Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder and is often accompanied by alteration in the gut microbiota. Recently, several studies have disclosed its association with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the general population. Despite the high prevalence of constipation, data on the clinical impact of constipation in patients with chronic kidney disease are limited. We aimed to explore the prevalence of constipation and its association with cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease using a nationally representative cohort of hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study used hemodialysis quality assessment and health insurance claims data from patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in South Korea. Chronic constipation was defined using the total number of laxatives prescribed during the 1-year baseline period. The primary outcome was a composite of acute ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction, or all-cause death. Secondary outcomes were the individual components of the primary outcome. Results: Among 35,230 patients on hemodialysis, 9,133 (25.9%) were identified as having constipation. During a median follow-up of 5.4 years, patients with constipation had a 15% higher incidence of the composite outcome, 16% higher incidence of ischemic stroke, and 14% higher all-cause mortality, after multivariate adjustment. Conclusion: Chronic constipation requiring laxatives was associated with a higher risk of the composite outcome of cardiovascular events or all-cause death in patients on hemodialysis. Further studies are needed to confirm whether constipation is an independent predictor or a possible causal factor of cardiovascular disease.

Purpose: : Nursing record is a critical competency that directly impacts nurses’ professionalism and patient safety, requiring accuracy and objectivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the “Nurse records Room of Error (ROE)” program, developed to enhance nursing students’ confidence in nursing record, critical thinking disposition, and nursing records knowledge. The study also seeks to propose an effective educational strategy to strengthen practical competencies in nursing education. Methods: : A one-group pretest-posttest design was employed in this study. The Nurse records ROE program was implemented for 54 second-year nursing students at a university in City D. The program consisted of theoretical lectures and simulation activities. Confidence in nursing record (VAS), critical thinking disposition, and nursing records knowledge were assessed before and after the program. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests. Results: : After implementing the Nurse records ROE program, nursing students’ confidence in record significantly improved from 3.61±1.88 to 5.25±1.50 (t=-5.415, p <.001), critical thinking disposition increased from 94.43±9.39 to 104.09±15.71 (t=-4.012, p <.001), and nursing records knowledge rose from 53.17±5.22 to 57.06±3.60 (t=-5.095, p <.001). Conclusion : The Nurse records ROE program was found to be an effective educational tool for improving nursing students’ record competencies. This program underscores the necessity of simulation-based learning in nursing education, offering students opportunities to enhance practical skills in a safe environment, ultimately contributing to patient safety and quality of care. Future studies should include controlled designs and evaluate the program’s applicability in diverse clinical settings.

Primary aldosteronism is a group of disorders in which the autonomous secretion of aldosterone is associated with hypertension and hypokalemia. It is crucial to determine the laterality of aldosterone hypersecretion because treatment options differ accordingly. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is considered the most reliable method for assessing the laterality of primary aldosteronism. This procedure is often technically challenging because of the small size and varied locations of the adrenal veins. A better understanding of anatomical variations and careful review of imaging studies would improve sampling success. This report presents three cases of anatomical variations encountered during AVS.

Purpose: : This study is a descriptive research study to identify factors that influence the career preparation behavior of nursing students. Methods: : The subjects were 153 students attending nursing school. The data were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics 25.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test and Pearson’s correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: : The degree of career preparation behavior of the subjects differed depending on their interpersonal relationships(F=3.093, p=.029). The subject’s career preparation behavior had a positive correlation with nursing professionalism and self-efficacy. As a result of stepwise regression analysis, factors related to the subject’s career preparation behavior were found to be in the order of self-efficacy and nursing professionalism. These variables were found to explain 14.7% of career preparation behavior (F=12.903, p<.001). Nursing professionalism (t=3.283, p=.001), professor trust (t=2.148, p=.033), and self-efficacy (t=2.745, p=.007) of subjects with high career preparation behavior scores were higher than those of subjects with low career preparation behavior scores. Conclusion : It was found that nursing students’ nursing professional intuition and self-efficacy influenced career preparation behavior. In addition, nursing students with a high level of career preparation behavior were found to have higher nursing professional intuition, trust in professors, and self-efficacy than nursing students with a low level of career preparation behavior. Based on the results of this study, efforts are needed to improve nursing professional intuition and self-efficacy in order to promote career preparation behavior among nursing students.

