To investigate the therapeutic effect and related mechanisms of hordenine on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) in rats, HE and AB-PAS staining were used to detect the improvement of pathological damage to the nasal mucosa induced by hordenine. ELISA was employed to detect the effect of hordenine on OVA-sIgE in serum and IL-4 in the nasal mucosa supernatant of rats. IHC and Western blot experiments were undertaken to examine the effect of hordenine on Th1/Th2 cell balance. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict pathways, which were verified by in vivo and in vitro experiments. The experimental results showed that hordenine could alleviate the behavioral manifestations of OVA-induced AR rats, alleviate nasal mucosal pathological damage caused by AR, and reduce the secretion of OVA-sIgE and IL-4. In addition, hordenine could regulate the Th1/Th2 balance. Bioinformatics analysis results showed that the potential pathway of action of hordenine on AR was the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. The in vivo experimental results showed that the expression of PI3K and p-Akt proteins in the nasal mucosa of the model group rats was significantly increased (P < 0.01), and that the protein expression level was significantly decreased after the administration of hordenine, which was also confirmed by an in vitro experiment. This study suggests that hordenine may regulate Th1/Th2 cell balance through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby exerting an alleviating effect on OVA-induced AR.

Objective To analyze the status of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the distribution of viral subtypes in the Zhengzhou region. Methods Clinical data of 55239 patients who underwent HPV-DNA genotyping tests from 2018 to 2024 were collected. On the basis of HPV follow-up results, patients were divided into three groups: 849 cases of infection with the same HPV type, 255 cases of persistent infection with different HPV types, and 857 cases of transient HPV infection. Results Among the 9232 initially-screened patients who were positive with HPV, the high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) positive rate was 84.6% (7813/9232), and predominant subtypes were HPV-16 (20.8%), HPV-52 (17.2%), and HPV-53 (9.6%). The low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) positive rate was 15.4% (1419/9232), mainly HPV-81 (28.1%) and HPV-42 (27.0%). Among the 1961 follow-up cases, the rates of persistent and non-persistent infections with the same HPV type were 35.7% (701/1961) and 7.5% (148/1961), respectively. The rates of persistent and non-persistent infections with different HPV types were 10.9% (214/1961) and 2.1% (41/1961), respectively. Meanwhile, 43.7% (857/1961) tested negative upon follow-up. Among the 701 cases of persistent infection with the same HPV type, HR-HPV accounted for 85.7% (601/701), and LR-HPV accounted for 14.3% (100/701). Among the 214 cases of persistent infection with different HPV types, 89.7% (192/214) were high-risk transitions, and 10.3% (22/214) were low-risk transitions. Regardless of HPV types, HR-HPV was more likely to cause persistent infection than LR-HPV. In addition, over 60% of HR-HPV persistent infections resolved within 18 months, 30% developed into persistent infections, and only 15% of patients had persistent infections that last more than 24 months. Conclusion Persistent HPV infections are predominantly high-risk types. Most patients clear the infection within 18 months, approximately 30% develop persistent infections, and about 15% of patients have persistent infections that last more than 24 months. However, the HR-HPV persistent infection rates across different age groups slightly differ.

Objective·To explore the causal relationship between air pollution and the risk of Alzheimer's disease(AD)by using two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR).Methods·Based on the data from the genome-wide association study(GWAS),a two-sample MR analysis was conducted to evaluate the causal relationship between air pollution and the risk of AD.Air pollution indicators,including particulate matter 2.5(PM2.5),particulate matter 2.5-10(PM2.5-10),particulate matter 10(PM10),nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxides,were used as exposure factors,and summarized data were aggregated from the UK Biobank database.The PM2.5 dataset included 423 796 cases,with correlation analysis conducted on 9 851 867 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs);the PM2.5-10 dataset included 423 796 cases,with correlation analysis conducted on 9 851 867 SNPs;the PM10 dataset included 455 314 cases,with correlation analysis conducted on 9 851 867 SNPs;the nitrogen dioxide dataset included 456 380 cases,with correlation analysis conducted on 9 851 867 SNPs;the nitrogen oxides dataset included 456 380 cases,with correlation analysis conducted on 9 851 867 SNPs.AD was used as the outcome factor,and data were obtained from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project(IGAP).The AD dataset included 25 580 cases and 48 466 controls,with correlation analysis of 7 067 513 SNPs.SNPs significantly associated with AD were used as instrumental variables.The main analysis was conducted by using the inverse variance weighted(IVW)method,and four methods including weighted median,MR-Egger regression,mode-based simple estimation and mode-based weighted estimation were used for quality control.Heterogeneity testing,gene pleiotropy testing and sensitivity analysis were conducted to assess the reliability of the study results.Results·Heterogeneity testing indicated no evidence of heterogeneity among SNPs associated with air pollution indicators and AD(both IVW and MR-Egger results,P＞0.05).Gene pleiotropy testing did not detect any pleiotropic effects(MR-Egger results,P＞0.05).Sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the PM2.5 results.IVW analysis revealed a statistically significant association between PM2.5 and AD in European populations(P＜0.001),while no statistically significant associations were observed between PM2.5-10(P=0.664),PM10(P=0.664),nitrogen dioxide(P=0.284),nitrogen oxides(P=0.567)and AD.Conclusion·There is a significant causal relationship between PM2.5 exposure and the risk of AD,with PM2.5 exposure increasing the incidence of AD.However,no evidence has been found to suggest that PM2.5-10,PM10,nitrogen dioxide or nitrogen oxides cause an increased risk of AD.

