Objective:To compare the accuracy of intraoral scanning for complete-arch implant-supported fixed prosthesis using umbrella scan bodies (USB) and conventional scan bodies (CSB), providing a reference for the clinical application of umbrella-shaped scanning bodies.Methods:A new type of umbrella-shaped scanning body and its matching auxiliary bar were independently developed. A maxillary type Ⅳ dental stone model with six parallel implant abutment analogs was fabricated. Conventional scanning bodies were installed on the model, and a laboratory scanner was used to scan the model as reference data. The CSB, USB, and USB combined with an auxiliary bar (U+SB) were installed on the model, respectively. A single attending physician performed intraoral scanning 10 times for each group using an intraoral scanner, serving as test group data (CSB, USB, U+SB). The test data were best-fit aligned with the virtual abutment models generated from the reference data. The trueness and precision of root-mean-square error (RMSE) values, inter-abutment distance deviations, angular deviations, and scanning time were measured and calculated. Repeated measures ANOVA and generalized estimating equation models were used for statistical analysis.Results:The trueness of RMSE values [(48.0±12.6) and (45.9±13.4) μm] and distance deviations [(64.5±60.2) and (63.8±54.4) μm] of the USB and U+SB groups were significantly better than those of the CSB group [(81.9±23.9) and (90.0±85.2) μm] (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in trueness of RMSE values and distance deviations between the USB group and U+SB group (all P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the precision of RMSE values and angular deviations among the three groups (all P>0.05). The scanning time of the USB group and U+SB group [(54.3±11.8) and (35.8±10.1) s] was significantly shorter than that of CSB group [(108.7±38.9) s] (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with conventional scanning bodies, the new umbrella-shaped scanning body demonstrates higher accuracy and efficiency for intraoral scanning impressions in complete-arch implant-supported fixed prosthesis.

Objective:To investigate the differences in acute intestinal injury and regulatory mechanisms in mice following carbon ion FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) and conventional dose rate radiotherapy (CONV-RT).Methods:Healthy C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, FLASH-RT group (100 Gy/s), and CONV-RT group (0.1 Gy/s), with 9 mice in each group. All mice received carbon ion whole abdominal radiotherapy. DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and cell proliferation were evaluated by measuring the expression of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) and nuclear-associated antigen 67 (Ki67) using immunohistochemistry; apoptosis was analyzed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL); transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the differences in molecular pathways between FLASH-RT and CONV-RT.Results:Compared with the CONV-RT group, the FLASH-RT group showed significantly reduced intestinal γ-H2AX signal at 3 h after radiotherapy ( t=3.80, P<0.01), significantly increased expression of Ki67 at the base of intestinal crypts at 6 h after radiotherapy ( t=4.30, P<0.001), and a significantly decreased number of TUNEL-positive cells at 12 h after radiotherapy ( t=3.08, P<0.01). Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that FLASH-RT specifically activated the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway, avoiding the excessive activation of CONV-RT-induced nuclear factor-κB and B cell receptor inflammatory pathways as well as the inhibition of energy metabolism. Conclusions:Compared with CONV-RT, carbon ion FLASH-RT can reduce DSB damage, preserve the proliferative activity of intestinal stem cells, activate the IGF pathway, and regulate inflammatory, immune, and metabolic pathways, thereby significantly alleviating acute intestinal epithelial injury. Specifically, the regulation of repair pathways mediated by reduced DSB and the inhibition of inflammatory pathways are potential protective mechanisms for normal tissues.

Objective:To investigate the differences in acute intestinal injury and regulatory mechanisms in mice following carbon ion FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) and conventional dose rate radiotherapy (CONV-RT).Methods:Healthy C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, FLASH-RT group (100 Gy/s), and CONV-RT group (0.1 Gy/s), with 9 mice in each group. All mice received carbon ion whole abdominal radiotherapy. DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and cell proliferation were evaluated by measuring the expression of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) and nuclear-associated antigen 67 (Ki67) using immunohistochemistry; apoptosis was analyzed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL); transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the differences in molecular pathways between FLASH-RT and CONV-RT.Results:Compared with the CONV-RT group, the FLASH-RT group showed significantly reduced intestinal γ-H2AX signal at 3 h after radiotherapy ( t=3.80, P<0.01), significantly increased expression of Ki67 at the base of intestinal crypts at 6 h after radiotherapy ( t=4.30, P<0.001), and a significantly decreased number of TUNEL-positive cells at 12 h after radiotherapy ( t=3.08, P<0.01). Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that FLASH-RT specifically activated the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway, avoiding the excessive activation of CONV-RT-induced nuclear factor-κB and B cell receptor inflammatory pathways as well as the inhibition of energy metabolism. Conclusions:Compared with CONV-RT, carbon ion FLASH-RT can reduce DSB damage, preserve the proliferative activity of intestinal stem cells, activate the IGF pathway, and regulate inflammatory, immune, and metabolic pathways, thereby significantly alleviating acute intestinal epithelial injury. Specifically, the regulation of repair pathways mediated by reduced DSB and the inhibition of inflammatory pathways are potential protective mechanisms for normal tissues.

