Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of spraying different formulations of niclosamide ethanolamine salt with drones against Oncomelania hupensis in ditches. Methods A semi-dry and semi-wet ditch with O. hupensis snails was selected in the second branch field of Jiangbei Farm, Jiangling County, Hubei Province in May 2023, and divided into 4 experimental areas, named groups A1, A2, B1 and B2. Environmental cleaning was performed in groups A1 and B2, and was not conducted in groups A2 or B2. Then, 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt was sprayed with drones at an effective dose of 2 g/m² in groups A1 and A2, and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granule was sprayed with drones at an effective dose of 2 g/m² in groups B1 and B2. O. hupensis snails were surveyed using the systematic sampling method 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days after spraying, and the natural mortality and corrected mortality of O. hupensis snails were calculated. Results The occurrence of frames with living snails, mean density of living snails and natural mortality of snails were 97.50% (117/120), 6.30 snails/0.1 m² and 1.18% (9/765) in the test ditch before spraying, respectively. There were significant differences in the mortality of snails among four groups 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after spraying niclosamide formulations with drones (χ² = 17.230, 51.707, 65.184, 204.050 and 34.435, all P values < 0.01). The overall mortality rates of snails were 94.51% (1 051/1 112), 79.44% (908/1 143), 96.54% (977/1 012) and 88.55% (1 021/1 153) in groups A1, A2, B1 and B2 (χ² = 207.773, P < 0.05), respectively. In addition, there was no significant difference in the overall snail mortality between groups A1 and B1 (P > 0.05), and the snail mortality in groups A1 and B1 were both statistically different from that in groups A2 and B2 (all P values < 0.05). Conclusion Both 50% wettlable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granule sprayed with drones are active against O. hupensis snails in ditches, and environmental cleaning may improve the molluscicidal effect.

Our team created the pathogenesis theory of cancer toxin in traditional Chinese medicine on the basis of inheriting the academic thought of "cancer toxins" of ZHOU Zhongying, a Chinese medical master.The pathogenesis theory of cancer toxin suggests that cancer toxins is the key factor leading to the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, the basic pathogenesis of malignant tumor is accumulation of evil and toxins, deficiency of vital qi. This paper proposes that the main pathological factors of carcinoma of prostate are deficiency, dampness, heat, stasis and toxins. The core pathogenesis was spleen and kidney deficiency, dampness-heat stasis toxin accumulation in essence chamber. The disease is located in the essence chamber, closely related to kidney and bladder, and involves liver and spleen. Clinical treatment is based on anti-cancer and detoxification, strengthening vital qi to eliminate pathogenic factor as the basic treatment principles, treatment with anti-cancer detoxification as the core, tonifying the spleen and kidney as the fundamental, clearing heat and removing dampness, removing blood stasis and dispersing is key, accompanied by dispersing liver and regulating qi, the whole syndrome differentiation, to maintain a stable period of time. Strengthening vital qi does not leave evil, eliminating evil does not harm vital qi. Guided by the pathogenesis theory of cancer toxin, this paper expounds the treatment of carcinoma of prostate based on syndrome differentiation and highlights the key role of the pathogenesis theory of cancer toxin in the treatment of this disease, providing reference for the differentiation and treatment of carcinoma of prostate.