Purpose: : This study is a descriptive research study to identify factors that influence the career preparation behavior of nursing students. Methods: : The subjects were 153 students attending nursing school. The data were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics 25.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test and Pearson’s correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: : The degree of career preparation behavior of the subjects differed depending on their interpersonal relationships(F=3.093, p=.029). The subject’s career preparation behavior had a positive correlation with nursing professionalism and self-efficacy. As a result of stepwise regression analysis, factors related to the subject’s career preparation behavior were found to be in the order of self-efficacy and nursing professionalism. These variables were found to explain 14.7% of career preparation behavior (F=12.903, p<.001). Nursing professionalism (t=3.283, p=.001), professor trust (t=2.148, p=.033), and self-efficacy (t=2.745, p=.007) of subjects with high career preparation behavior scores were higher than those of subjects with low career preparation behavior scores. Conclusion : It was found that nursing students’ nursing professional intuition and self-efficacy influenced career preparation behavior. In addition, nursing students with a high level of career preparation behavior were found to have higher nursing professional intuition, trust in professors, and self-efficacy than nursing students with a low level of career preparation behavior. Based on the results of this study, efforts are needed to improve nursing professional intuition and self-efficacy in order to promote career preparation behavior among nursing students.

Primary aldosteronism is a group of disorders in which the autonomous secretion of aldosterone is associated with hypertension and hypokalemia. It is crucial to determine the laterality of aldosterone hypersecretion because treatment options differ accordingly. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is considered the most reliable method for assessing the laterality of primary aldosteronism. This procedure is often technically challenging because of the small size and varied locations of the adrenal veins. A better understanding of anatomical variations and careful review of imaging studies would improve sampling success. This report presents three cases of anatomical variations encountered during AVS.

Primary aldosteronism is a group of disorders in which the autonomous secretion of aldosterone is associated with hypertension and hypokalemia. It is crucial to determine the laterality of aldosterone hypersecretion because treatment options differ accordingly. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is considered the most reliable method for assessing the laterality of primary aldosteronism. This procedure is often technically challenging because of the small size and varied locations of the adrenal veins. A better understanding of anatomical variations and careful review of imaging studies would improve sampling success. This report presents three cases of anatomical variations encountered during AVS.

Purpose: : This study is a descriptive research study to identify factors that influence the career preparation behavior of nursing students. Methods: : The subjects were 153 students attending nursing school. The data were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics 25.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test and Pearson’s correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: : The degree of career preparation behavior of the subjects differed depending on their interpersonal relationships(F=3.093, p=.029). The subject’s career preparation behavior had a positive correlation with nursing professionalism and self-efficacy. As a result of stepwise regression analysis, factors related to the subject’s career preparation behavior were found to be in the order of self-efficacy and nursing professionalism. These variables were found to explain 14.7% of career preparation behavior (F=12.903, p<.001). Nursing professionalism (t=3.283, p=.001), professor trust (t=2.148, p=.033), and self-efficacy (t=2.745, p=.007) of subjects with high career preparation behavior scores were higher than those of subjects with low career preparation behavior scores. Conclusion : It was found that nursing students’ nursing professional intuition and self-efficacy influenced career preparation behavior. In addition, nursing students with a high level of career preparation behavior were found to have higher nursing professional intuition, trust in professors, and self-efficacy than nursing students with a low level of career preparation behavior. Based on the results of this study, efforts are needed to improve nursing professional intuition and self-efficacy in order to promote career preparation behavior among nursing students.

Background: Axillary bromhidrosis is a disease characterized by malodor caused by the interaction between apocrine gland secretions and bacteria. Current treatment modalities include topical treatment, liposuction curettage, microwave therapy, and surgical intervention. Objective: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and quality of life over a 3-year follow-up period of the 1,444-nm Nd:YAG laser and surgical treatment for bromhidrosis. Methods: Forty-five patients participated in the study, with 20 patients receiving laser treatment and 25 patients undergoing surgery using the modified Inaba method. The degree of remaining axillary malodor, pain, reduced mobility, and overall patient satisfaction were assessed retrospectively through medical records and direct or indirect patient interviews at 7 days, 1 month, 2 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years after each treatment. The modified Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was used to evaluate the quality of life. Results: Over the course of all the assessed time periods, the remaining odor and overall satisfaction scores did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, the laser-treated group reported significantly lower pain scores, reduced mobility, and total DLQI score. There were no significant differences in adverse events between the two groups. Conclusion In our study, laser treatment for bromhidrosis showed comparable efficacy to surgery. Moreover, fewer adverse events occurred in the laser group. In addition, patient quality of life was better after laser treatment. In conclusion, subdermal coagulation treatment with the 1,444-nm Nd:YAG laser may be a less invasive and effective therapy for bromhidrosis.