Anxiety disorder is a major symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with a comorbidity rate of ~40%. However, the neural mechanisms of the emergence of anxiety in ASD remain unclear. In our study, we found that hyperactivity of basolateral amygdala (BLA) pyramidal neurons (PNs) in Shank3 InsG3680 knock-in (InsG3680^+/+) mice is involved in the development of anxiety. Electrophysiological results also showed increased excitatory input and decreased inhibitory input in BLA PNs. Chemogenetic inhibition of the excitability of PNs in the BLA rescued the anxiety phenotype of InsG3680^+/+ mice. Further study found that the diminished control of the BLA by medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and optogenetic activation of the mPFC-BLA pathway also had a rescue effect, which increased the feedforward inhibition of the BLA. Taken together, our results suggest that hyperactivity of the BLA and alteration of the mPFC-BLA circuitry are involved in anxiety in InsG3680^+/+ mice.
Animals ; Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism* ; Basolateral Nuclear Complex/metabolism* ; Mice ; Anxiety/metabolism* ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics* ; Male ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology* ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neural Pathways/physiopathology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microfilament Proteins

Chronic pain, frequently comorbid with neuropsychiatric disorders, significantly impairs patients' quality of life and functional capacity. Accumulating evidence implicates the chemokine CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 as key players in chronic pain pathogenesis. This review examines the regulatory mechanisms of the CCL2/CCR2 axis in chronic pain processing at three hierarchical levels: (1) Peripheral Sensitization: CCL2/CCR2 modulates TRPV1, Nav1.8, and HCN2 channels to increase neuronal excitability and CGRP signaling and calcium-dependent exocytosis in peripheral nociceptors to transmit pain. (2) Spinal Cord Central Sensitization: CCL2/CCR2 contributes to NMDAR-dependent plasticity, glial activation, GABAergic disinhibition, and opioid receptor desensitization. (3) Supraspinal Central Networks: CCL2/CCR2 signaling axis mediates the comorbidity mechanisms of pain with anxiety and cognitive impairment within brain regions, including the ACC, CeA, NAc, and hippocampus, and it also increases pain sensitization through the descending facilitation system. Current CCL2/CCR2-targeted therapeutic strategies and their development status are discussed, highlighting novel avenues for chronic pain management.
Humans ; Chronic Pain/physiopathology* ; Animals ; Neuroglia/metabolism* ; Chemokine CCL2/metabolism* ; Receptors, CCR2/metabolism*

Peri-implant keratinized mucosa (PIKM) augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM. Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health. Currently, several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM. However, the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques, variations in clinical scenarios, and anatomical differences. Therefore, clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed. This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery. It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing, planning, and executing PIKM augmentation procedures, with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Implants ; Mouth Mucosa/surgery* ; Keratins

