Objective:To explore the expression of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles in hippocampal tissue and prefron-tal cortex in a mouse model of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD).Methods:Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 2 groups:the control group and the PTSD group.The PTSD group used conditioned foot shock(CF)and single-sustained stress(SPS)to prepare an animal model of PTSD.Anxiety and depression responses of the mouse mod-el were detected by the open field experiment and elevated cross maze test.Memory and memory capacity tests were es-tablished by the darkness-avoidance experimental system.Morphological changes in the hippocampus and prefrontal cor-tex of mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE),and the expression of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles was detected using Western Blot and immunohistochemical staining.Results:The PTSD mouse group showed decreased body mass,anxiety and depression-like behaviors,and decreased learning and memory abilities compared with the con-trol group(P＜0.05).HE staining showed tissue damage in the hippocampal CA1 region and prefrontal cortex in PTSD mice compared with the control group.Western Blot and immunohistochemical staining showed that after 3 d of PTSD stimulation,hippocampal and prefrontal cortical NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles were activated(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Increased expression of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of PTSD model mice.

Objective:To explore the expression of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles in hippocampal tissue and prefron-tal cortex in a mouse model of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD).Methods:Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 2 groups:the control group and the PTSD group.The PTSD group used conditioned foot shock(CF)and single-sustained stress(SPS)to prepare an animal model of PTSD.Anxiety and depression responses of the mouse mod-el were detected by the open field experiment and elevated cross maze test.Memory and memory capacity tests were es-tablished by the darkness-avoidance experimental system.Morphological changes in the hippocampus and prefrontal cor-tex of mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE),and the expression of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles was detected using Western Blot and immunohistochemical staining.Results:The PTSD mouse group showed decreased body mass,anxiety and depression-like behaviors,and decreased learning and memory abilities compared with the con-trol group(P＜0.05).HE staining showed tissue damage in the hippocampal CA1 region and prefrontal cortex in PTSD mice compared with the control group.Western Blot and immunohistochemical staining showed that after 3 d of PTSD stimulation,hippocampal and prefrontal cortical NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles were activated(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Increased expression of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of PTSD model mice.

AIM: To observe the effect of metformin (Met) on the endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of rat alveolar epithelial type II cells and its mechanism. METHODS: The RLE-6TN cells were divided into 6 groups as follows: Control group; transforming growth factor-β

Objective To analyze the risk factors of gastrointestinal dysfunction in critically ill patients and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction. Methods A retrospective study was conducted, and the data of patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Jinghai District Hospital from September 2018 to March 2019 were collected. The data including sex, age, sequential organ failure score (SOFA), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ), diagnosis in ICU, application of special drugs, hemoglobin (Hb), blood glucose, albumin (Alb) levels and presence or absence of bacteremia were collected. The patients were divided into gastrointestinal dysfunction group and non-gastrointestinal dysfunction group according to whether gastrointestinal dysfunction occurred or not. The general data, related final outcome and prognosis were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting gastrointestinal dysfunction in critical ill patients, and the possible existing complications were recorded. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to evaluate the predictive values of risk factors. Results One hundred and thirty-eight patients were enrolled in this study, and 86 patients had gastrointestinal dysfunction. The SOFA score and proportions of using catecholamine and bacteremia in the gastrointestinal dysfunction group were significantly higher than those in the non-gastrointestinal dysfunction group [SOFA score: 7.2±3.8 vs. 5.8±3.6, the proportion of using catecholamine: 57.0% (49/86) vs. 38.5% (20/52), the proportion of bacteremia: 32.6%(28/86) vs.17.3%(9/52), all P < 0.05], Alb level was significantly lower than that in the non-gastrointestinal dysfunction group (g/L: 24.15±5.75 vs. 26.55±5.68, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the use of catecholamine, Alb level, bacteremia and SOFA score in ICU were the risk factors for occurrence of gastrointestinal dysfunction in ICU patients [odd ratios (OR) were 1.128, 0.547, 1.645, 1.958, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were 1.052-1.219, 0.384-0.765, 1.143-2.597, 1.925-1.993, P values were 0.011, 0.017, 0.021, 0.016, respectively]. Compared with the non-gastrointestinal dysfunction group, the incidence of bedsore, the proportion of energy intake unable to reach the target, the length of stay in ICU and the mortality in gastrointestinal dysfunction group were significantly increased [the incidence of bedsore: 53.5% (46/86) vs. 30.8% (16/52), the proportion of intake unable to reach the target: 27.9% (24/86) vs. 5.8% (3/52), the length of stay in ICU (days): 22.5±17.8 vs. 16.0±11.5, mortality rate: 51.2% (44/86) vs. 34.6% (18/52), all P < 0.05]. ROC curve analysis showed that the use of catecholamine, bacteremia present or not, Alb level and SOFA score showed certain extents of predictive values for the occurrence of gastrointestinal dysfunction in critically ill patients the area under ROC curve (AUC) were 0.794, 0.712, 0.705 and 0.882, respectively, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were 0.708-0.880, 0.609-0.816, 0.579-0.830, 0.801-0.962, sensitivity were 58.8%, 42.5%, 76.3%, 75.0%, specificity were 100%, 60%, 100%, 85%, all P < 0.05. Conclusions The use of catecholamine, Alb level, bacteremia and high SOFA score are the risk factors of gastrointestinal dysfunction in critically ill patients. Prevention of gastrointestinal motility disorder can improve the treatment success rate of critical patients.