ObjectiveTo observe the effect of M1 bone marrow-derived macrophages （M1-BMDM） with Wnt5a knockdown on liver fibrosis and regeneration in a rat model of liver cirrhosis， and to investigate its gain-of-function effect compared with unmodified M1-BMDM. MethodsPrimary bone marrow-derived macrophages were isolated from rats and were polarized to M1 phenotype to construct M1-BMDM^Wnt5a-KD cells. A rat model of liver cirrhosis induced by CCl₄/2-AAF was established， and at the end of week 8， rats were randomly divided into model group， M1-BMDM group， M1-BMDM Wnt5a-knockdown empty vector group （M1-BMDM^KD-EV group）， and M1-BMDM Wnt5a-knockdown group （M1-BMDM^Wnt5a-KD group）， with 6 rats in each group. On the first day of week 9， the rats in each group were given a single injection of the corresponding cells via the caudal vein， along with an intraperitoneal injection of a CCR2 inhibitor. Six rats without any treatment were used as normal control group. Samples were collected at the end of week 12 to assess liver histopathology， serum liver function parameters， hepatic stellate cell activation， and the expression levels of mature hepatocyte markers. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the model group， all cell treatment groups had significant alleviation of liver inflammatory response and significant reductions in the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） in serum （all P<0.01）， and the M1-BMDM^Wnt5a-KD group had a significantly lower serum level of AST than the M1-BMDM group （P<0.05）. The semi-quantitative analysis based on immunohistochemical staining showed that compared with the model group， all cell treatment groups had a significant reduction in the percentage of CD68-positive area （all P<0.05）， and compared with the M1-BMDM^KD-EV group， the M1-BMDM^Wnt5a-KD group had a significant reduction in the percentage of CD68-positive area and a significant increase in the percentage of CD163-positive area （both P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， all cell treatment groups had significant reductions in the mRNA expression levels of CD68 and tumor necrosis factor-α （all P<0.05） and the protein expression level of CD68 （all P<0.01）； compared with the M1-BMDM^KD-EV group， the M1-BMDM^Wnt5a-KD group had significant increases in the protein and mRNA expression levels of CD163 （both P<0.05）， significant reductions in the protein and mRNA expression levels of CD68 （both P<0.05）， and a significant reduction in the protein expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α （P<0.01）. Sirius Red collagen staining and alpha-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） immunohistochemical staining showed that compared with the model group， all cell treatment groups had significant alleviation of liver collagen deposition and α-SMA-positive area， with the most significant changes in the M1-BMDM^Wnt5a-KD group， and compared with the M1-BMDM^KD-EV group， the M1-BMDM^Wnt5a-KD group had significantly smaller Sirius Red-positive area and α-SMA-positive area and a significantly lower content of hydroxyproline in liver tissue （all P<0.05）. Compared with the M1-BMDM^KD-EV group， the M1-BMDM^Wnt5a-KD group had significant reductions in the protein and mRNA expression levels of α-SMA and the mRNA expression level of COL-I and TGF-β （all P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， all cell treatment groups had a significant increase in the protein expression level of HNF-4α in liver tissue （all P<0.05）， and the M1-BMDM^Wnt5a-KD group had significantly higher protein and mRNA expression levels of HNF-4α and hepatocyte specific antigen than the M1-BMDM^KD-EV group （both P<0.05）. The M1-BMDM^Wnt5a-KD group had a significantly higher serum level of albumin than the M1-BMDM^KD-EV group （P<0.01）. Immunofluorescence co-staining showed that compared with the model group， all cell treatment groups had a significant increase in the number of cells stained positive for HNF and HNF-4α and Ki67 （all P<0.01）， and the M1-BMDM^Wnt5a-KD group had a significantly higher number of such cells than the M1-BMDM^KD-EV group （P<0.05）. ConclusionInhibition of Wnt5a expression enhances the therapeutic effect of M1-BMDM on rats with liver cirrhosis induced by CCl₄/2-AAF， which provides new ideas for enhancing the anti-cirrhotic effect of M1-BMDM through genetic modification.