The aim of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively detect coronavirus(CoV)in the feces of bats from Qinghua Cave,Yunnan Province,China.CoV was qualitatively tested with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and homology and genetic evolution were analyzed with bioinformatics software.The established reverse transcription real-time fluores-cence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)method was applied to CoV quantification in bat feces.The positivity rate of CoV in 306 fecal samples collected from the fulvous fruit bat(Rousettus leschenaultia)was 7.8%(24/306)according to RT-PCR.All 24 strains of CoV belonged to β-CoV,and showed a similarity of 86.8%-100.0%at the nucleotide level and 95.2%-100.0%at the amino acid level,with respect to other β-CoV sequences in the NCBI database.The positivity rate of CoV was 18.6%(57/306)according to qRT-PCR,a value higher than that according to RT-PCR(χ2=25.3,P<0.05).The mean β-CoV load was 1.3×103 copies/μL.In conclusion,the bats in Qinghua Cave,Yunnan Province,carried CoV belonging to β-CoV.The established qRT-PCR method achieved good sensitiv-ity,accuracy,reproducibility,and a higher detection rate than that of RT-PCR,and can be used for rapid detection of β-CoV in bats.

Objective:To sinicize the English version of the rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder symptom severity scale (RBDSSS) and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of RBDSSS (RBDSSS-C) among Chinese patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD).Methods:RBDSSS-C was ultimately formed through translation, back translation and revision according to the Brislin's translation model, including patient version (RBDSSS-PT) and bedpartner version (RBDSSS-BP). A questionnaire survey was conducted among 120 RBD patients to test the reliability and validity of the RBDSSS-C, using Cronbach’s α coefficient, Spearman-Brown coefficient, Spearman correlation analysis, content validity index and factor analysis. The correlation between RBDSSS-C and RBDQ-HK was examined.Results:For the Chinese version of RBDSSS-PT, the Cronbach’s α was 0.795, the split-half reliability was 0.756, and the test-retest reliability was 0.940. Item-level content validity indices (I-CVI) ranged from 0.833 to 1.000, and the scale-level CVI (S-CVI) was 0.937.For the Chinese version of RBDSSS-BP, the Cronbach’s α was 0.712, the split-half reliability was 0.813, and test-retest reliability was 0.950, with both I-CVI and S-CVI at 1.000.The scores of Chinese version of RBDSSS-PT and RBDSSS-BP were both significantly correlated with RBDQ-HK scores ( r=0.638, P<0.001 for RBDSSS-PT; r=0.639, P<0.001 for RBDSSS-BP). Factor analysis confirmed both single-factor structure for RBDSSS-PT and RBDSSS-BP.RBDSSS-PT showed χ2/ df=3.930, CFI=0.954, TLI=0.937, and RMSEA=0.093; RBDSSS-BP showed χ2/ df=8.300, CFI=0.975, TLI=0.966, and RMSEA=0.079. These results indicated adequate model fit. Conclusion:RBDSSS-C has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a reliable and effective tool to evaluate the severity of symptoms in Chinese RBD patients.

Objective:To investigate and explore the serum levels of testosterone and estradiol in correlation with disease severity and prognosis in male patients with liver failure.Methods:Sixty male cases with liver failure who received treatment from April 2022 to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Forty healthy subjects who underwent physical examination in the physical examination center during the same period were enrolled as the control group. The levels of sex hormones (serum testosterone and estradiol) were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the diagnostic value of testosterone and estradiol for the grading of male patients with liver failure. The prognostic factors for predicting disease severity were analyzed using COX regression. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive value.Results:The testosterone level was significantly higher in the healthy group than that in the liver failure group [(5.11±3.00) nmol/L vs. (2.22±2.78) nmol/L, t=4.934, P<0.001], while the estradiol level was significantly lower in the liver failure group [37.46±13.21) nmol/L vs. (113.45±67.70) nmol/L, t=-8.457, P<0.001]. Multiple discriminant logistic regression analysis results showed that estradiol and testosterone were independent predictors of the model for end-stage liver disease. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that testosterone was an independent prognostic factor for the 1-year mortality rate in male patients with liver failure. The area under the curve predicting the 1-year mortality rate was 0.745 after adjusting for other factors. Conclusion:Testosterone and estradiol levels are significantly altered in male patients with liver failure. Testosterone and estradiol levels in peripheral blood can effectively reflect the degree of liver function impairment and the 1-year mortality rate in male patients with liver failure, which is helpful for accurately assessing the severity of the disease and its prognosis.