BACKGROUND: With the aging of the population and the increased importance of lung cancer screening, the number of early-stage lung cancer patients has been on the rise in recent years, which can be classified into operable early-stage lung cancer and inoperable early-stage lung cancer. The most common pathological type is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is the optimal treatment for inoperable early-stage NSCLC. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognosis of early-stage NSCLC patients treated with SBRT and its influencing factors in order to reduce the side effects of radiotherapy and improve the survival and quality of life. METHODS: Clinical data and follow-up outcomes of early-stage NSCLC patients treated with SBRT in our hospital from August 2010 to August 2020 were collected. Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess the prognosis, and the Cox proportional risk model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis. RESULTS: A total of 165 patients were included with a median follow-up time of 43.2 (range: 4.8-132.1) mon. The local control (LC) rates at 1-yr, 2-yr and 5-yr were 98.1%, 94.8% and 86.5% respectively. Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score greater than 80 was an independent prognostic factor for LC (P=0.02). The overall survival (OS) rates at 1-yr, 2-yr and 5-yr were 97.6%, 93.0% and 68.9% respectively. A biological equivalent dose when α/β=10 (BED10) greater than 132 Gy was an independent prognostic factor for OS (P=0.04). Progression-free survival (PFS) rates at 1-yr, 2-yr and 5-yr were 93.3%, 79.5% and 55.3% respectively. The distance metastasis free survival (DMFS) rates at 1-yr, 2-yr and 5-yr were 94.5%, 83.2% and 58.4% respectively. BED10 greater than 150 Gy was an independent prognostic factor for DMFS (P=0.02). The regional control (RC) rates at 1-yr, 2-yr and 5-yr were 98.8%, 95.4% and 87.9% respectively. CONCLUSIONS SBRT is effective in treating early-stage NSCLC. KPS greater than 80 is an independent prognostic factor for LC; BED10 greater than 132 Gy is an independent prognostic factor for OS; BED10 greater than 150 Gy is an independent prognostic factor for DMFS.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Radiosurgery/methods* ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Quality of Life ; Prognosis ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the effect of MDM2 inhibitor RG-7388 on the proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of diffuse large B-lymphoma (DLBCL) cells. Methods DLBCL cell strains SUDHL2 and HBL1 were treated with 2, 4, and 8 μmol/LRG7388, respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 and EdU methods. Apoptosis was measured by Annexin V–FITC/PI double staining and Caspase 3/7-Glo enzyme activity methods. Cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry. Changes in the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins were determined by Western blot. Results The IC₅₀ of RG7388 for inhibiting SUDHL2 and HBL1 cells were 3.36 and 3.76 μmol/L, respectively, and the inhibitory effect of RG7388 was dose dependent. The proportions of G₁ phase and apoptotic cells in the SUDHL2 and HBL1 cells treated with different doses of RG7388 were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The activity of Caspase 3/7 increased gradually with RG7388 concentration, compared with that in the control group. The expression levels of p53, p27, p21, and PARP increased, whereas the expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-x_L was down-regulated (all P<0.05). Conclusion MDM2 inhibitor RG-7388 inhibits the proliferation of DLBCL cells, triggers cell cycle arrest in the G₁ phase, and induces apoptosis through the p53 pathway.

Background Lead and manganese are heavy metal pollutants widely existing in the environment, which can accumulate in the human body through the food chain, exert neurotoxicity, and cause neurodegenerative disorders. Especially in early childhood, the developing blood-brain barrier and nervous system are highly susceptible to environmental chemical pollutants. Most of the previous studies focused on the toxic effects of single heavy metal such as lead or manganese, while the studies on combined toxic effect are still scarce, and involved mechanisms are still unclear. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is involved in neuronal development and regeneration, and some studies have found that JNK is involved in lead or manganese induced neurotoxicity. Its role in the toxicity of combined lead and manganese is unknown. Objective To understand the neurodevelopmental toxicity mechanism and to observe changes of JNK expression in zebrafish induced by combined lead and manganese exposure at environmentlly low concentrations. Methods Zebrafish embryos within 2 h post fertilization (hpf) were divided into four groups: control group, lead exposure group (0.1 mg·L⁻¹ lead acetate), manganese exposure group (0.3 mg·L⁻¹ manganous chloride), and lead-manganese combined exposure group (0.1 mg·L⁻¹ lead acetate +0.3 mg·L⁻¹ manganous chloride) and exposed to lead or/and manganese at designed levels for 7 d. Spontaneous movements and motor locomotion were observed, and mortality rate were calculated. The changes of JNK mRNA expression in zebrafish were evaluated. Results The experimental results showed that no significant effect of lead or/and manganese on spontaneous movements and mortality rate was found in zebrafish compared with the control group (P＞0.05). The results of locomotion analysis showed that compared with the control group, the activity counts and activity distance of zebrafish in the manganese exposure group were slightly increased (P＜0.01); the activity counts and activity distance of zebrafish in the lead exposure group were reduced by 50% and those in the lead-manganese exposure group were reduced by 80% (P＜0.01). Compared with the lead exposure group, the activity counts and activity distance of zebrafish in the lead-manganese combined exposure group decreased significantly by 60% (P＜0.05). The real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the JNK mRNA expression level was significantly increased in the lead-manganese combined exposure group compared with the control group(P＜0.01). Conclusion Lead exposure combined with manganese exposure at environmentlly low concentration can induce neurodevelopmental toxicity to zebrafish. JNK may be involved in neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by the combined exposure to lead and manganese.

