Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of Sanzi Sijun Formula(SSF)in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)through network pharmacology,molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation;To carry out experimental validation in vivo and in vitro.Methods The active components and target genes of SSF were screened using TCMSP,TCMIP and TCMIO databases.NAFLD-related targets were screened using the GeneCards database,and the intersection targets were obtained to construct a protein-protein interaction network and screen for core targets.The intersection targets were imported into the DAVID database for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis.Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina software between the key active components of SSF and core targets,and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted using Gromacs 2022 for 100 ns.C57BL/6J mice NAFLD model was established by diet induction.SSF was administered by gavage for 8 weeks.Liver histopathological changes and the levels of non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA)were detected.In vitro NAFLD model was established by inducing AML12 cells with palmitic acid(PA)for 24 hours.SSF-containing serum was added to incubate simultaneously.The lipid accumulation and cell viability were detected.The core targets of SSF intervention in the in vitro and in vivo NAFLD models were verified by RT-qPCR and Western blot.Results Network pharmacological analysis identified 75 active components in SSF and revealed 179 shared targets between these components and NAFLD.Ten main active components including arachidonate,12-senecioyl-2E,8E,10E-atractylodin,cerebrosterol,glycyrrhizol B and sinapic acid,etc.as well as 8 core targets were identified.GO enrichment analysis of targets mainly involved protein phosphorylation,inflammatory response,and apoptosis,while the KEGG enrichment analysis mainly included AGE-RAGE,TNF,AMPK,PPAR and NF-κB signaling pathways.Molecular docking demonstrated that the major active components of SSF exhibited favorable binding affinity and stability with the core targets.Molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the stability of the complex of glyasperin B with AKT1,SIRT1,STAT3,PPARG,and TNF.SSF alleviated the pathological damage of liver tissues in mice NAFLD model,reduced NAS score and NEFA levels in liver tissues(P<0.05).Additionally,SSF reversed lipid accumulation and decreased cell viability of PA-induced AML12 cells(P<0.01).Further in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that SSF significantly reversed the elevated mRNA levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β and PPARγ and protein expression of STAT3(P<0.05,P<0.01)in NAFLD models,up-regulated the protein levels of SIRT1 and p-Akt/Akt(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion SSF can improve NAFLD of both in vitro and in vivo models.The regulation of multiple targets,such as AKT,SIRT1,STAT3 and PPARG,by its multiple active components,and adjustment of multiple approaches,such as lipid metabolism disorder,inflammatory responses,are involved in the potential underlying mechanisms.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of Sanzi Sijun Formula(SSF)in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)through network pharmacology,molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation;To carry out experimental validation in vivo and in vitro.Methods The active components and target genes of SSF were screened using TCMSP,TCMIP and TCMIO databases.NAFLD-related targets were screened using the GeneCards database,and the intersection targets were obtained to construct a protein-protein interaction network and screen for core targets.The intersection targets were imported into the DAVID database for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis.Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina software between the key active components of SSF and core targets,and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted using Gromacs 2022 for 100 ns.C57BL/6J mice NAFLD model was established by diet induction.SSF was administered by gavage for 8 weeks.Liver histopathological changes and the levels of non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA)were detected.In vitro NAFLD model was established by inducing AML12 cells with palmitic acid(PA)for 24 hours.SSF-containing serum was added to incubate simultaneously.The lipid accumulation and cell viability were detected.The core targets of SSF intervention in the in vitro and in vivo NAFLD models were verified by RT-qPCR and Western blot.Results Network pharmacological analysis identified 75 active components in SSF and revealed 179 shared targets between these components and NAFLD.Ten main active components including arachidonate,12-senecioyl-2E,8E,10E-atractylodin,cerebrosterol,glycyrrhizol B and sinapic acid,etc.as well as 8 core targets were identified.GO enrichment analysis of targets mainly involved protein phosphorylation,inflammatory response,and apoptosis,while the KEGG enrichment analysis mainly included AGE-RAGE,TNF,AMPK,PPAR and NF-κB signaling pathways.Molecular docking demonstrated that the major active components of SSF exhibited favorable binding affinity and stability with the core targets.Molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the stability of the complex of glyasperin B with AKT1,SIRT1,STAT3,PPARG,and TNF.SSF alleviated the pathological damage of liver tissues in mice NAFLD model,reduced NAS score and NEFA levels in liver tissues(P<0.05).Additionally,SSF reversed lipid accumulation and decreased cell viability of PA-induced AML12 cells(P<0.01).Further in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that SSF significantly reversed the elevated mRNA levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β and PPARγ and protein expression of STAT3(P<0.05,P<0.01)in NAFLD models,up-regulated the protein levels of SIRT1 and p-Akt/Akt(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion SSF can improve NAFLD of both in vitro and in vivo models.The regulation of multiple targets,such as AKT,SIRT1,STAT3 and PPARG,by its multiple active components,and adjustment of multiple approaches,such as lipid metabolism disorder,inflammatory responses,are involved in the potential underlying mechanisms.

