High-quality scientific research papers need the support of correct and rigorous statistical methods. However, many papers in transfusion medicine research have problems with the improper use of statistical methods. This paper starts from the transfusion medicine related papers published in China in recent years, summarizes and analyzes common problems in the use of statistics from the aspects of research data type description, statistical method selection, statistical result interpretation and statistical content writing, and discusses possible solutions to provide certain references for the writing of research papers in transfusion medicine.

Malignant tumors are one of the major diseases that endanger human life and health. Chinese medicine has unique advantages in clinical anti-tumor treatment. However， how to translate the anti-tumor effects of Chinese medicine into clinical practice is the core issue that must be addressed in the process of treating malignant tumors with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Unlike modern chemical drugs， the compatibility application of Chinese medicine is the key factor that determines whether Chinese medicine can achieve optimal anti-tumor efficacy and realize the goal of "enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity". The formulation structure based on this compatibility is the basic form for the safe， efficient， and rational clinical use of anti-tumor Chinese medicine， and it mainly includes three categories： herb pairs， tri-herbal combinations， and compound compatibility. Although herb pairs have the characteristics of a simple structure and strong targeting （enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity）， they often have a single effect and cannot fully address the complex pathogenesis of tumors. As a result， herb pairs are rarely used alone in practice. Compared to herb pairs， tri-herbal combinations broaden the application scope of herbs in clinical treatment， but their therapeutic range remains limited. The traditional "sovereign， minister， assistant， and guide" compound prescription， which includes herb pairs and tri-herbal combinations， improves the efficacy of herbs in treating serious diseases， hypochondriasis， chronic diseases， and miscellaneous disorders. However， due to the limitations of its historical background， it has not been integrated with modern clinical practice and modern pharmacological research， which restricts the development of compound compatibility theory. With the emergence of modern medical technology， it has been combined with traditional compatibility theory of Chinese medicine to create an innovative modern compatibility theory. This includes the "aid medicine" theory derived from modern Chinese medicine pharmacology， which compensates for the inability of the "sovereign， minister， assistant， and guide" theory to accurately apply medicine. Additionally， the "state-targeted treatment based on syndrome differentiation" theory， developed from pharmacology and modern medicine， addresses the deficiency in disease cognition in the "sovereign， minister， assistant， and guide" theory. Under the guidance of these compatibility forms and theories， clinical anti-tumor Chinese medicine can exert its maximum anti-tumor efficacy， which is of great significance for the application of Chinese medicine in clinical tumor treatment.

[Objective] To analyze the distribution of Rh blood group phenotype in some ethnic groups in China, so as to provide references for accurate blood transfusion. [Methods] The data of CNKI, Wanfang data and VIP were retrieved using "Rh blood group" and "nationality", and the search of PubMed database was conducted with the keywords "Rh blood group", "nationalities", "ethnic groups" and "China", with retrieval time until September 19, 2024 Data were extracted from eligible studies and the literature quality was evaluated using the criteria for cross-sectional studies in STROBE statement. Meta analysis was performed using Stata 11.0 software. [Results] A total of 350 relevant literature were retrieved, of which 26 were included. The total sample size for Rh phenotype distribution detection were 31 432, and the total population for RhD negative screening was 47 227, covering 26 ethnic groups. Meta-analysis revealed that the Rh blood groups phenotype distribution in certain ethnic populations in China was mainly CCDee 46.7% (95%CI=46.2%-47.2%), CcDEe 30.1% (95%CI=29.5%-30.6%), and CcDee 9.0% (95%CI=8.7%-9.3%). Analysis of the RhD-negative phenotype indicated an negative rate of RhD of 0.3% (95%CI=0.2%-0.3%), with the main phenotype distributions of ccdee at 0.2% (95%CI=0.1%-0.2%) and ccdEe at 0.2% (95%CI=0.0%-0.4%). The meta-analysis results of the distribution of common phenotypes among different ethnic groups showed that the CCDee phenotype was mainly distributed as Hani>Dong>Buyi>Miao>Tujia>Hui>Zang>Kazakh>Mongol>Uygur; the CcDEe phenotype: Zang>Mongol>Hui; the CcDee phenotype: Uygur>Kazakh>Mongol>Zang>Hui>Dong>Miao>Tujia>Buyi; the ccDEE phenotype: Zang>Hui=Mongol. The results of this study are similar to those of Qingdao population in China, but differ from studies conducted in North India, German individuals of European ancestry and Saudi Arabian populations. [Conclusion] The distribution of Rh blood group phenotypes in some ethnic groups in China shows no significant difference compared to the Han population, but there are differences when compared to populations in other countries and regions.

OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the anti-aging effect of β-sitosterol (BS), an important component in the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq., in C. elegans and its regulatory effect on ETS-5 gene to modulate ferroptosis. METHODS: C. elegans treated with 10 µg/mL BS were monitored for survival time and changes in body length, motility, and reproductive function. The effect of ETS-5 gene knockdown on survival time of C. elegans was observed, and the changes in fat accumulation and lipid redox homeostasis in the transfected C. elegans were assessed using Oil Red O staining and by detecting MDA levels and the GSH/GSSG ratio. The mRNA expression levels of ferroptosis-related genes (FTN-1, GPX-1 and AAT-9) were detected using qPCR. The effects of BS treatment and ETS-5 knockdown on AAT-9 enzyme activity in C. elegans were examined. The effect of BS on nuclear localization of FEV (the human homolog of ETS-5) was validated in cultured human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS: Both BS treatment and ETS-5 knockdown significantly prolonged the lifespan, promoted lipid accumulation and reduced lipid peroxidation in C. elegans. ETS-5 knockdown resulted in upregulated expressions of the ferroptosis repressors GPX-1, AAT-9 and FTN-1 and increased the GSH/GSSG ratio in C. elegans. CONCLUSIONS BS inhibits ferroptosis in C. elegans by suppressing the expression of ETS-5 transcription factor and hence the activity of AAT-9 enzyme, a key gene for ferroptosis, which in turn prolongs the lifespan of C. elegans.
Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/physiology* ; Ferroptosis/drug effects* ; Alpinia/chemistry* ; Sitosterols/pharmacology* ; Longevity/drug effects* ; Fruit/chemistry* ; Humans

