PURPOSE: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a public health issue and cost a lot to individuals, families, communities and nations. Trauma care systems in India are at a nascent stage of development. There is gross disparity between trauma services available in various parts of the country. Rural area in India has inefficient services for trauma care, due to the varied topography, financial constraints, and lack of appropriate health infrastructure. The present study is to study the trends of occurrence of RTA cases by month, week and time of accident occurrence as well as to research the types of vehicle involved in accidents and other various risk factors related to them. METHODS: During 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017, a hospital-based and cross-sectional study of RTA victims was conducted. The patients were admitted in emergency department of Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, when stabilized, they were shifted to the orthopaedics and surgery ward. RESULTS: In the study, 654 road accident victims were included, of which the majority were males (77.5%) and the most of them belonged to rural (67%). RTA victims according to the month of occurrence majority were found in January (12.5%) and evening was time of a day with maximum accidents (32.1%). Mortality cases of RTA victims based on type of road user and it shows decreasing trend of mortality of motorcyclists (54.2%) followed by pedestrian (25.1%). CONCLUSION There should be control over people driving vehicles under the influence of alcohol and drivers over-speeding and rash driving on urban roads as well as rural village roads.
Accidental Injuries ; epidemiology ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Accidents, Traffic ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Automobile Driving ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Seasons ; Tertiary Care Centers ; statistics & numerical data ; Time ; Young Adult

We conducted a retrospective study and reviewed the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)-related papers published in a leading international journal, Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, between January 2014 and December 2015. The study was conducted to ascertain and compare the trends of articles being published in the years 2014 and 2015. A total of 28 articles were reviewed, of which most of the full-length articles were on clinical management and outcomes and the role of radiology. The bulk of the studies were prospective, and less interest was shown in experimental research. A thorough review and analysis thus gives the impression that there is a great need for well-designed clinical studies on TMJ.
Ankylosis ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgery, Oral ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

No abstract available.
Polycythemia* ; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial*

Placental morphology and cellular arrangement are altered in maternal diseases such as preeclampsia (PE) in which oxygen delivery from the mother to the fetus is greatly disturbed, ultimately resulting in cellular oxidative stress. The present study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy and included 112 placentas (56 each from mothers with and without PE [controls]) collected at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. A histological study was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The morphology of stem and terminal villi (TV) was studied, and the surface area and diameter of TV and capillaries were measured. The gross placental morphometrical study revealed that the mean placental weight, thickness, diameter, and surface area were significantly lower in placentas with PE than in controls. The histomorphometrical findings of the villous surface area and diameter were lower in placentas with PE, whereas the TV density was higher in placentas with PE than in controls, and the differences were significant (P<0.0001). In these TV, the diameter and density of fetal blood vessels of placentas with PE were significantly lower than those of controls (P<0.05). In conclusion, the both morphological and histological changes in PE placentas are indicative of the pathogenesis of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in women with PE. The observed and comparative histomorphometrical changes indicate a decline in all aspects of the PE placenta, except the number of TV.
Capillaries ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Fetus ; Gynecology ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Mortality ; Mothers* ; Obstetrics ; Oxidative Stress ; Oxygen ; Placenta ; Pre-Eclampsia

INTRODUCTION: Cystone is an approved Ayurvedic polyherbal proprietary medicine used in India for various urinary disorders, including urolithiasis. AIM: To evaluate the protective effect of Cystone against hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative stress and calcium oxalate crystal deposition in urolithiasis. METHODS: Ethylene glycol (EG) (0.75%, V/V) in drinking water was given to rats for 28 days to induce urolithiasis with simultaneous treatment of Cystone (500 and 750 mg/kg body weight), and various urinary risk factors of urolithiasis and antioxidant markers were assessed. RESULTS: EG treatment lead to increased urine volume and lowered urinary pH, along with increased urinary excretion of oxalate, calcium and phosphate in untreated animals. These changes caused extensive calcium oxalate crystal deposition, increased lipid peroxidation and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase and GPx) in the kidney of untreated rats. Cystone prevented these hyperoxaluric manifestations and inhibited calcium oxalate crystal deposition in treated rats at both doses. CONCLUSIONS Cystone therapy provides protection against hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative stress and calcium oxalate crystal deposition by improving renal tissue antioxidant status and diuresis.
Animals ; Calcium Oxalate ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; India ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Urolithiasis ; drug therapy ; metabolism