Objective:To compare the accuracy of intraoral scanning for complete-arch implant-supported fixed prosthesis using umbrella scan bodies (USB) and conventional scan bodies (CSB), providing a reference for the clinical application of umbrella-shaped scanning bodies.Methods:A new type of umbrella-shaped scanning body and its matching auxiliary bar were independently developed. A maxillary type Ⅳ dental stone model with six parallel implant abutment analogs was fabricated. Conventional scanning bodies were installed on the model, and a laboratory scanner was used to scan the model as reference data. The CSB, USB, and USB combined with an auxiliary bar (U+SB) were installed on the model, respectively. A single attending physician performed intraoral scanning 10 times for each group using an intraoral scanner, serving as test group data (CSB, USB, U+SB). The test data were best-fit aligned with the virtual abutment models generated from the reference data. The trueness and precision of root-mean-square error (RMSE) values, inter-abutment distance deviations, angular deviations, and scanning time were measured and calculated. Repeated measures ANOVA and generalized estimating equation models were used for statistical analysis.Results:The trueness of RMSE values [(48.0±12.6) and (45.9±13.4) μm] and distance deviations [(64.5±60.2) and (63.8±54.4) μm] of the USB and U+SB groups were significantly better than those of the CSB group [(81.9±23.9) and (90.0±85.2) μm] (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in trueness of RMSE values and distance deviations between the USB group and U+SB group (all P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the precision of RMSE values and angular deviations among the three groups (all P>0.05). The scanning time of the USB group and U+SB group [(54.3±11.8) and (35.8±10.1) s] was significantly shorter than that of CSB group [(108.7±38.9) s] (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with conventional scanning bodies, the new umbrella-shaped scanning body demonstrates higher accuracy and efficiency for intraoral scanning impressions in complete-arch implant-supported fixed prosthesis.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of differential distribution of peripheral lymphocyte subsets before and after the first 131I treatment on the therapeutic response to 131I treatment in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 46 PTC patients (16 males, 30 females, age 20-77 years) who underwent total thyroidectomy and received 131I treatment between January 2021 and August 2021 in First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (T, B, CD4 + T, CD8 + T, natural killer (NK), helper T (Th)1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells) were measured 1-2 d before and 30 d after 131I treatment. Based on serological and imaging evidence, therapeutic response at 6-12 months post- 131I therapy was categorized as either excellent response (ER) or non-excellent response (NER). Differences of preablative stimulated thyroglobulin (psTg) and clinical baseline characteristics between two groups were assessed by using independent-sample t test, paired t test, or Mann-Whitney U test. Predictive value of lymphocyte subsets before and after 131I treatment for therapeutic response was assessed through logistic regression analysis, ROC curve analysis, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results:In ER group ( n=33) and NER group ( n=13), most lymphocyte subsets showed different degrees of reduction 30 d after 131I treatment compared to before 131I treatment, such as T, B, CD4 + T and Th1 cells in ER group, as well as T, B, CD4 + T, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in NER group ( t values: 2.41-9.57, all P<0.05). Before 131I treatment, NER group had significantly higher levels of psTg, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells compared to the ER group ( t values: from -3.32 to -2.48, U=29.00, all P<0.05). After 131I treatment, most of lymphocyte subsets in NER group (T, B, CD4 + T, CD8 + T, Th1 and Treg cells) showed higher trend than those in ER group but without statistical significances ( t values: from -1.12 to -0.06, all P>0.05). Th2 cells before 131I treatment (odds ratio ( OR)=25.00, 95% CI: 1.36-459.10, P=0.030) was identified as a risk factor for NER. ROC curve analysis indicated that AUCs of psTg and Th2 cells for predicting therapeutic response were 0.932 and 0.790, respectively, which was 0.958 for the combined psTg and Th2 cells. DCA showed that within the threshold probability range of 10%-60%, the curves for psTg, Th2 cells, and the combined psTg and Th2 cells were all higher than the extreme curve, suggesting good effect. Conclusions:Most lymphocyte subsets decrease to varying degrees, and NER group shows a significant decrease 30 d after 131I treatment. Th2 cells may be a risk factor for poor response to 131I treatment, providing a certain value in predicting the therapeutic response to 131I treatment.

Objective·To assess the accuracy and time of the two-in-one registration technique by comparing it with the U-shaped tube registration in dynamic navigation implantation.Methods·Thirty standardized 3D-printed models with mandibular posterior sites missing a single tooth were randomly divided into three groups:two-in-one registration group,U-shaped tube registration group and free-hand implantation group,and the implant surgical plan was designed by the"YIZHIMEI"DCARER oral implant surgery navigation system.Cone beam CT before and after operation was taken.The implant platform deviation,implant apex deviation and angular deviation of the actual implant positions and the designed implant positions were measured.The operating time for using two-in-one registration technique and the U-shaped tube registration technique was recorded to evaluate the complexity of the two registration techniques.The one-way ANOVA and SNK(Student-Newman-Keuls)test were used to analyze the implant platform deviation,implant apex deviation and angular deviation of each group.Results·There were no statistically significant differences in implant platform deviation,implant apex deviation and angular deviation between the two-in-one registration group and the U-shaped tube registration group(P>0.05).However,the implant platform deviation,implant apex deviation and angular deviation of the two-in-one registration group and the U-shaped tube group were lower than those in the free-hand implantation group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001).The operating time required for the two-in-one registration was shorter than that for the U-shaped tube registration process,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion·The accuracy of the two-in-one dynamic navigation registration technique used in implanting on a model of mandibular posterior sites missing a single tooth is similar to that of the U-shaped tube dynamic navigation registration technique.But the two-in-one registration takes less time for registration procedure than the U-shaped tube registration,and is easier to operate.

Machine vision image processing technology is extensively employed in the medical realm, particularly in dynamic navigation and robotic systems for oral implantology. It plays a pivotal role in assisting clinicians with precise implant placements, enhancing the predictability of implant restorations. The fundamental principles of machine vision image processing technology utilized in dynamic navigation and robotic systems for oral implantology primarily encompass spatial positioning and registration. However, due to variations in technical principles among different systems, their workflows and technical nuances exhibit distinctive characteristics. Therefore, commencing from the principles of spatial positioning and registration in machine vision image processing technology. This article delves into the current application landscape of machine vision in dynamic navigation and robotics for oral implantology. Its objective is to furnish valuable insights for the clinical implementation of machine vision-assisted implant technology.