Objective To investigate an automated pretreatment technology for detecting levels of free silica in workplace dust. Methods An fully automated pretreatment workstation for detecting free silica levels in workplace dust was developed by integrating graphite-controlled digestion temperature, online-controlled dilution of digestion solutions, and filtration endpoint recognition based on monitoring technology, combined with multi-channel synchronous measurements. Results The fully automatic pretreatment workstation was used to digest and filter 14 standard samples of free silica produced by three institutions, and then detected by pyrophosphate method. The result range of high-, medium-, and low-level free silica standard samples detection was 66.5%-84.8%, 40.0%-44.5%, and 2.1%-24.8%, respectively. The mean relative standard deviations were 3.9%, 1.4% and 1.5%. Conclusion The fully automated pretreatment workstation produced results that met relevant requirements. It can effectively replace the manual digestion and filtration steps of the pyrophosphate method to measure free silica levels in workplace dust and enable rapid detection of free silica in dust samples.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir alone or in combination with ribavirin in Chinese patients with genotype 3B HCV/HIV infection. MethodsA total of 299 patients with genotype 3B HCV/HIV infection who attended The Third People’s Hospital of Kunming from January 2017 to December 2020 were enrolled and treated with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir alone or in combination with ribavirin for 12 weeks， and they were followed up for 12 weeks after drug withdrawal. The patients were evaluated in terms of sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment （SVR12） and adverse reactions. The independent-samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups， and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups； the Agresti-Coull method was used to evaluate the 95% confidence interval （CI） of SVR12； univariate and multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the influencing factors for SVR. ResultsThe 299 patients with genotype 3B HCV/HIV infection had a mean age of 43.92±6.84 years， among whom the male patients accounted for 77.3% （231/299）， the patients with liver cirrhosis accounted for 36.5% （109/299）， the patients with a history of antiviral therapy accounted for 13.4% （40/299）， and the patients receiving sofosbuvir/velpatasvir combined with ribavirin accounted for 27.8% （83/299）. The overall SVR was 87.0% （260/299） for all patients， and there was no significant difference in SVR12 between the patients receiving sofosbuvir/velpatasvir alone and those receiving sofosbuvir/velpatasvir combined with ribavirin （87.5% vs 85.5%， χ²=0.203， P=0.653）. There was a significant difference in SVR12 between the patients without liver cirrhosis and those with liver cirrhosis （90.0% vs 81.7%， χ²=4.256， P=0.039）， and the patients receiving antiviral therapy for the first time had a significantly higher SVR12 than the treatment-experienced patients （93.4% vs 45.0%， χ²=71.670， P<0.001）. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that platelet count （odds ratio ［OR］=0.957， 95%CI： 0.931 — 0.984， P=0.002）， liver stiffness measurement （OR=1.446， 95%CI： 1.147 — 1.822， P=0.002）， and experience in treatment （OR=13.807， 95%CI： 2.970 — 64.174， P=0.001） were independent influencing factors for SVR in patients with genotype 3B HCV/HIV infection. There were 41 cases of serious adverse events， all of which occurred within 2 weeks after antiviral therapy， and 28 cases were resolved without drug withdrawal or active treatment， while 13 cases were not resolved after active treatment and were resolved after the antiviral drugs were stopped for 2‍ ‍—‍ ‍5 days， with no similar reactions observed when the drugs were used again after remission. ConclusionSofosbuvir/velpatasvir alone or in combination with ribavirin has relatively good efficacy and safety in patients with genotype 3B HCV/HIV infection.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） co-cultured with bone marrow-derived M2 macrophages （M2-BMDMs）， named as BMSC^M2， on a rat model of liver cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride （CCl₄）/2-acetaminofluorene （2-AAF）. MethodsRat BMDMs were isolated and polarized into M2 phenotype， and rat BMSCs were isolated and co-cultured with M2-BMDMs at the third generation to obtain BMSC^M2. The rats were given subcutaneous injection of CCl₄ for 6 weeks to establish a model of liver cirrhosis， and then they were randomly divided into model group （M group）， BMSC group， and BMSC^M2 group， with 6 rats in each group. A normal group （N group） with 6 rats was also established. Since week 7， the model rats were given 2-AAF by gavage in addition to the subcutaneous injection of CCl₄. Samples were collected at the end of week 10 to observe liver function， liver histopathology， and hydroxyproline （Hyp） content in liver tissue， as well as changes in the markers for hepatic stellate cells， hepatic progenitor cells， cholangiocytes， and hepatocytes. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the N group， the M group had significant increases in the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） （P<0.01）； compared with the M group， the BMSC and BMSC^M2 groups had significant reductions in ALT and AST （P<0.01）， and the BMSC^M2 group had significantly better activities than the BMSC group （P<0.05）. Compared with the N group， the M group had significant increases in Hyp content and the mRNA and protein expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） in the liver （P<0.01）； compared with the M group， the BMSC and BMSC^M2 groups had significant reductions in Hyp content and the expression of α-SMA （P<0.05）， and the BMSC^M2 group had a significantly lower level of α-SMA than the BMSC group （P<0.01）. Compared with the N group， the M group had significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of the hepatic progenitor cell markers EpCam and Sox9 and the cholangiocyte markers CK7 and CK19 （P<0.01） and significant reductions in the expression levels of the hepatocyte markers HNF-4α and Alb （P<0.01）； compared with the M group， the BMSC and BMSC^M2 groups had significant reductions in the mRNA expression levels of EpCam， Sox9， CK7， and CK19 （P<0.05） and significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of HNF-4α and Alb （P<0.05）， and compared with the BMSC group， the BMSC^M2 group had significant reductions in the mRNA expression levels of EpCam and CK19 （P<0.05） and significant increase in the expression level of HNF-4α （P<0.05）. ConclusionM2-BMDMs can enhance the therapeutic effect of BMSCs on CCl₄/2-AAF-induced liver cirrhosis in rats， which provides new ideas for further improving the therapeutic effect of BMSCs on liver cirrhosis.