Objective: The study aims to explore the associations of family functioning with sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school students, to provide scientific reference for preventing depression in primary and middle school students. Methods: A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 124 357 primary and secondary school students in Baoan District, Shenzhen. A self administered general information questionnaire, the Youth Self Rating Insomnia Scale, and the Patient Heath Questionnaire-9 were used to assess the students demographic characteristics, family functioning, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms. Results: About 34.6% of students reported moderate family dysfunction, and 8.7% reported severe family dysfunction. The prevalence rates of sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms were 13.0% and 13.1% in elementary and secondary school students, respectively. The prevalence rates of sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms were statistically significantly higher in girls(14.6%, 16.8%) than boys(11.6%, 9.9%) ( χ 2=255.25, 1 269.50, P <0.01). Depressive symptoms were positively correlated with sleep disturbance ( r =0.61) and negatively correlated with family functioning ( r =-0.31)( P <0.01). Family functioning moderated the relationship between sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms, and the positive predictive effect of sleep disturbance on depressive symptoms decreases as the level of family functioning increases. Conclusion Family functioning buffers the effects of sleep disturbance on depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school students. Attention should be paid to sleep quality among primary and secondary school students, to improve their family functioning, and thus decrease and prevent the occurrence of depression in adolescents.

BACKGROUND: T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif domains (TIGIT), an inhibitory receptor expressed on T cells, plays a dysfunctional role in antiviral infection and antitumor activity. However, it is unknown whether TIGIT expression on T cells influences the immunological effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inactivated vaccines. METHODS: Forty-five people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for more than two years and 31 healthy controls (HCs), all received a third dose of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, were enrolled in this study. The amounts, activation, proportion of cell subsets, and magnitude of the SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response of TIGIT + CD4 + and TIGIT + CD8 + T cells were investigated before the third dose but 6 months after the second vaccine dose (0W), 4 weeks (4W) and 12 weeks (12W) after the third dose. RESULTS: Compared to that in HCs, the frequency of TIGIT + CD8 + T cells in the peripheral blood of PLWH increased at 12W after the third dose of the inactivated vaccine, and the immune activation of TIGIT + CD8 + T cells also increased. A decrease in the ratio of both T naïve (T N ) and central memory (T CM ) cells among TIGIT + CD8 + T cells and an increase in the ratio of the effector memory (T EM ) subpopulation were observed at 12W in PLWH. Interestingly, particularly at 12W, a higher proportion of TIGIT + CD8 + T cells expressing CD137 and CD69 simultaneously was observed in HCs than in PLWH based on the activation-induced marker assay. Compared with 0W, SARS-CoV-2-specific TIGIT + CD8 + T-cell responses in PLWH were not enhanced at 12W but were enhanced in HCs. Additionally, at all time points, the SARS-CoV-2-specific responses of TIGIT + CD8 + T cells in PLWH were significantly weaker than those of TIGIT - CD8 + T cells. However, in HCs, the difference in the SARS-CoV-2-specific responses induced between TIGIT + CD8 + T cells and TIGIT - CD8 + T cells was insignificant at 4W and 12W, except at 0W. CONCLUSIONS TIGIT expression on CD8 + T cells may hinder the T-cell immune response to a booster dose of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, suggesting weakened resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in PLWH. Furthermore, TIGIT may be used as a potential target to increase the production of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 + T cells, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of vaccination.
Humans ; Antibodies, Viral ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; COVID-19/complications* ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology* ; HIV Infections/complications* ; Receptors, Immunologic ; SARS-CoV-2

