Esophageal cancer is a common malignancy with high incidence and poor prognosis. Conventional therapies fail to provide long-term benefits for patients, with postoperative recurrence and metastasis being the primary reasons for treatment failure. With the continuous development of nanomedicine, nanoparticle-based drug delivery has received widespread attention as a novel therapeutic approach. Among them, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles have achieved a series of encouraging advancements in the treatment of esophageal cancer, owing to their unique superparamagnetism and biocompatibility. This paper provides a review of the relevant research on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of esophageal cancer.

Morinda officinalis is one of the “Four Great Southern Medicines” and is commonly used in clinical practice to treat erectile dysfunction and nocturnal emissions caused by kidney yang deficiency， uterine cold infertility， menstrual disorders， low abdominal pain， rheumatism， and muscle and bone weakness. Based on the principle of “treating raw and cooked differently”， this article summarizes the effects of different processing methods on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of M. officinalis . Research has found that processing can affect the content and structure of sugars， iridoids， and anthraquinones in M. officinalis ， thereby regulating its pharmacological effects such as anti-osteoporosis， immune regulation， anti-fatigue， and anti-depression. Among them， salt M. officinalis shows outstanding performance in anti-osteoporosis and enhancing immunity. Although previous studies have preliminarily elucidated the major chemical constituents of M. officinalis and their pharmacological characteristics， the dynamic transformation paths of constituents during the processing remain to be further clarified， especially the es tablishment of a quality marker system associated with the processing technology， to achieve the precision and intelligent development of the processing.

Morinda officinalis is one of the “Four Great Southern Medicines” and is commonly used in clinical practice to treat erectile dysfunction and nocturnal emissions caused by kidney yang deficiency， uterine cold infertility， menstrual disorders， low abdominal pain， rheumatism， and muscle and bone weakness. Based on the principle of “treating raw and cooked differently”， this article summarizes the effects of different processing methods on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of M. officinalis . Research has found that processing can affect the content and structure of sugars， iridoids， and anthraquinones in M. officinalis ， thereby regulating its pharmacological effects such as anti-osteoporosis， immune regulation， anti-fatigue， and anti-depression. Among them， salt M. officinalis shows outstanding performance in anti-osteoporosis and enhancing immunity. Although previous studies have preliminarily elucidated the major chemical constituents of M. officinalis and their pharmacological characteristics， the dynamic transformation paths of constituents during the processing remain to be further clarified， especially the es tablishment of a quality marker system associated with the processing technology， to achieve the precision and intelligent development of the processing.

Objective To optimize the platelet enrichment method,and to analyze the concentration changes of key molecules in platelet-rich plasma(PRP)before and after activation,as well as the impact of its activated products on the proliferation of rat endothelial progenitor cells.Methods The tube double-centrifu-gation method was employed to optimize platelet enrichment,and the platelet count in the enriched PRP was measured.ELISA was used to detect the concentration changes of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),endostatin(ES),and P-selectin(CD62P)in PRP before and after activation.The PRP was activated by using liquid nitrogen freeze-thaw method,and the effect of its activated products on the proliferation of rat endothelial progenitor cells was evaluated by using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay.Results The optimal enrichment coefficient of platelets achieved by the double-centrifugation method was 4.63.After low-speed,long-duration double centrifugation,the platelet count was highest in the upper layer of the buffy coat.For PRP with a platelet count of 500× 109/L obtained by machine collection,the VEGF con-centrations before and after activation were(3 418.12±488.80)pg/mL and(4 530.04±308.30)pg/mL,re-spectively,the ES concentrations were(6 168.98±253.22)pg/mL and(6 594.65±82.47)pg/mL,respec-tively,the CD62P concentrations were(6 678.23±324.15)pg/mL and(17 630.53±746.24)pg/mL,respec-tively,statistically significant differences were observed in the above indicators before and after activation(P＜0.01).The activated PRP was diluted in a gradient manner by using a specialized culture medium for en-dothelial progenitor cells.MTT assay results indicated that,in the basal medium,the optimal volume fraction for promoting endothelial progenitor cell proliferation was 0.25％after 48 hours of culture;in the complete medium,the optimal volume fractions for promoting endothelial progenitor cell proliferation were 0.062 5％after 24 hours and 0.125％after 48 hours.Conclusion The concentrations of VEGF,ES,and CD62P in the optimized,enriched PRP exhibited significant changes before and after activation.The optimal volume fraction for promoting endothelial progenitor cell proliferation in the basal medium was 0.25％.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS)is a complex three-dimensional deformity involving coronal,sagittal,and axial planes,with a prevalence that should not be overlooked.With advancements in technology and in-depth research,an increasing number of hospitals and physicians are exploring standardized diagnostic and treatment approaches for AIS.Comprehensive and in-depth understanding is required for AIS,including its etiology,screening and diagnosis,classification,assessment and examination,treatment options,exploration of current focus,and evaluation of quality of life.Such understanding ensures that the diagnostic and treatment are scientific,standardized,and timely.Based on the principles of evidence-based medicine,a consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of AIS is reached after multiple discussions among spinal surgery experts,aiming to provide reference and guidance for clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the influence of basic condition,surgical strategy,and postoperative condition of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS)patients on the length of hospitalization.Methods A total of 145 AIS patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion and internal fixation in The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University)from Jan.1,2014 to Dec.31,2023 with more than 2 years of follow-up were retrospectively enrolled.According to the surgical strategy,they were assigned to selective fusion group(n=50)and non-selective fusion group(n=95).AIS patients were assigned to intensive care unit(ICU)group(n=81)and non-ICU group(n=64)according to whether they were admitted to ICU.Parameters related to basic,surgical and postoperative conditions,hospital stay and postoperative hospital stay were analyzed.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to study the influencing factors of hospital stay and postoperative hospital stay.Results The number of surgical segments,surgical time,intraoperative blood loss,drainage volume on the 3rd day postoperatively,hospital stay,and postoperative hospital stay in the selective fusion group were significantly less than those in the non-selective fusion group(all P＜0.05).The patients in the ICU group were younger,had longer surgery time,had more intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion,and had longer hospital stay and postoperative hospital stay compared with those in the non-ICU group(all P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that hospital stay and postoperative hospital stay were both positively correlated with ICU admission(r=0.179,0.240;both P＜0.05)and were both negatively correlated with selective fusion(r=-0.187,-0.242;both P＜0.05).Conclusion The hospital stay and postoperative hospital stay of AIS patients with non-selective fusion in posterior spinal fusion and internal fixation is longer than those of patients with selective fusion.Non-selective fusion and ICU admission may be factors contributing to the prolonged hospital stay and postoperative hospital stay in AIS patients.