Renal cell carcinoma is one of the significant diseases endangering human health. Recent findings have shown that the human microbiome plays an important role in the occurrence and development of renal cell carcinoma, influencing its regression and treatment outcome. At present, microecological research on renal cell carcinoma are still in their initial stages, and their regulatory roles and specific mechanisms still need to be further explored. This article reviews the relationship between the human microbiome and renal cell carcinoma occurrence and development, as well as its role in diagnosis and therapies.

Aim Preliminarily construct a classification system for Yi medicine diseases,and establish a relatively well-defined and clear hierarchy of disease terms and their classification system.Methods Adopting the research methods of Yi medicine,terminology and standard science,and drawing on the idea of standardisation of Chinese medicine's disease classification system,through in-depth excavation of the content characteristics of the 52 excavated ancient Yi medicine books on diseases and medicines,systematically collate the terms and terminology of Yi medicine diseases,and formulate the'Three-level Class List of Yi Medicine Diseases'on the basis of the original classification of ancient books,and construct a knowledge database of Yi medicine diseases.Constructing a knowledge database of Yi medical conditions.Results To establish the principle of classification of diseases and conditions in Yi medicine,with the first level of categories being the categories of diseases and conditions in Yi medicine,the second level of categories being the categories of sections,and the third level of categories being the subcategories of speciality systems,and to establish the method of classifying the various diseases and conditions in Yi medicine into categories and systems in accordance with the established principles.Conclusion The Yi medicine disease classification system is a systematic integration and standardised classification of disease terms from Yi medicine texts and literature over the ages,which helps to lead Yi medicine clinics to carry out medical activities in accordance with their own academic and clinical trajectories,and promotes the standardised research of Yi medicine.

Aim Preliminarily construct a classification system for Yi medicine diseases,and establish a relatively well-defined and clear hierarchy of disease terms and their classification system.Methods Adopting the research methods of Yi medicine,terminology and standard science,and drawing on the idea of standardisation of Chinese medicine's disease classification system,through in-depth excavation of the content characteristics of the 52 excavated ancient Yi medicine books on diseases and medicines,systematically collate the terms and terminology of Yi medicine diseases,and formulate the'Three-level Class List of Yi Medicine Diseases'on the basis of the original classification of ancient books,and construct a knowledge database of Yi medicine diseases.Constructing a knowledge database of Yi medical conditions.Results To establish the principle of classification of diseases and conditions in Yi medicine,with the first level of categories being the categories of diseases and conditions in Yi medicine,the second level of categories being the categories of sections,and the third level of categories being the subcategories of speciality systems,and to establish the method of classifying the various diseases and conditions in Yi medicine into categories and systems in accordance with the established principles.Conclusion The Yi medicine disease classification system is a systematic integration and standardised classification of disease terms from Yi medicine texts and literature over the ages,which helps to lead Yi medicine clinics to carry out medical activities in accordance with their own academic and clinical trajectories,and promotes the standardised research of Yi medicine.

Radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection is the gold standard for the treatment of high-grade upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Due to the multicenter characteristics of urothelial carcinoma, 22% to 47% of patients still have bladder tumor recurrence after operation. A series of randomized controlled trials have shown that postoperative intravesical chemotherapy can effectively reduce the intravesical recurrence rate after operation. At present, postoperative intravesical instillation treatment and drugs still refer to bladder urothelial carcinoma, and the standard treatment has not been established yet. This article reviews the relevant literature in recent years, and systematically discusses the research development of postoperative intravesical chemotherapy in terms of the choice of chemotherapy protocol and drugs.