Objective·To explore the causal relationship between air pollution and the risk of Alzheimer's disease(AD)by using two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR).Methods·Based on the data from the genome-wide association study(GWAS),a two-sample MR analysis was conducted to evaluate the causal relationship between air pollution and the risk of AD.Air pollution indicators,including particulate matter 2.5(PM2.5),particulate matter 2.5-10(PM2.5-10),particulate matter 10(PM10),nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxides,were used as exposure factors,and summarized data were aggregated from the UK Biobank database.The PM2.5 dataset included 423 796 cases,with correlation analysis conducted on 9 851 867 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs);the PM2.5-10 dataset included 423 796 cases,with correlation analysis conducted on 9 851 867 SNPs;the PM10 dataset included 455 314 cases,with correlation analysis conducted on 9 851 867 SNPs;the nitrogen dioxide dataset included 456 380 cases,with correlation analysis conducted on 9 851 867 SNPs;the nitrogen oxides dataset included 456 380 cases,with correlation analysis conducted on 9 851 867 SNPs.AD was used as the outcome factor,and data were obtained from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project(IGAP).The AD dataset included 25 580 cases and 48 466 controls,with correlation analysis of 7 067 513 SNPs.SNPs significantly associated with AD were used as instrumental variables.The main analysis was conducted by using the inverse variance weighted(IVW)method,and four methods including weighted median,MR-Egger regression,mode-based simple estimation and mode-based weighted estimation were used for quality control.Heterogeneity testing,gene pleiotropy testing and sensitivity analysis were conducted to assess the reliability of the study results.Results·Heterogeneity testing indicated no evidence of heterogeneity among SNPs associated with air pollution indicators and AD(both IVW and MR-Egger results,P＞0.05).Gene pleiotropy testing did not detect any pleiotropic effects(MR-Egger results,P＞0.05).Sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the PM2.5 results.IVW analysis revealed a statistically significant association between PM2.5 and AD in European populations(P＜0.001),while no statistically significant associations were observed between PM2.5-10(P=0.664),PM10(P=0.664),nitrogen dioxide(P=0.284),nitrogen oxides(P=0.567)and AD.Conclusion·There is a significant causal relationship between PM2.5 exposure and the risk of AD,with PM2.5 exposure increasing the incidence of AD.However,no evidence has been found to suggest that PM2.5-10,PM10,nitrogen dioxide or nitrogen oxides cause an increased risk of AD.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)and acupuncture therapy in the treatment of chronic insomnia disorder(CID)patients.Methods A total of 80 patients with CID,who were treated at Nanchang First Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023,were selected for the study.The patients were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,with 40 cases in each group.The control group patients were treated with dexmedetomidine,while the treatment group patients received rTMS and acupuncture therapy in addition to control group.The treatment course was 4 weeks,and the sleep quality,sleep related indicators,and psychological condition improvement of both groups of patients were observed before and after treatment.Results After treatment,the Pittsburgh sleep quality index scores of both groups of patients decreased(P＜0.05);The sleep latency and number of awakenings were lower than before treatment(P＜0.05),and the total sleep time,sleep efficiency,and proportion of rapid eye movement sleep were higher than before treatment,treatment group showed more significant improvement than control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,the Hamilton anxiety and depression scale scores of both groups of patients decreased compared to before treatment,but there was no statistically significant difference in control group before and after treatment(P＞0.05).However,there was a statistically significant difference in treatment group before and after treatment(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of rTMS and acupuncture treatment can significantly improve the sleep quality of CID patients,while also reducing the accompanying symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Objective:To establish the "1+3" management module of high-value consumables in Operation Room and verify its application, so as to provide new ideas for cost management of consumables in Operation Room.Methods:The Operating Room team of Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University designed a "1+3" management module in 2022, where "1" referred to the management process of high-value consumables in Operation Room, and "3" referred to the precise management of consumables in Operation Room warehouse, the management of closed-loop use of Operation Room consumables and adverse event management of consumables. Surgeries using high-value consumables in the Thoracic Surgery Department, Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, and Urology Department of the hospital were selected as the research objects. The surgeries using conventional consumables from January to June 2022 were set as the control group, and the surgeries implementing the "1+3" management module from July to December 2022 were set as the observation group. The number of consumables received by the itinerant nurses before the operation and the number of high-value consumables returned after the operation were compared between the two groups. And the number of missed and error charges for high-value consumables in the two groups were counted and compared.Results:The number of consumables received before operation in the control group was higher than that in the observation group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The number of high-value consumables returned in the observation group was less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). The proportion of missed charges for consumables in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of incorrect charges between the two groups ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:The "1+3" management module for high-value consumables in Operation Room makes the process of receiving, returning, and charging high-value consumables clear, with traceable data, achieving refined management of high-value consumables in Operation Room, reducing the number of high-value consumables returned to the warehouse and reducing the proportion of missed consumables, which is conducive to effective cost control in Operation Room.