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Zuogui Wan （ZGW） in improving ovarian inflammatory microenvironment and stemness of ovarian germline stem cells （OSCs） for treating ovarian aging via the cyclic guanosine monophosphate/adenosine monophosphate synthase （cGAS）/stimulator of interferon genes （STING） signaling pathway. MethodsForty C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a low-dose ZGW group （2.7 g·kg^-1）， a high-dose ZGW group （5.4 g·kg^-1）， and an estradiol valerate group （0.15 mg·kg^-1）， with 8 mice in each group. Except the blank group， all other groups received a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide at 120 mg·kg^-1 to establish an ovarian aging mouse model. After successful modeling， each group was continuously administered for 4 weeks， once daily. The physiological status of the mice was observed， and the ovarian index was calculated. The estrus cycle of the mice was monitored. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe pathological changes in ovarian tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect serum sex hormone levels. Serum inflammatory factors interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and mouse interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels were detected using kits. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of ovarian cGAS， STING， p-STING， TANK-binding kinase 1 （TBK1）， p-TBK1， interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 （Fragilis）， and Vasa homolog protein （MVH）. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in ovarian tissue. Immunofluorescence double labeling was performed to locate OSCs in ovarian tissues， and fluorescence intensities of OSCs markers MVH and octamer binding transcription factor 4 （Oct4） were calculated. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed reduced body weight， ovarian wet weight， and ovarian index （P<0.01） and a disordered estrus cycle （P<0.01）. In addition， the levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β were increased （P<0.01）， while anti-Müllerian hormone （AMH） and estradiol （E₂） levels were decreased （P<0.01）. The protein expression of cGAS， p-STING/STING， and p-TBK1/TBK1 in ovarian tissue was increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while that of OSCs stemness factors MVH and Fragilis was reduced （P<0.01）. Immunofluorescence indicated a reduction in MVH and Oct4 expression in OSCs （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β in ovarian tissue was increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the treatment groups exhibited improved body weight， ovarian wet weight， and ovarian index （P<0.05） and a reduced rate of estrus cycle disorder （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The levels of serum FSH， TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while AMH and E₂ levels were increased （P<0.01）. The protein expression levels of cGAS， p-STING/STING， and p-TBK1/TBK1 in ovarian tissue were decreased （P<0.05）， while the protein expression of MVH and Fragilis was increased （P<0.05）， and the fluorescence intensities of MVH and Oct4 were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in ovarian tissue was decreased （P<0.05）. ConclusionZGW alleviate ovarian inflammatory response， regulate ovarian microenvironment homeostasis， and maintain stemness of OSCs in ovarian aging mice probably by modulating the cGAS-STING signaling pathway， thereby improving ovarian function and delaying ovarian aging.