Objective : The unintentional retention of needles in patients can lead to severe consequences. To enhance acupuncture safety, the study aimed to develop a deep learning-based cloud system for automated process of counting acupuncture needles. Methods: This project adopted transfer learning from a pre-trained Oriented Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Oriented R-CNN) model to develop a detection algorithm that can automatically count the number of acupuncture needles in a camera picture. A training set with 590 pictures and a validation set with 1 025 pictures were accumulated for finetuning. Then, we deployed the MMRotate toolbox in a Google Colab environment with a NVIDIA Tesla T4 Graphics processing unit (GPU) to carry out the training task. Furthermore, we integrated the model with a newly-developed Telegram bot interface to determine the accuracy, precision, and recall of the needling counting system. The end-to-end inference timewas also recorded to determine the speed of our cloud service system. Result: In a 20-needle scenario, our Oriented R-CNN detection model has achieved an accuracy of 96.49%, precision of 99.98%, and recall of 99.84%, with an average end-to-end inference time of 1.535 s. Conclusion The speed, accuracy, and reliability advancements of this cloud service system innovation have demonstrated its potential of using object detection technique to improve acupuncture practice based on deep learning.

ObjectiveTo investigate the infestation and disposal of bedbugs in Shanghai， and provide scientific evidence for comprehensive prevention and control of bedbugs. MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted in the pest control operations （PCOs） of Shanghai Association for Health Promotion to investigate the infestation and disposal of bedbugs. The questionnaire included basic information of the unit， bedbug disposal experience， type of environment of bedbug infestation， main disposal site， main treatment method， main drug and formulation， and evaluation of the disposal. Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. ResultsOf the 116 PCOs， 78 （67.24%） had conducted bedbug disposal， and 29.49% had conducted the disposal no less than 5 times in the past three years. The main types of environment of bedbug infestation were dormitories （46.96%）， hotels （18.78%）， and households （20.44%）. Additionally， bedbug infestation was found in nursing homes， prisons and detention centers， and transport vehicles. Bed frame/bed board/mattress （32.42%） was the main site of bedbug infestation， followed by mat （19.63%）. Chemical spraying was the most common method for bedbug disposal （98.72%）， followed by high-temperature steam （11.54%）. The main drug used in chemical spraying were pyrethroids （69.23%）， nicotinoids （60.26%） and organophosphorus （42.31%）， for which the main formulation were suspended insecticides （55.13%）， followed by wettable powders （43.59%） and emulsifiers （43.59%）. Furthermore， 89.74% of the PCOs performed the assessment after disposal， in which the control effect was generally satisfactory. ConclusionBedbug infestation is relatively common in Shanghai. Dormitories， hotels and households are places where bedbug infestation is more likely to occur. Bed frame， bed board and mattress are the most vulnerable sites to bedbug infestation. Combination of physical and chemical methods should be used for disposal of bedbug infestation.

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of spraying different formulations of niclosamide ethanolamine salt with drones against Oncomelania hupensis in ditches. Methods A semi-dry and semi-wet ditch with O. hupensis snails was selected in the second branch field of Jiangbei Farm, Jiangling County, Hubei Province in May 2023, and divided into 4 experimental areas, named groups A1, A2, B1 and B2. Environmental cleaning was performed in groups A1 and B2, and was not conducted in groups A2 or B2. Then, 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt was sprayed with drones at an effective dose of 2 g/m² in groups A1 and A2, and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granule was sprayed with drones at an effective dose of 2 g/m² in groups B1 and B2. O. hupensis snails were surveyed using the systematic sampling method 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days after spraying, and the natural mortality and corrected mortality of O. hupensis snails were calculated. Results The occurrence of frames with living snails, mean density of living snails and natural mortality of snails were 97.50% (117/120), 6.30 snails/0.1 m² and 1.18% (9/765) in the test ditch before spraying, respectively. There were significant differences in the mortality of snails among four groups 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after spraying niclosamide formulations with drones (χ² = 17.230, 51.707, 65.184, 204.050 and 34.435, all P values < 0.01). The overall mortality rates of snails were 94.51% (1 051/1 112), 79.44% (908/1 143), 96.54% (977/1 012) and 88.55% (1 021/1 153) in groups A1, A2, B1 and B2 (χ² = 207.773, P < 0.05), respectively. In addition, there was no significant difference in the overall snail mortality between groups A1 and B1 (P > 0.05), and the snail mortality in groups A1 and B1 were both statistically different from that in groups A2 and B2 (all P values < 0.05). Conclusion Both 50% wettlable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granule sprayed with drones are active against O. hupensis snails in ditches, and environmental cleaning may improve the molluscicidal effect.