Objective To investigate the incidence and related factors of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia. Methods Elderly patients aged ≥65 years old undergoing non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into delirium group and control group according to whether delirium occurred after surgery. Paired t test was used to compare the laboratory test results between the delirium group and the control group. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for delirium after non-cardiac surgery in elderly patients. Results A total of 1 072 elderly patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery were enrolled in this study. Delirium occurred in 60 patients, and the incidence of delirium was 5.6%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative prothrombin time(PT), preoperative blood glucose, preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) and postoperative C-reactive protein(CRP) were independent risk factors for delirium after non-cardiac surgery in elderly patients. Conclusions Postoperative PT, preoperative blood glucose, preoperative APTT and postoperative CRP are independent risk factors for POD in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Objective To investigate the cell membrane-penetrating capacity of human cell-penetrating peptide hPP10 carrying human antioxidant protein Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase(Cu,Zn-SOD)and assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of these fusion proteins.Methods The fusion protein hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD was obtained by genetic engineering and identified by Western blotting.The membrane-penetrating ability of the fusion protein was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay,fluorescence colocalization assay and Western blotting,its SOD enzyme activity was detected using a commercial kit,and its effect on cell viability was assessed with MTT assay.In a HEK293 cell model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress,the effect of hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD on cell apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometry and RT-qPCR,and its antioxidant effect was assessed using reactive oxygen species(ROS)assay;its anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated in mouse model of TPA-induced ear inflammation by detecting expression of the inflammatory factors using RT-qPCR,Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Results The fusion protein hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD was successfully obtained.Immunofluorescence assay confirmed obvious membrane penetration of this fusion protein in HEK293 cells,localized both in the cell membrane and the cell nuclei after cell entry.hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD at the concentration of 5 μmol/L exhibited strong antioxidant activity with minimal impact on cell viability at the concentration up to 10 μmol/L.The fusion protein obviously inhibited apoptosis and decreased intracellular ROS level in the oxidative stress cell model and significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression of the inflammatory factors in the mouse model of ear inflammation.Conclusion The fusion protein hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD capable of penetrating the cell membrane possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with only minimal cytotoxicity,demonstrating the value of hPP10 as an efficient drug delivery vector and the potential of hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD in the development of skincare products

Objective To investigate the cell membrane-penetrating capacity of human cell-penetrating peptide hPP10 carrying human antioxidant protein Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase(Cu,Zn-SOD)and assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of these fusion proteins.Methods The fusion protein hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD was obtained by genetic engineering and identified by Western blotting.The membrane-penetrating ability of the fusion protein was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay,fluorescence colocalization assay and Western blotting,its SOD enzyme activity was detected using a commercial kit,and its effect on cell viability was assessed with MTT assay.In a HEK293 cell model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress,the effect of hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD on cell apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometry and RT-qPCR,and its antioxidant effect was assessed using reactive oxygen species(ROS)assay;its anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated in mouse model of TPA-induced ear inflammation by detecting expression of the inflammatory factors using RT-qPCR,Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Results The fusion protein hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD was successfully obtained.Immunofluorescence assay confirmed obvious membrane penetration of this fusion protein in HEK293 cells,localized both in the cell membrane and the cell nuclei after cell entry.hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD at the concentration of 5 μmol/L exhibited strong antioxidant activity with minimal impact on cell viability at the concentration up to 10 μmol/L.The fusion protein obviously inhibited apoptosis and decreased intracellular ROS level in the oxidative stress cell model and significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression of the inflammatory factors in the mouse model of ear inflammation.Conclusion The fusion protein hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD capable of penetrating the cell membrane possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with only minimal cytotoxicity,demonstrating the value of hPP10 as an efficient drug delivery vector and the potential of hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD in the development of skincare products

Animal experiments play an important role in the process of biomedical research, and is a necessary way to transform basic medicine into clinical medicine. The standardization of animal experimental studies and reports determines the reliability and reproducibility of research results, and is also the key to transforming the results of animal experiments into clinical trials. In view of how to design and implement animal experiments, write animal experiment reports, and publish relevant academic papers in a more standardized way, LACM (Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine) has launched a new column of comparative medical research and reporting standards from 2023, focusing on the introduction and interpretation of international general norms related to laboratory animal and comparative medicine, such as ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments). This article focuses on the development and application, basic content and priority of ARRIVE 2.0, as well as the scheme of implementing ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international biomedical journals, and explains the current situation and future plans of LACM following ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines. The research and report of animal experimental medicine following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines and other international norms is one of the important driving forces to promote the high-quality development of experimental animal science and biomedicine in China, and also a powerful means to implement the 3R principle and improve the welfare of laboratory animals. Through this article, we hope the majority of scientific researchers and editors will attach great importance and actively implement these international standards.