Objective:To sinicize the English version of the rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder symptom severity scale (RBDSSS) and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of RBDSSS (RBDSSS-C) among Chinese patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD).Methods:RBDSSS-C was ultimately formed through translation, back translation and revision according to the Brislin's translation model, including patient version (RBDSSS-PT) and bedpartner version (RBDSSS-BP). A questionnaire survey was conducted among 120 RBD patients to test the reliability and validity of the RBDSSS-C, using Cronbach’s α coefficient, Spearman-Brown coefficient, Spearman correlation analysis, content validity index and factor analysis. The correlation between RBDSSS-C and RBDQ-HK was examined.Results:For the Chinese version of RBDSSS-PT, the Cronbach’s α was 0.795, the split-half reliability was 0.756, and the test-retest reliability was 0.940. Item-level content validity indices (I-CVI) ranged from 0.833 to 1.000, and the scale-level CVI (S-CVI) was 0.937.For the Chinese version of RBDSSS-BP, the Cronbach’s α was 0.712, the split-half reliability was 0.813, and test-retest reliability was 0.950, with both I-CVI and S-CVI at 1.000.The scores of Chinese version of RBDSSS-PT and RBDSSS-BP were both significantly correlated with RBDQ-HK scores ( r=0.638, P<0.001 for RBDSSS-PT; r=0.639, P<0.001 for RBDSSS-BP). Factor analysis confirmed both single-factor structure for RBDSSS-PT and RBDSSS-BP.RBDSSS-PT showed χ2/ df=3.930, CFI=0.954, TLI=0.937, and RMSEA=0.093; RBDSSS-BP showed χ2/ df=8.300, CFI=0.975, TLI=0.966, and RMSEA=0.079. These results indicated adequate model fit. Conclusion:RBDSSS-C has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a reliable and effective tool to evaluate the severity of symptoms in Chinese RBD patients.

The aim of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively detect coronavirus(CoV)in the feces of bats from Qinghua Cave,Yunnan Province,China.CoV was qualitatively tested with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and homology and genetic evolution were analyzed with bioinformatics software.The established reverse transcription real-time fluores-cence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)method was applied to CoV quantification in bat feces.The positivity rate of CoV in 306 fecal samples collected from the fulvous fruit bat(Rousettus leschenaultia)was 7.8%(24/306)according to RT-PCR.All 24 strains of CoV belonged to β-CoV,and showed a similarity of 86.8%-100.0%at the nucleotide level and 95.2%-100.0%at the amino acid level,with respect to other β-CoV sequences in the NCBI database.The positivity rate of CoV was 18.6%(57/306)according to qRT-PCR,a value higher than that according to RT-PCR(χ2=25.3,P<0.05).The mean β-CoV load was 1.3×103 copies/μL.In conclusion,the bats in Qinghua Cave,Yunnan Province,carried CoV belonging to β-CoV.The established qRT-PCR method achieved good sensitiv-ity,accuracy,reproducibility,and a higher detection rate than that of RT-PCR,and can be used for rapid detection of β-CoV in bats.

Objective:To investigate and explore the serum levels of testosterone and estradiol in correlation with disease severity and prognosis in male patients with liver failure.Methods:Sixty male cases with liver failure who received treatment from April 2022 to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Forty healthy subjects who underwent physical examination in the physical examination center during the same period were enrolled as the control group. The levels of sex hormones (serum testosterone and estradiol) were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the diagnostic value of testosterone and estradiol for the grading of male patients with liver failure. The prognostic factors for predicting disease severity were analyzed using COX regression. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive value.Results:The testosterone level was significantly higher in the healthy group than that in the liver failure group [(5.11±3.00) nmol/L vs. (2.22±2.78) nmol/L, t=4.934, P<0.001], while the estradiol level was significantly lower in the liver failure group [37.46±13.21) nmol/L vs. (113.45±67.70) nmol/L, t=-8.457, P<0.001]. Multiple discriminant logistic regression analysis results showed that estradiol and testosterone were independent predictors of the model for end-stage liver disease. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that testosterone was an independent prognostic factor for the 1-year mortality rate in male patients with liver failure. The area under the curve predicting the 1-year mortality rate was 0.745 after adjusting for other factors. Conclusion:Testosterone and estradiol levels are significantly altered in male patients with liver failure. Testosterone and estradiol levels in peripheral blood can effectively reflect the degree of liver function impairment and the 1-year mortality rate in male patients with liver failure, which is helpful for accurately assessing the severity of the disease and its prognosis.

