Allergic conjunctivitis is a common ocular inflammatory disease, with intense itching being the most typical and distressing symptom for patients. In recent years, with the in-depth study of the interaction between the nervous and immune systems, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanism of itching in allergic conjunctivitis. This review elaborates on the neurobiological basis of itching in allergic conjunctivitis, with a focus on the complex dialogue between immune cells and sensory neurons, particularly the core role of the IL-33-ST2-CGRP signaling axis in mediating itching. Additionally, this article introduces new findings in genetic susceptibility research, including the identification of susceptibility genes for allergic conjunctivitis through transcriptome-wide association studies. The sensory nervous system not only transmits itch signals but also actively participates in the formation of antigen channels related to conjunctival goblet cells, thereby regulating the local uptake of allergens and the initiation of the immune response. Moreover, targeted novel therapeutic strategies offer hope for patients with refractory allergic conjunctivitis. Exploring the molecular and cellular mechanisms of itching in allergic conjunctivitis will provide a theoretical basis for the development of more effective treatment methods.

Objective To investigate the potential of one-stop multi-modality CT in the assessment of collateral circulation and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods From February 2022 to May 2024,115 patients diagnosed with AIS at Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital were enrolled in the study.All subjects were examined with one-stop multi-modality CT at admission and received endovascular therapy.According to the collateral circulation score derived from multi-phase CT angiography(mCTA)and the modified Rankin scale score at 90 days,these patients were divided into different groups:good(n=59)vs poor(n=56)collateral circulation groups,and favorable(n=48)vs unfavorable(n=67)outcome groups.Clinical and imaging parameters were compared between these groups.Independent risk factors for collateral circulation and prognosis of AIS patients were identified through multivariate Logistic regression analysis.A prediction model for unfavorable AIS prognosis was developed based on the results of multivariate Logistic analysis,and its predictive value was assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results Poor collateral circulation group exhibited higher proportions of insular ribbon and gray-white matter junction blurring as compared with good collateral circulation group(P<0.05),while the ratio of hypoperfusion intensity ratio(HIR)<0.3 was lower in poor collateral circulation group(P<0.05).Relative cerebral blood volume(rCBV)<40%,relative cerebral blood flow(rCBF)<30%,peak time(Tmax)>8 s,and Tmax>10 s volume were all significantly higher in poor collateral circulation group(P<0.05),whereas the Alberta stroke program early CT score(ASPECTS)was lower(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified ASPECTS,rCBV<40%,rCBF<30%,and Tmax>10 s as independent risk factors for poor collateral circulation(P<0.05).Unfavorable outcome group had higher rates of hemorrhage following endovascular thrombectomy and mismatch ratio<1.8 than favorable outcome group(P<0.05),with a lower HIR<0.3 ratio(P<0.05).Compared with favorable outcome group,unfavorable outcome group also showed higher admission NIHSS scores,higher percentages of rCBV<40%,rCBF<30%,Tmax>4 s,Tmax>6 s,and Tmax>10 s volumes(P<0.05),but lower mCTA collateral circulation score(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that admission NIHSS score,mCTA collateral circulation score,rCBV<40%,rCBF<30%,and Tmax>10 s were independent risk factors for unfavorable outcomes(P<0.05).The regression equation was formulated as:Logit(P)=-0.184+(admission NIHSS score×0.134)+(mCTA collateral circulation score×-0.415)+(rCBV<40%×0.107)+(rCBF<30%×0.089)+(Tmax>10 s×0.028).ROC curve analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.775(95 CI:0.689-0.860,P<0.001)for the prediction model in assessing unfavorable AIS prognosis.Conclusion One-stop multi-modality CT has significant application value in assessing collateral circulation and predicting prognosis in AIS patients.

Objective To investigate the potential of one-stop multi-modality CT in the assessment of collateral circulation and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods From February 2022 to May 2024,115 patients diagnosed with AIS at Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital were enrolled in the study.All subjects were examined with one-stop multi-modality CT at admission and received endovascular therapy.According to the collateral circulation score derived from multi-phase CT angiography(mCTA)and the modified Rankin scale score at 90 days,these patients were divided into different groups:good(n=59)vs poor(n=56)collateral circulation groups,and favorable(n=48)vs unfavorable(n=67)outcome groups.Clinical and imaging parameters were compared between these groups.Independent risk factors for collateral circulation and prognosis of AIS patients were identified through multivariate Logistic regression analysis.A prediction model for unfavorable AIS prognosis was developed based on the results of multivariate Logistic analysis,and its predictive value was assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results Poor collateral circulation group exhibited higher proportions of insular ribbon and gray-white matter junction blurring as compared with good collateral circulation group(P<0.05),while the ratio of hypoperfusion intensity ratio(HIR)<0.3 was lower in poor collateral circulation group(P<0.05).Relative cerebral blood volume(rCBV)<40%,relative cerebral blood flow(rCBF)<30%,peak time(Tmax)>8 s,and Tmax>10 s volume were all significantly higher in poor collateral circulation group(P<0.05),whereas the Alberta stroke program early CT score(ASPECTS)was lower(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified ASPECTS,rCBV<40%,rCBF<30%,and Tmax>10 s as independent risk factors for poor collateral circulation(P<0.05).Unfavorable outcome group had higher rates of hemorrhage following endovascular thrombectomy and mismatch ratio<1.8 than favorable outcome group(P<0.05),with a lower HIR<0.3 ratio(P<0.05).Compared with favorable outcome group,unfavorable outcome group also showed higher admission NIHSS scores,higher percentages of rCBV<40%,rCBF<30%,Tmax>4 s,Tmax>6 s,and Tmax>10 s volumes(P<0.05),but lower mCTA collateral circulation score(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that admission NIHSS score,mCTA collateral circulation score,rCBV<40%,rCBF<30%,and Tmax>10 s were independent risk factors for unfavorable outcomes(P<0.05).The regression equation was formulated as:Logit(P)=-0.184+(admission NIHSS score×0.134)+(mCTA collateral circulation score×-0.415)+(rCBV<40%×0.107)+(rCBF<30%×0.089)+(Tmax>10 s×0.028).ROC curve analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.775(95 CI:0.689-0.860,P<0.001)for the prediction model in assessing unfavorable AIS prognosis.Conclusion One-stop multi-modality CT has significant application value in assessing collateral circulation and predicting prognosis in AIS patients.