Inflammatory bowel disease（IBD）is a type of disease characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation，mainly including Crohn's disease，ulcerative colitis，and undifferentiated IBD. Its pathogenesis is very complex and involves multiple factors. In recent years，studies have shown that heat shock proteins（HSPs）and cell apoptosis play important roles in the occurrence and progression of IBD. HSPs not only participate in cellular stress response，but also play a crucial role in regulating cell apoptosis. The specific mechanism of the interaction between HSPs and apoptosis in IBD is currently unclear. This article reviews the relationship and mechanism between HSPs and apoptosis in the occurrence and development of IBD，explores the roles of HSPs and apoptosis in IBD，and proposes potential treatment strategies to provide more effective treatment options for IBD patients in the future.