The vasculosyncytial membrane (VSM), primary site of fetomaternal exchange is formed when syncytiotrophoblast surrounds the terminal villi and make a close contact with capillaries. Some syncytiotrophoblast forms thin single layer of villous and some syncytial nuclei become piled up to form the syncytial knots (SKs). Undoubtedly there is a clear-cut inverse relation between villous VSM and fetal hypoxia. In preeclampsia (PE) the hypoxia injury disrupts the syncytial architecture which in turn initiates other complications of PE. Present study was designed to observe the morphological and histomorphometric features of 84 placentas from control and PE (42 each) collected from Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Neonatal weight and placental weight were reduced in PE than the controls but the feto-placental index did not differ. The SK density and VSM thickness was found to be increased and was statistically significant in PE cases. In relation to SKs, the VSM thickness was twofold increased than the controls and was statistically significant. The SKs in the present study were classified as type-1, 2a, 2b, and 3. Type 1 was found to be 62% in control and 47% in PE, type 2a and 2b were 38% in control and 37% in PE, and type 3 was in 8% of PE cases. All the parameters of present study reveal the adverse effects of PE influencing on both morphological and microscopical features of the placenta resulting in fetal hypoxia.
Anoxia ; Capillaries ; Fetal Hypoxia ; Gynecology ; Membranes ; Obstetrics ; Placenta ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Trophoblasts

The vasculosyncytial membrane (VSM), primary site of fetomaternal exchange is formed when syncytiotrophoblast surrounds the terminal villi and make a close contact with capillaries. Some syncytiotrophoblast forms thin single layer of villous and some syncytial nuclei become piled up to form the syncytial knots (SKs). Undoubtedly there is a clear-cut inverse relation between villous VSM and fetal hypoxia. In preeclampsia (PE) the hypoxia injury disrupts the syncytial architecture which in turn initiates other complications of PE. Present study was designed to observe the morphological and histomorphometric features of 84 placentas from control and PE (42 each) collected from Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Neonatal weight and placental weight were reduced in PE than the controls but the feto-placental index did not differ. The SK density and VSM thickness was found to be increased and was statistically significant in PE cases. In relation to SKs, the VSM thickness was twofold increased than the controls and was statistically significant. The SKs in the present study were classified as type-1, 2a, 2b, and 3. Type 1 was found to be 62% in control and 47% in PE, type 2a and 2b were 38% in control and 37% in PE, and type 3 was in 8% of PE cases. All the parameters of present study reveal the adverse effects of PE influencing on both morphological and microscopical features of the placenta resulting in fetal hypoxia.
Anoxia ; Capillaries ; Fetal Hypoxia ; Gynecology ; Membranes ; Obstetrics ; Placenta ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Trophoblasts

Orthodontic elastic bands are an important iatrogenic etiologic factor in the causation of periodontal attachment apparatus breakdown. Appropriate diagnosis and a well constructed treatment plan tailor-made to suit the requirements of the particular patient is imperative for management of periodontal lesions induced by subgingival retention of rubber band. There are conflicting reports regarding the reattachment and regeneration of lost periodontal supporting tissues in such cases. The present case report highlights the spontaneous reversal and correction of periodontal destruction due to iatrogenic orthodontic elastic band displacement deep into the subgingival tissues.

Cerebral Palsy is a common and devastating neurological disorder, with no medical treatment apart from physiotherapy regimes to alleviate the functional disability. Regenerative medicine using stem cells has gained momentum in recent years as a possible strategy to repair the injured brain. Present study was undertaken in a open label series to evaluate the safety, feasibility and observe for any benefi cial effects of intra-arterial infusion of autologous bone marrow derived mononuclear cells in patients with cerebral palsy with moderate disability. Functional improvement was assessed using the motor power and spasticity scales, dystonia and abnormal movements scale and the activities of daily living scales by modifi ed Barthel Index and modifi ed Rankin Scores. Serial structural imaging with MRI and functional imaging with FDG-PET scans were done. Of the 30 patients injected with an average of 10-30 million cells into each carotid artery, improvements were observed in all clinical scales, and predominantly in the disability scores. No adverse events were noted on a 12 months follow up.

AIMTo determine if Yq microdeletion frequency and loci of deletion are similar in two tissues (blood and sperm) of different embryological origin.

METHODSThe present study included 52 infertile oligozoospermic cases. In each case, DNA was isolated from blood and sperms and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microdeletion analysis was done from genomic DNA isolated from both the tissues. The PCR products were analyzed on a 1.8% agarose gel. PCR amplifications found to be negative were repeated at least three times to confirm the deletion of a given marker.

RESULTSOnly 1 case harbored microdeletion in blood DNA, whereas 4 cases harbored microdeletion in sperm DNA.

CONCLUSIONThe frequency of Yq microdeletions is higher in germ cells as compared to blood. As the majority of infertile couples opt for assisted reproduction procreation techniques (ART), Yq microdeletion screening from germ cells is important to understand the genetic basis of infertility, to provide comprehensive counseling and most adapted therapeutics to the infertile couple.

Chromosomes, Human, Y ; genetics ; DNA ; blood ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Deletion ; Spermatozoa ; physiology