Objective To compare the surgical outcomes of the sequence of screw and rod placement for Lenke type 5C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS).Methods Lenke type 5C AIS patients who underwent posterior orthopedic fusion and fixation in our hospital from Jan.2013 to Dec.2020 were recruited.Based on surgical sequences,22 cases were assigned to bilateral group(after bilateral screw placement,orthopedics was performed on the convex side and then on the concave side),and 20 cases were assigned to convex group(screws placed on the convex side and performed orthopedics,followed by the concave side).The operation-related indicators(including operation time),imaging parameters,quality of life scores were compared between the 2 groups before and 2 years after surgery.Complications of the 2 groups were analyzed.Results The operation time in the bilateral group was significantly longer than that in the convex group([232.8±13.1]min vs[198.4±16.5]min,P＜0.01).At the last follow-up 2 years after operation,the Cobb angle and its correction rate in the convex group were better than those in the bilateral group([8.0±2.3]° vs[9.9±3.2]°,P=0.03;[81.9±5.4]%vs[77.8±5.8]%,P=0.02).The rate of pedicle screw breach rate was 5.4%(17/312)in the bilateral group and 1.4%(4/280)in the convex group,with significant difference(P＜0.01).At the last follow-up 2 years after operation,the treatment satisfaction of quality of life assessment of the bilateral group was 4.61±1.38,and that of the convex group was 4.50±1.44,but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups(P＞0.05).There were no abnormal electrophysiological monitoring or operation-related complications in the 2 groups.Conclusion For Lenke type 5C AIS,the convex side of pedicle screw placement and orthopedics followed by concave side of pedicle screw placement and orthopedics can achieve better surgical effect.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of nursing guided by Neuman's systems model on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery patients.Methods This study is a randomized controlled trial.A total of 120 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who underwent surgery in our hospital from Jan.to Dec.2023 were enrolled.According to the order of enrollment,they were randomly assigned to experimental group or control group,with 60 patients in each group.The control group received routine nursing,while the experimental group received nursing guided by Neuman's systems model.Independent-sample t test and χ2 test were used to compare the surgical efficacy,postoperative recovery,quality of life,and self-management ability of the 2 groups.Results Six months post-surgery,the main curve Cobb angle in the experimental group was significantly smaller than that in the control group([14.33±0.78]° vs[16.65±1.02]°,P＜0.001).The postoperative bedtime([4.78±1.32])d vs[6.13±1.26]d),incision healing time([13.43±3.29]d vs[15.32±5.23]d),and hospital stay([13.17±5.36]d vs[16.93±3.14]d)were all significantly shorter in the experimental group than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).The overall complication rate in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(5.00%[3/60]vs 21.67%[13/60],P=0.016).Six months post-surgery,the experimental group scored better in terms of physical functioning,bodily pain,general health,vitality,social functioning,role-emotional,and mental health compared to the control group(all P＜0.05).In terms of patient self-management,the experimental group also had significantly higher scores in common management(17.53±5.98 vs 13.34±7.32)and symptom management(30.95±8.12 vs 27.32±7.87)compared to the control group(both P＜0.05).Conclusion The nursing guided by Neuman's systems model for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery patients can promote their postoperative recovery and improve their quality of life and self-management capabilities.

