rank sum test was used for the data before and after treatment. The χ2 test was used to compare the differences between the groups of enumeration data. Spearman and Pearson correlation methods were used for correlation analysis. Results:The serum GP73 level was higher in the cirrhosis group than that in the group without significant fibrosis ( P<0.01). The GP73 level was higher in patients with moderate and severe inflammation than that in the mild group ( P<0.05). Pre-treatment serum GP73 was positively correlated with fibrosis stage ( r=0.248), inflammation grade ( r=0.318), and alanine aminotransferase level ( r=0.203) ( P<0.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the predictive ability of post-treatment GP73 levels in the fibrosis reversal was 0.633 (95% CI: 0.573-0.689, sensitivity 62.68%, and specificity 59.56%). The decrease in ΔGP73 was significantly higher in the liver fibrosis reversal group ( n=142) than that in the non-reversal group ( n=136) [-39.22(-85.08,-14.31) ng/mL vs. -30.06(-61.29,-5.84) ng/mL, P<0.01]. ΔGP73 was also associated with liver inflammation changes (AUROC=0.634, 95% CI: 0.574-0.690, sensitivity of 51.64%, specificity of 69.87%). Additionally, the predictive effectiveness of GP73 for fibrosis reversal improved after normalization of serum ALT (AUROC: 0.651 vs. 0.522 at baseline). ΔGP73 combined with ΔLSM had improved the AUROC predictive effectiveness from single indicators of 0.609 (ΔGP73) and 0.656 (ΔLSM) to 0.800 (95% CI: 0.662-0.899), with specificity increasing from 72.22% to 86.11%. Conclusion:Serum GP73 level is positively correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis and inflammation. Serum GP73 levels and ΔGP73 can predict the reversal of fibrosis, with liver inflammation being an important influencing factor following treatment. ΔGP73 combined with ΔLSM can significantly optimize the evaluation efficiency of liver fibrosis reversal.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of endothelial activation and stress index(EASIX)for the prognosis of patients with mantle cell lymphoma(MCL).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted to assess prognosis and compare the clinical features of patients diagnosed with MCL who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2010 to June 2023,had therapeutic indications and received standard treatment.Results:A total of 66 patients were included and divided into high EASIX group and low EASIX group,according to a cutoff value of 0.97 determined by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that prealbumin＜0.2 g/L,high EASIX,and ECOG PS score ≥2 were independent risk factors influencing overall survival(OS)in MCL patients.The median OS of patients in the high and low EASIX group was 13.0 and 37.5 months,and the median progression-free survival was 8.8 and 26.0 months,respectively.The proportions of patients with ECOG PS score ≥2 and prealbumin＜0.2 g/L at onset significantly increased in the high EASIX group compared to those in the low EASIX group.Conclusion:At the time of initial diagnosis,EASIX can serve as an independent prognostic indicator impacting OS in patients with MCL.Furthermore,patients in the high EASIX group experience a poorer prognosis and shorter survival duration compared with those in the low EASIX group.