High-quality scientific research papers need the support of correct and rigorous statistical methods. However, many papers in transfusion medicine research have problems with the improper use of statistical methods. This paper starts from the transfusion medicine related papers published in China in recent years, summarizes and analyzes common problems in the use of statistics from the aspects of research data type description, statistical method selection, statistical result interpretation and statistical content writing, and discusses possible solutions to provide certain references for the writing of research papers in transfusion medicine.

Objective To investigate the types and incidence of bifid mandibular canal using cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)technology so as to enhance our understanding of these anatomical features and help reduce complications caused by trauma to the neurovascular bundle within them.Methods CBCT data of 803 patients from College of Stomatology,Xi'an Jiaotong University,were collected,and the types and incidence of bifid mandibular canal were statistically analyzed according to the Naitoh classification method.Results The incidence of bifid mandibular canal was 54.05％,with the occurrence rates for the retromolar canal and forward canal being 26.40％ and 32.75％,respectively.Conclusion To ensure the safety of treatments,it is recommended that oral clinical practitioners use CBCT to obtain three-dimensional images for precise assessment of bifid mandibular canal,thereby avoiding potential complications during the perioperative period.

To explore the correlation between the level of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the severity of infection in patients with diabetic foot (DF) and the auxiliary value of IL-6 in DF diagnosis, and aim to provide reference for clinical treatment. Based on the hospital medical record system and the laboratory system, a retrospective analysis with case-control study was conducted on the data of patients in Liyuan Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2020 to September 2024. A total of 377 patients′ information was collected, including 31 cases in control group with 17 males and 14 females from 31 to 91 years old and a median age of 71, 63 cases in NDF group with 43 males and 20 females from 37 to 96 years old, with a median age of 71, and 283 patients in DF group with 197 males and 86 females from 36 to 96 years, with a median age of 67. According to classification of infection severity, paints in the group of diabetes with DF were divided into mild infection subgroup (72 cases), moderate infection subgroup (143 cases) and severe infection subgroup (68 cases). The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in age and gender among the three groups in the study ( F=1.795/ χ 2=2.81, P>0.05). The non parametric test results showed that there were statistically significant differences in IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), white blood cell (WBC) and glucose (GLU) among the three groups of patients ( H=12.480, 36.277, 12.432, 12.838, 18.334, P<0.05). The pairwise comparison results showed that compared with the control group, the NDF group had higher levels of CRP, PCT and GLU ( H=20.259, 20.118, 20.056, P<0.05), and the levels of IL-6, CRP, PCT and WBC( H=14.934,14.933,14.829,14.934, P<0.05) were higher in the DF group. Both of the differences were statistically significant. But the difference of IL-6, CRP, PCT, WBC and GLU between the NDF and DF group was not statistically significant( H=1.202,0.622,0.737,1.036,1.899, P>0.05). In DF group, there were statistically significant differences in IL-6, CRP, PCT, WBC, and GLU levels among patients in the three infection subgroups ( H=11.174, 15.136, 8.657, 8.348, 3.698, P<0.05).Compared to the mild subgroup, the levels of IL-6, CRP, PCT, WBC and GLU were higher in the severe subgroup were higher( H=111.789,237.066,74.683,83.203,15.328, P<0.05) and the levels of IL-6, CRP, PCT in the moderate subgroup were higher ( H=6.877, 8.846, 5.183, P<0.05). And both of the differences were statistically significant. But there was no statistically significant difference in WBC and GLU level between the mild and the moderate subgroup( H=1.684, 1.039, P>0.05). The severity of infection in diabetic foot patients was positively correlated with the IL-6 level ( OR=1.033, 95% CI: 0.024-0.043, P<0.05). ROC curve showed that AUC of IL-6 for diagnosis in diabetic foots were 0.635. And joint testing showed that the AUC of IL-6+CRP, IL-6+PCT and IL-6+WBC were 0.718, 0.621, and 0.638 respectively. In conclusion,the level of serum IL-6 may be positively correlated with the severity of infection in diabetic foot patients, which may have auxiliary diagnostic value in predicting diabetic foot infection. And it may provide a reference for the grading of infection severity in diabetic foot patients to gauging serum IL-6 level.

In recent years, the continuous rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases has posed a significant threat to public health in China. With advancements in molecular biology technologies, allergen component resolved diagnosis (CRD) has gradually become an essential tool for precise diagnosis and personalized treatment. The Allergy Prevention and Control Specialty Committee of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, in collaboration with multidisciplinary experts, has developed the Expert Consensus on Allergen Component Resolved Diagnosis in China. This article provides an in-depth interpretation of the expert consensus, aiming to assist clinicians and researchers in better understanding and utilizing CRD in the diagnosis and management of allergic diseases. It seeks to promote the standardized application and technological advancement of CRD in China, thereby enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases.

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of various brachial plexus block techniques using local anesthesia(LA)in patients undergoing their first radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula(RCAVF)surgery.Methods Patients were randomly allocated into three groups:LA,interscalene brachial plexus block(ISBPB),and axillary brachial plexus block(ABPB).Ultrasound was utilized to evaluate the pre-and post-anesthesia changes in vessel diameter and blood flow.Postoperative follow-up assessments were performed at three days and three months to determine fistula patency.Results Immediate patency rates were 92.52％(LA),96.26％(ISBPB),and 95.33％(ABPB),with no statistically significant differences among the groups(χ2=1.615,P=0.446).However,at three months,primary patency rates differed significantly among the groups(χ2=22.691,P<0.001).Specifically,the ISBPB group(83.18％)exhibited significantly higher patency compared to the LA group(57.01％)(χ2=17.477,P<0.001).Similarly,the ABPB group(80.37％)demonstrated better patency than the LA group(χ2=13.580,P<0.001).Regarding respiratory complications,they were more prevalent in the ISBPB group(15.89％)compared to the LA group(2.80％)(χ2=9.761,P=0.002)and the ABPB group(0.93％)(χ2=14.377,P<0.001).No significant difference was observed between the LA and ABPB groups in terms of respiratory complications(χ2=1.019,P=0.313).Conclusions Both ISBPB and ABPB demonstrated superior primary patency compared to LA.Nevertheless,ABPB exerted a lesser impact on respiratory function and provided a more comfortable surgical experience for ESRD patients.

