Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel endoscopic oronasal shields in reducing aerosol transmission during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.Methods:Patients undergoing sedated upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at Lhasa People's Hospital (December 2023-February 2024) were randomized 1∶1 via SAS 9.4 to shield or control groups. A six-channel particle counter (0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 μm) measured aerosol particles. The primary outcome was pre-/post-procedure aerosol variation at the endoscopist's facial position. The secondary outcome was device safety.Results:The study enrolled 100 patients (50 per group) with comparable baseline characteristics. Procedure duration showed no significant difference (7.8±3.9 min VS 8.1±4.2 min, t=0.500, P=0.615). The oronasal shield group demonstrated significantly reduced aerosol increases at 0.3 μm [(57.87±19.26)×10?/L VS (203.32±18.33)×10?/L, t=4.295, P<0.001], 0.5 μm [(19.36±3.60)×10?/L VS (64.61±12.67)×10?/L, t=4.949, P<0.001], 1.0 μm [(15.31±4.42)×10?/L VS (54.11±9.12)×10?/L, t=4.507, P<0.001], and 2.5 μm [(7.38±2.90)×10?/L VS (23.33±5.17)×10?/L, t=3.723, P<0.001]. Adverse event rates (cough, hiccups, hypoxemia, etc.) showed no significant differences ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Endoscopic oronasal shields safely reduce aerosol generation without prolonging procedure time, potentially mitigating exposure risks in endoscopy centers.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is mainly mediated by pathogenic autoantibodies secreted by effector B cells. Cytokines secreted by various immune cells can participate in MG development by regulating B lymphocyte activity and modulating lymphocyte differentiation. This article reviews the recent advance in role of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-17, and transforming growth factor-β in MG development and cytokine-targeted MG treatment, with the aim of providing new ideas for MG diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis assessment.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel endoscopic oronasal shields in reducing aerosol transmission during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.Methods:Patients undergoing sedated upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at Lhasa People's Hospital (December 2023-February 2024) were randomized 1∶1 via SAS 9.4 to shield or control groups. A six-channel particle counter (0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 μm) measured aerosol particles. The primary outcome was pre-/post-procedure aerosol variation at the endoscopist's facial position. The secondary outcome was device safety.Results:The study enrolled 100 patients (50 per group) with comparable baseline characteristics. Procedure duration showed no significant difference (7.8±3.9 min VS 8.1±4.2 min, t=0.500, P=0.615). The oronasal shield group demonstrated significantly reduced aerosol increases at 0.3 μm [(57.87±19.26)×10?/L VS (203.32±18.33)×10?/L, t=4.295, P<0.001], 0.5 μm [(19.36±3.60)×10?/L VS (64.61±12.67)×10?/L, t=4.949, P<0.001], 1.0 μm [(15.31±4.42)×10?/L VS (54.11±9.12)×10?/L, t=4.507, P<0.001], and 2.5 μm [(7.38±2.90)×10?/L VS (23.33±5.17)×10?/L, t=3.723, P<0.001]. Adverse event rates (cough, hiccups, hypoxemia, etc.) showed no significant differences ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Endoscopic oronasal shields safely reduce aerosol generation without prolonging procedure time, potentially mitigating exposure risks in endoscopy centers.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is mainly mediated by pathogenic autoantibodies secreted by effector B cells. Cytokines secreted by various immune cells can participate in MG development by regulating B lymphocyte activity and modulating lymphocyte differentiation. This article reviews the recent advance in role of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-17, and transforming growth factor-β in MG development and cytokine-targeted MG treatment, with the aim of providing new ideas for MG diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis assessment.

This article introduces a high-throughput molecular screening chip： peptide arrays. As a kind of biochip， the peptide arrays are easy to synthesis， stable in probe chemistry， high-throughput in screening and highly specific compared with other biochips. To analyze the new high-throughput data， researchers have recently proposed a series of deep learning and bioinformatics methods to study the binding characteristics of peptide probes and target molecules. Those algorithms could be used to predict the binding affinity of protein targets against peptides. Moreover， peptide arrays could also play important roles in analyzing protein-protein interactions，screening novel drug peptides， disease diagnosis and general health assessment based on recent reports. The application of this new technology could provide novel insights into public health research.

Objective:To observe the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on phosphatase and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)/Parkin signaling pathway in the midbrain substantia nigra of Thy1-α synuclein(αSyn)transgenic model mice with Parkinson disease(PD). Methods:Twenty-four Thy1-αSyn transgenic mice were randomly divided into a model group,an acupuncture group,an acupuncture + moxibustion group,and a Western medicine group.Six wild-type mice in the same litter were used as the wild-type group.In the acupuncture group,Baihui(GV20)and Yanglingquan(GB34)were selected for acupuncture.In the acupuncture + moxibustion group,Guanyuan(CV4)was added on the basis of the acupuncture group.The Western medicine group was given rapamycin intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 10 mg/(kg·bw).The wild-type group and the model group were fixed without intervention.The overall rod performance(ORP)score of mice was observed in each group.The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)positive neurons in the substantia nigra of mice in each group.The αSyn was detected by the immunofluorescence chemical method.The expression levels of αSyn,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,autophagy protein sequestosome-1/protein 62(SQSTM-1/p62),PINK1,Parkin,and ubiquitin-specific protease 30(USP30)proteins were detected by Western blotting assay.The expression levels of LC3B,p62,PINK1,Parkin,and USP30 mRNAs were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results:Compared with the wild-type group,the ORP score,the p62,PINK1,and Parkin protein expression levels decreased significantly(P<0.01),the PINK1 mRNA expression level decreased(P<0.05),while the protein and mRNA expression levels of USP30 increased(P<0.05)in the model group.Compared with the model group,the ORP score in the acupuncture group and the acupuncture + moxibustion group increased(P<0.05);the expression level of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ protein in the acupuncture + moxibustion group and the Western medicine group increased(P<0.05);the protein expression levels of p62,PINK1,and Parkin increased(P<0.05),while the USP30 protein expression level decreased significantly(P<0.01)in the acupuncture group,the acupuncture + moxibustion group,and the Western medicine group;the Parkin mRNA expression level in the acupuncture group and the acupuncture + moxibustion group increased(P<0.05);the USP30 mRNA expression level in the acupuncture + moxibustion group decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion:Acupuncture and moxibustion regulate the related molecule expression levels of PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in the Thy1-αSyn transgenic PD model mice and promote the autophagy degradation of αSyn to exert the protective effect of dopaminergic neurons.

