Biotoxins are natural chemical substances produced by animals,plants or microorgan-isms that exhibit toxicity toward other species.These biotoxins exhibit a wide range of structural complexi-ties.Some of them are highly toxic,posing significant threats to human health and public safety.In recent years,researchers have employed the cell membranes of biotoxin target cells to coat nanomate-rials,thereby constructing biomimetic nanosystems with high biocompatibility,low immunogenicity,prolonged circulation time,and strong targeting capabilities.By leveraging the interactions between biotoxins and their target cell membranes,these systems effectively trap toxins,leading to notable advancements in this field.This article reviews the toxic mechanisms of biotoxins,the historical devel-opment of using biomimetic nanosystems for toxin detoxification,common preparation methods and characterization techniques,as well as the composition and detoxification efficacy of these nanosys-tems,thus providing references for their future design,development,and application.

Biotoxins are natural chemical substances produced by animals,plants or microorgan-isms that exhibit toxicity toward other species.These biotoxins exhibit a wide range of structural complexi-ties.Some of them are highly toxic,posing significant threats to human health and public safety.In recent years,researchers have employed the cell membranes of biotoxin target cells to coat nanomate-rials,thereby constructing biomimetic nanosystems with high biocompatibility,low immunogenicity,prolonged circulation time,and strong targeting capabilities.By leveraging the interactions between biotoxins and their target cell membranes,these systems effectively trap toxins,leading to notable advancements in this field.This article reviews the toxic mechanisms of biotoxins,the historical devel-opment of using biomimetic nanosystems for toxin detoxification,common preparation methods and characterization techniques,as well as the composition and detoxification efficacy of these nanosys-tems,thus providing references for their future design,development,and application.