Objective:To evaluate the role of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) in the spinal membrane in electroacupuncture (EA)-induced alleviation of morphine-triggered opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) and the relationship with phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in rats.Methods:Forty-eight clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 240-260 g, in which intrathecal catheters were successfully implanted, were divided into 4 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: normal saline group (NS group), morphine group (M group), morphine+ EA group (ME group), and morphine+ EA+ CB1 antagonist group (MEA group). The OIH model was established by intrathecal injection of morphine 15 μg (10 μl) twice a day for 7 consecutive days. The equal volume of normal saline 10 μl was given instead in NS group. EA of the " Yanglingquan" (GB34) and " Zusanli" (ST36) acupoints lasting 30 min was performed after the first administration of medication each day, with a current intensity of 2 mA and frequency of 2 Hz in ME group. In MEA group, morphine (15 μg) and CB1 antagonist AM251 30 μg (10 μl) were intrathecally injected twice a day for 7 consecutive days, with other treatments similar to those previously described in ME group. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before administration (T 0) and on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after administration (T 1-4). Rats were deeply anesthetized and sacrificed at T 3, 4 after administration, and the L 4-6 spinal cord tissues were collected for determination of the expression of membrane CB1, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 by Western blot. Results:Compared with NS group, the MWT was significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at T 3, 4 in M, ME and MEA groups, the expression of spinal membrane CB1 and p-ERK1/2 was significantly up-regulated at T 4 after administration in M group, and the expression of spinal membrane CB1 was significantly up-regulated at T 3, 4 after administration in ME and MEA groups ( P<0.05). Compared with M group, the MWT was significantly increased and the TWL was prolonged at T 3, 4, and the expression of p-ERK1/2 was down-regulated at T 4 after administration in ME group ( P<0.05), no significant change was found in MWT or TWL at T 3, 4 in MEA group ( P>0.05), and the expression of spinal membrane CB1 was significantly up-regulated at T 3, 4 after administration in ME and MEA groups ( P<0.05). Compared with ME group, the MWT was significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at T 3, 4, and the expression of spinal membrane CB1 and p-ERK1/2 was up-regulated at T 4 after administration in MEA group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Up-regulation of spinal membrane CB1 expression is involved in EA-mediated alleviation of morphine-induced OIH, which is associated with the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in rats.

Objective:To evaluate the role of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) in the spinal membrane in electroacupuncture (EA)-induced alleviation of morphine-triggered opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) and the relationship with phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in rats.Methods:Forty-eight clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 240-260 g, in which intrathecal catheters were successfully implanted, were divided into 4 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: normal saline group (NS group), morphine group (M group), morphine+ EA group (ME group), and morphine+ EA+ CB1 antagonist group (MEA group). The OIH model was established by intrathecal injection of morphine 15 μg (10 μl) twice a day for 7 consecutive days. The equal volume of normal saline 10 μl was given instead in NS group. EA of the " Yanglingquan" (GB34) and " Zusanli" (ST36) acupoints lasting 30 min was performed after the first administration of medication each day, with a current intensity of 2 mA and frequency of 2 Hz in ME group. In MEA group, morphine (15 μg) and CB1 antagonist AM251 30 μg (10 μl) were intrathecally injected twice a day for 7 consecutive days, with other treatments similar to those previously described in ME group. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before administration (T 0) and on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after administration (T 1-4). Rats were deeply anesthetized and sacrificed at T 3, 4 after administration, and the L 4-6 spinal cord tissues were collected for determination of the expression of membrane CB1, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 by Western blot. Results:Compared with NS group, the MWT was significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at T 3, 4 in M, ME and MEA groups, the expression of spinal membrane CB1 and p-ERK1/2 was significantly up-regulated at T 4 after administration in M group, and the expression of spinal membrane CB1 was significantly up-regulated at T 3, 4 after administration in ME and MEA groups ( P<0.05). Compared with M group, the MWT was significantly increased and the TWL was prolonged at T 3, 4, and the expression of p-ERK1/2 was down-regulated at T 4 after administration in ME group ( P<0.05), no significant change was found in MWT or TWL at T 3, 4 in MEA group ( P>0.05), and the expression of spinal membrane CB1 was significantly up-regulated at T 3, 4 after administration in ME and MEA groups ( P<0.05). Compared with ME group, the MWT was significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at T 3, 4, and the expression of spinal membrane CB1 and p-ERK1/2 was up-regulated at T 4 after administration in MEA group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Up-regulation of spinal membrane CB1 expression is involved in EA-mediated alleviation of morphine-induced OIH, which is associated with the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in rats.