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of various brachial plexus block techniques using local anesthesia(LA)in patients undergoing their first radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula(RCAVF)surgery.Methods Patients were randomly allocated into three groups:LA,interscalene brachial plexus block(ISBPB),and axillary brachial plexus block(ABPB).Ultrasound was utilized to evaluate the pre-and post-anesthesia changes in vessel diameter and blood flow.Postoperative follow-up assessments were performed at three days and three months to determine fistula patency.Results Immediate patency rates were 92.52％(LA),96.26％(ISBPB),and 95.33％(ABPB),with no statistically significant differences among the groups(χ2=1.615,P=0.446).However,at three months,primary patency rates differed significantly among the groups(χ2=22.691,P<0.001).Specifically,the ISBPB group(83.18％)exhibited significantly higher patency compared to the LA group(57.01％)(χ2=17.477,P<0.001).Similarly,the ABPB group(80.37％)demonstrated better patency than the LA group(χ2=13.580,P<0.001).Regarding respiratory complications,they were more prevalent in the ISBPB group(15.89％)compared to the LA group(2.80％)(χ2=9.761,P=0.002)and the ABPB group(0.93％)(χ2=14.377,P<0.001).No significant difference was observed between the LA and ABPB groups in terms of respiratory complications(χ2=1.019,P=0.313).Conclusions Both ISBPB and ABPB demonstrated superior primary patency compared to LA.Nevertheless,ABPB exerted a lesser impact on respiratory function and provided a more comfortable surgical experience for ESRD patients.

OBJECTIVE To explore the protective mechanism of safflower on mouse hearts preserved at low temperatures,sum-marize and analyze the potential targets of safflower,and provide reference for the improvement of ex vivo myocardial injury by tradition-al Chinese medicine safflower.METHODS Databases such as TCMSP,TCMID,and Swiss Target Prediction were used to search for the chemical composition and target of safflower.Databases such as OMIM,TTD,and Genecards were employed to screen disease tar-gets for ischemic cardiomyopathy.A network diagram of"drug-ingredient-target-disease"was construct using Cytoscape,and the mechanism of the action of safflower was enriched and analyzed.A mouse ex vivo heart cold preservation model was constructed and the predicted targets of network pharmacology were validated using techniques such as ELISA detection,qPCR,Western blot,etc.RE-SULTS A total of 22 active ingredients and 421 drug targets were obtained from safflower;1 812 disease targets were identified in is-chemic cardiomyopathy,resulting in 117 drug-disease common targets.GO enrichment analysis yielded 1 906 entries,and KEGG pathway enrichment screening identified a total of 137 signaling pathways,including the Akt signaling pathway.Experimental verifica-tion showed that safflower might alleviate the damage to mouse hearts during low-temperature storage by regulating the PI3K-Akt path-way to regulate cell apoptosis.CONCLUSION This article uses network pharmacology to reveal the protective targets and pathways of safflower on the heart of mice subjected to low-temperature cold storage,and conducts relevant experimental verification.This pro-vides a basis for further exploring the mechanism of safflower in reducing myocardial injury in low-temperature cold stored hearts,and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application and pharmacological research of safflower.

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)-related neovascular glaucoma(NVG)is a severe ocular complication of diabe-tes,characterized by a high blindness rate and complex diagnosis and treatment.Currently,there is a lack of systematic,whole-process management guidelines for DR-NVG in China.To standardize the clinical diagnosis,treatment,and health management of DR-NVG,domestic retinal disease and glaucoma experts have developed the first expert consensus on the whole-process management of neovascular glaucoma associated with diabetic retinopathy,by integrating the latest evi-dence-based medical evidence and clinical practice experience from both domestic and intemational sources.Centering on the disease characteristics of DR-NVG,this consensus proposes scientific and standardized whole-process management strategies,encompassing early screening and risk assessment,precise diagnosis and staging,multi-mode combination ther-apy,perioperative management,and long-term follow-up.It mainly covers the screening and diagnosis of high-risk popula-tions,the timing of anti-VEGF therapy and pan-retinal photocoagulation application,and indications for surgical interven-tion.The aim is to provide standardized guidance for ophthalmologists and public health workers,improve the prevention and treatment level of DR-NVG,and reduce the incidence of irreversible visual impairment.