Objective: To discuss the imagingcharacteristics of S₂AI screw trajectory in ADS patients. Methods: Forty patients with degenerative scoliosis were scanned with Simens Sliding 40-slice spiral CT scanner. Three-dimensional scanning and reconstruction were performed in these patients with the scanning range including thoracolumbar spine, lumbar spine, lumbosacral region, pelvis and bilateral hip joints. The base of the lateral sacral crest on the midline between the lower edge of S₁ dorsal foramina and the upper edge of S₂ dorsal foramina was the starting point. The placement plane of S2AI screw trajectory was determined from the starting point to the lower margin of anterior inferior iliac spine. A 10mm diameter screw was the design template. A circle with a diameter of 5 mm as the center of the lowest point of the ilium inner cortex was made, and a tangent line from the starting point to the outer diameter of the circle (the inner part of the ilium) was selected as the axis of the screw trajectory. The lateral angle and the length of the axis of the screw trajectory and iliac width were measured in transverse plane. The caudal angle, the distance from the axis of the screw trajectory to iliosciatic notch, and the caudal angle, the distance from the axis of the screw trajectory to the upper edge of the acetabulum were measured in sagittal plane. These parameters were recorded and analyzed. Results: The trajectory length of S₂AI screw in ADS patients was 12.00±0.99 cm, the lateral angle was 41.24°±3.92°, the caudal angle was 27.73°±6.45°, and the distance from the axis of the screw trajectory to iliosciatic notch was 1.05±0.81 cm, the distance from the axis of the screw trajectory to the upper edge of the acetabulum was 1.85 ± 0.33 cm, and the iliac width was 2.12±1.65 cm. The trajectory length, lateral angle, caudal angle, distance from the axis of the screw trajectory to iliosciatic notch, distance from the axis of the screw trajectory to the upper edge of the acetabulum and iliac width of S2AI screw was respectively 12.40±0.83 cm, 39.47°±1.76°, 28.00°±6.39°, 1.08±0.32 cm, 1.76±0.34 cm, 2.26±0.25 cm in male patients, and was respectively 11.75±1.01 cm, 42.30°±4.48°, 27.56°±6.61°, 1.21±1.00 cm, 1.90±0.32 cm, 2.04±0.18 cm in female patients. The screw length and lateral angle had statistically difference between male and female patients(P<0.05). Compared with non-ADS patients in previous studies, female patients with ADS had significant differences in increased lateral angle and decreased caudal angle of S₂AI screw. Conclusion There is ideal trajectory of S₂AI screws in ADS patients. There was no significant difference of the length of S₂AI screws between ADS patients and non-ADS population. Different direction was noticed in the placement of S₂AI screws, especially in female patients. Increased lateral angle and decreased caudal angle would be obtained in the procedure of placing S₂AI screws in female ADS patients during operation.

Objective The chief aim of the present work is to investigate features of sternum of Chinese adults and to establish the sex determination method to evaluate its effect based on 3D recombinant morphology indicators. Methods Based on chest spiral CT scans, 2D images of multi-level recombination and 3D model of volume rendering, the experiment concludes an sex determination equation from 8 measurement indicators of the sternum and 3 ratio indicators. The 8 measurement indicators include full-length, handle length, body length, maximum width of the handle, maximum width of the body, maximum thickness of the handle, maximum thickness of the body, and thickness of the upper body. Results According to the 11 indicators of sex differences in statistics (P<0.05), especially indicators of the full-length, body length, maximum width of the handle and maximum thickness of the body, the body's sex is easier to be determined. All indicators equations, length indicators discriminant equations and stepwise discriminant equations have higher reliable rate (88.6%) which was consistent with the recent foreign research reports. Conclusion The method of sex determination based on multislice spiral CT 3D recombinant techniques is practicable and has an relatively high accuracy. It is expected to be applied to researches in age estimation by sternum and other virtual bones.

Objective To review our experiences in portaazygous disconnection for the treatment of portal hypertension and to analyze the causes of postoperative complications. Methods We reviewed the results of 236 patients with portal hypertension who were treated with disconnection from April 1994 to July 2002. Results Postoperative complications occurred in 65 of all the patients(the incidence rate was 27.5%). Twenty-four patients experienced postoperative infection(10.2%),12 patients suffered from intraabdominal massive bleeding(5.1%),12 from massive ascites (5.1%),8 patients suffered from recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding (3.4%),7 patients experienced acute thrombosis of portal venous system(3.0%). Two patients suffered from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (1.0%). The operative mortality was 3.4%(8/236). The main causes of death included intraabdominal massive bleeding and severe infection with MODS. Conclusions The occurrence of postoperative complications was related with the selection of patients,thorough portaazygous disconnection and perioperative management.