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine can induce a potent cellular and humoral immune response to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it was unknown whether SARS-CoV-2 vaccination can induce effective natural killer (NK) cell response in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) and healthy individuals. METHODS: Forty-seven PLWH and thirty healthy controls (HCs) inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine were enrolled from Beijing Youan Hospital in this study. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on NK cell frequency, phenotype, and function in PLWH and HCs was evaluated by flow cytometry, and the response of NK cells to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Spike (SARS-2-OS) protein stimulation was also evaluated. RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 vaccine inoculation elicited activation and degranulation of NK cells in PLWH, which peaked at 2 weeks and then decreased to a minimum at 12 weeks after the third dose of vaccine. However, in vitro stimulation of the corresponding peripheral blood monocular cells from PLWH with SARS-2-OS protein did not upregulate the expression of the aforementioned markers. Additionally, the frequencies of NK cells expressing the activation markers CD25 and CD69 in PLWH were significantly lower than those in HCs at 0, 4 and 12 weeks, but the percentage of CD16 + NK cells in PLWH was significantly higher than that in HCs at 2, 4 and 12 weeks after the third dose of vaccine. Interestingly, the frequency of CD16 + NK cells was significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of CD107a + NK cells in PLWH at each time point after the third dose. Similarly, this phenomenon was also observed in HCs at 0, 2, and 4 weeks after the third dose. Finally, regardless of whether NK cells were stimulated with SARS-2-OS or not, we did not observe any differences in the expression of NK cell degranulation markers between PLWH and HCs. CONCLUSION s:SARS-CoV-2 vaccine elicited activation and degranulation of NK cells, indicating that the inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine enhances NK cell immune response.
Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use* ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Killer Cells, Natural ; HIV Infections ; Antibodies, Viral

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of standardized dust mite allergen subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) in children with allergic rhinitis (AR) during treatment.Methods:A total of 283 children with AR diagnosed with definite dust mite allergy and completed 2 to 3 years of SCIT who attended the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, from August 2019 to October 2021 were included, including 205 males and 78 females, with a mean age of 10.8 years. The total nasal symptoms score (TNSS), symptom medication score (SMS), rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) and visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after 2 to 3 years′ treatment were recorded, and the differences before and after treatment were compared. Adverse reactions during SCIT were recorded to evaluate its safety. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:The overall effectiveness rate during SCIT in 283 children with AR was 89.4% (253/283). Compared with baseline, all symptom scores, medication scores and quality of life scores were significantly lower after 2 to 3 years of SCIT (all P<0.05). Further group comparisons showed positive efficacy in patients with different clinical characteristics, including age, gender, smoking status, family history of AR, symptom severity, mono-or poly-allergy, and second immunization, with no statistically significant differences between groups (all P>0.05). A total of 12 735 injections were administered during the SCIT, and a total of 213 (1.67%) injections of local adverse reactions occurred, mainly in the initial treatment phase, and the diameter of the local air mass was mostly 5 to 20 mm; 71 (0.56%) injections of systemic adverse reactions occurred, mainly in the initial treatment phase, and most of them were grade 1 reactions with no serious systemic adverse reaction such as shock. Conclusion:Standardized dust mite SCIT has a good safety profile and definite efficacy in treating AR children with different clinical characteristics. It can significantly improve all symptoms, reduce the use of symptomatic drugs and improve their quality of life.

Purpose/Significance To explore the application of information technology to strengthen surgical management and im-prove medical service capacity.Method/Process Taking Shanghai Chest Hospital as the research object,a surgical intelligent manage-ment platform is built based on digital twinning,and the retrospective data of surgery is collected through the internet of things to realize the quality supervision of surgical process.Result/Conclusion The empirical results show that the waiting time of CT positioning and the average access time in the surgical room decreases significantly,and the accuracy rate of surgical estimated time is significantly improved,which ensures the orderly connection of surgical links,and provides references for the intelligent transformation of surgical room.