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death around the world. The sequelae of ischemic stroke cause drastic effects on the quality of life for patients. Sanwujiaowan (SWJW) is a mixture prepared with 5 herbal medicines (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Aconiti Radix, and Olibanum), with a long history of application in treating the sequelae of stroke. Objectives: To provide evidence and decipher the mechanism of SWJW in alleviating stroke. Materials and methods: In this article, we expanded the indicators of SWJW by an integrated strategy based on signature metabolomics, target proteins, and bioinformatics and probed into the mechanism of SWJW intervention in ischemic stroke in a rat model. Results: The results indicated that SWJW protected rats from nerve damage during the acute phase of ischemic stroke by regulating tau phosphorylation via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Conclusions: This study, for the first time, proved that the reduction of phosphorylated tau was harmful for the neural function in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, the pathological changes of phosphorylated tau proteins were detected in stroke and recalled by SWJW. This finding may provide a new reference for formulating treatment strategies for the acute phase of ischemic stroke.

Objective To investigate the detection rate,epidemiology and resistance mechanism of methicil-lin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)in a hospital in recent 5 years.Methods A total of 762 strains of non repetitive Staphylococcus aureus detected from 2016 to 2020 in a hospital were collected retrospectively.Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA)was 392 strains(MSSA group)and 370 strains caused by MRSA(MRSA group),and 95 strains of MRSA isolated in 2020 were further used for resistance mechanism.Staphylococcus aureus was identified and tested for drug sensitivity by Vitek 2 automatic microbial system.Molecular epidemiological typing was determined by multilocus sequence typing.The biofilm formation was performed by crystal violet staining.PCR amplification was used to detect drug resistance genes,virulence genes and biofilm related genes,and logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent risk factors of its occurrence.Results The detection rate of MRSA in past five years was 48.56％,mainly was from pus samples and secretion samples(38.38％,33.51％respectively).MRSA was found in the general sur-gery(18.65％)and otorhinolaryngology(12.70％).ST88 was the most common multilocus sequence typing(37.89％),and followed by ST951(24.21％).Moderate biofilm formation was the most common,accounting for 74.73％.Multivariate regression analysis showed that compared with MSSA group,hypoproteinemia,en-docrine system diseases,wound infection and history of antibiotic use within six months were the independent risk factors for infection in MRSA group.Compared with the control group,hospital transfer,wound infection and tumor were independent risk factors for infection in MRSA group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of MRSA in a hospital is high,and the carrying rate of various drug-resistant genes is high.The hospital should pay attention to the prevalence of MRSA and related risk factors,so as to prevent it early.

Objective:This study aimed to assess left atrial function in adults across various age groups using 4-dimensional automated left atrial quantification(4D Auto LAQ)technology.The study also aimed to compare the differences in two-dimensional(2D)and four-dimensional(4D)strains of the left atrium among different age groups, with the goal of enhancing the clinical utility of 4D Auto LAQ.Methods:A total of 409 healthy volunteers were recruited for the research.Two-dimensional and four-dimensional images were obtained using a GE Vivid E95 ultrasound system with a 4Vc four-dimensional probe.The study examined variations in 2D and 4D ultrasound parameters across various age groups.Furthermore, the relationship between left atrial reservoir strain(LASr), Left atrial conduit strain(LAScd), left atrial contraction strain(LASct), and age was explored.Results:The study involved 409 volunteers, with 217 males and 192 females, who were categorized into three age groups: young(18-45 years, n=56), middle-aged(46-65 years, n=202), and elderly(>65 years, n=151).Conventional ultrasound measurements indicated changes in left atrial anterior-posterior diameter with age progression: (31.70±3.65)mm for the young group, (34.02±3.91)mm for the middle-aged group, and(35.2±4.37)mm for the elderly group( P<0.01).The 2D and 4D left atrial parameters across the age groups were as follows: LASr(2D)(%): 37.48±7.51, 30.95±8.23, 26.9±7.56( P<0.01); LA VImax(ml/m 2): 23.54±5.79, 26.33±7.6, 28.99±8.15( P<0.01); LASr(%): 31.2±17.07, 22.5±8.59, 19.49±7.47( P<0.01).Both 2D and 4D left atrial parameters exhibited significant associations with age.Specifically, the correlations between LASr(2D)(%), LAScd(2D)(%), LASr(%), LAScd(%), and age were -0.429, 0.580, -0.354, 0.298, respectively( P<0.01). Conclusions:The 4D Auto LAQ technology is efficient in assessing left atrial function across various age groups, with age playing a significant role in influencing left atrial parameters.When compared to other ultrasound parameters, both 2D and 4D left atrial strain parameters have the ability to detect differences at an early stage, making them suitable for the early screening, evaluation, and monitoring of age-related left atrial dysfunction, especially in the elderly population.