Background::Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is a common allergen causing allergic diseases in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of D. pteronyssinus extracts produced by Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) for the skin prick test (SPT) in the diagnosis of D. pteronyssinus allergy. Methods::A total of 910 subjects with allergic diseases were prescribed D. pteronyssinus SPT and specific sIgE (sIgE) test among the Outpatients of Department of Allergy, PUMCH from August 10, 2015 to August 30, 2017. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed according to the results of D. pteronyssinus-sIgE detection. The accuracy of D. pteronyssinus extracts used for SPT in the diagnosis of D. pteronyssinus allergy was evaluated under different cutoff values. Adverse events after SPT were recorded to evaluate safety. Results::There were 796 and 618 subjects in the full analysis set (FAS) and the per protocol set (PPS), respectively. The areas under the curve of FAS and PPS were 0.871 and 0.873, respectively. According to the ROC of PPS, the optimal and 95% specificity diagnostic cutoff values of D. pteronyssinus SPT mean wheal diameter were 3.25 and 3.75 mm, respectively. No adverse events occurred. Conclusion::The extracts of D. pteronyssinus for SPT were simple, highly accurate, and safe and should be considered for recommendation in the clinical diagnosis of D. pteronyssinus allergy.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features of perianal condyloma acuminatum in HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) and assess the effects of combined treatment of microwave and photodynamic therapy. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data of 260 male patients with perianal condyloma acuminatum were collected and microwave combined with photodynamic therapy was applied on them. Results: The majority of the patients with perianal condyloma acuminatum were young people (243/260). Warts were mainly located in the anus or from the outside to inside of the anus (245/260). Among them, the proportion of warts position of extraanal in HIV-infected group (8/220) was lower than that of non-HIV-infected group (7/40). HPV types 11 (70/118), 6 (44/118) and 16 (40/118) were the most common types of HPV infection. People with HIV infection were more likely to develop high-risk, mixed types HPV infection and multiple HPV infection than those without HIV infection. More than half of the patients (146/260) needed only 1-3 sessions of photodynamic treatments. There was no significant difference in the times of photodynamic treatments and the numbers of photosensitizers required between the HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected groups. The recurrence rate of HIV-infected group (13.6%, 30/220) was also similar to that of non-HIV-infected group (15.0%, 6/40), but far lower than those who underwent microwave therapy alone (45%, 18/40). Conclusions The combination therapy significantly reduced the recurrence rate of perianal condyloma acuminatum in HIV infected MSM.

Based on previous clinical and basic research on autohemotherapy,its effective mechanism was explored.Autohemotherapy was used as the keyword in the document retrieval of databases such as the Pubmed,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and etc.from 1990 to 2017.Previous clinical and basic research results of our team were also combined in the analysis of effective mechanism study on autohemotherapy in the treatment of acne.The results showed that autohemotherapy displayed the treatment effect of acne vulgaris through the regulation of Th1/Th2 immune deviation and micro ecological imbalance of local lesions,which may be one of the important ways in the treatment of acne vulgaris by autohemotherapy.It also reflected the regulation of Yin and Yang to reach the balance.It was concluded that in the future research,taking the effect of Th1/Th2 immune deviation and micro ecological imbalance of local lesions as the starting point,it will provide experimental basis for the effect of regulating Yin and Yang to reach the balance.It can provide certain scientific basis for its clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effects of intervertebral bridging ossifications in patients of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) on bone fracture healing.Methods A total of 170 patients of thoracolumbar vertebral endplate fracture who were admitted into our hospital were selected.Divided these patients into the observation group,namely 60 patients with nonunion of vertebral endplate after 3 months of conservative treatment,and the control group, including 110 patients with well healed vertebra after 3 months of conservative treatment.Compared the distribution of intervertebral bridging ossifications of the two groups 3 weeks after injury.Results The incidence of bridging ossification at levels of T9 to T10,T10to T11,T11to T12 in the observation group were significantly higher than that in the control group.And it showed a significantly higher incidence of bridging ossification at the second proximal intervertebral segment in the observation group than that of the control group.There was a significantly greater sagittal wedge angle in the observation group compared with the control group.Conclusion Conservative treatment may increase the risk of nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures when there is a bridging ossification at the second proximal intervertebral level or the sagittal wedge angle was greater than 14.2°in a fresh osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.It should be a careful choose whether to take conservative treatment or surgical intervention.