AIM: To investigate the distribution characteristics of pathogens in patients with post-traumatic infectious endophthalmitis(PTIE)and their relationship with serum levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1α(MIP-1α), heat shock protein 70(HSP70), and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1(sTREM-1).METHODS:A total of 157 patients with PTIE from the Handan City Eye Hospital(The Third Hospital of Handan)from May 2023 to May 2025 were selected as the study group. They were divided into a good prognosis group and a poor prognosis group based on their uncorrected visual acuity at discharge. Meanwhile, 157 patients with ocular trauma but without endophthalmitis during the same period were selected as control group 1, and 157 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as control group 2. Aqueous humor and vitreous fluid samples were collected from the study group to detect the distribution of pathogens. The levels of serum MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for poor prognosis. The predictive value of serum MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 levels for poor prognosis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)and decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS: The general data of the participants in the three groups was comparable. A total of 173 pathogens were detected in the 157 patients with PTIE, with Gram-positive bacteria being the predominant type. The levels of serum MIP-1α and sTREM-1 in the study group were higher than those in control groups 1 and 2, while the level of HSP70 was lower than those in control groups 1 and 2(all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of serum MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 between control groups 1 and 2(all P>0.05). In the poor prognosis group, the time of wound suture was ≥24 h, the wound location was in zones II/III, the type of trauma was rupture, the proportion of rupture injuries, and the levels of serum C-reactive protein, MIP-1α, and sTREM-1 were higher than those in the good prognosis group, while the level of HSP70 was decreased(all P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the time of wound suture, wound location, type of trauma, C-reactive protein, MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 were risk factors for poor visual prognosis in patients with PTIE(all P<0.05). The ROC curve results showed that the combined prediction of serum MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 for poor visual prognosis in PTIE patients had an AUC value of 0.965, which was significantly higher than that of individual predictions(ZMIP-1α, ZHSP70, ZsTREM-1=3.628, 4.705, 3.930, all P<0.05). Additionally, the DCA curve showed that the combined prediction had a higher net benefit rate than individual predictions in the high-risk threshold range of 0.03-0.97.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive bacteria are the predominant type of pathogenic bacteria in patients with PTIE, with elevated levels of serum MIP-1α and sTREM-1 and decreased levels of HSP70. The combined detection of these three factors has a high predictive efficacy for visual prognosis in patients.

This study aims to simultaneously detect three antibiotic resistance genes(blaNDM,mcr-1 and cfr).A triplex fluorescence quantitative PCR method was established.Plasmids,primers and probes were designed and optimized.The method could specifically detect blaNDM,mcr-1 and cfr,but not other antibiotic resistance genes.The R2 of the standard curves of the three antibiotic re-sistance genes were all greater than 0.999,and the coefficients of variation were all lower than 1％.The lowest detection limits of the plasmids were 1 × 102 copies/μL.This method was used to de-tect 800 bacterial samples.The results showed that 32 samples contained mcr-1 gene,40 samples contained blaNDM gene,2 samples contained cfr gene,8 samples contained both mcr-1 and blaNDM genes.There were no samples carrying three antibiotic resistance genes detected.The results indica-ted that the triplex fluorescence quantitative PCR method established in this experiment had the advantages of high sensitivity,specificity and stability.It was suitable for rapid detection of blaNDM,mcr-1 and cfr antibiotic resistance genes in clinical practice.It provided a convenient and quick method basis for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes.

Objectives:To analyze the disease burden and trends of ischemic stroke attributable to major metabolic risk factors in China from 1990 to 2021,and provide a basis for disease prevention and management.Methods:Based on the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 data,we compared the age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate(ASDR)of ischemic stroke attributable to major metabolic risk factors(including overweight/obesity,hypertension,elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low bone density,hyperglycemia,and impaired renal function)in China and globally,and estimated their time trends through estimated annual percentage change(EAPC).We also analyzed the number of deaths,mortality rate,disability adjusted life year(DALY),and DALY rate of ischemic stroke attributable to major metabolic risk factors in China from 1990 to 2021,and compared the epidemiological differences among different gender and age groups.Results:From 1990 to 2021,the disease burden of ischemic stroke attributable to major metabolic risk factors in China showed a slight upward trend(1990 to 2005)and then gradually decreased,with a relatively small overall decline.,while the global disease burden showed a decreasing trend.In 2021,the ASMR and ASDR of ischemic stroke attributable to major metabolic risk factors in China were 48.11/100 000 and 898.35/100 000(EAPC[95%CI]were-0.24%[-1.13%to 0.66%]and-0.25%[-1.00%to 0.51%]),respectively,both higher than the global average levels(33.96/100 000 and 651.46/100 000,EAPC[95%CI]were-1.75%[-2.03%to 1.47%]and-1.49%[-1.74%to-1.23%],respectively).Compared with 1990,the actual mortality rate and DALY rate of ischemic stroke attributable to major metabolic risk factors in China increased by 139.60%and 110.53%respectively in 2021.There are gender differences in the disease burden of ischemic stroke attributable to major metabolic risk factors in China,with significantly higher death numbers,mortality rates,DALY,and DALY rates in males compared to females.At the age level,DALY and DALY rates were both higher in individuals aged 15-49,DALY increased but DALY rates decreased in individuals aged 50-69.DALY surged in individuals aged 70 and above,male DALY rates showed increasing trend and female DALY rates showed slightly decreasing trend.Conclusions:The disease burden of ischemic stroke in China is significantly affected by metabolic risk factors.Although prevention and control have achieved certain positive results,the overall disease burden in China is higher than that of the world,and precise intervention strategies need to be developed for different genders and ages in China.

Objective To investigate the impact of smoking cessation on high-resolution compu-ted tomography(HRCT)phenotypes in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and its relationship with the frequency of acute exacerbations.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 237 smokers with COPD who could cooperate with a 1-year follow-up.Among them,160 patients underwent a comprehensive 1-year smoking cessation intervention,and were divided into smoking cessation failure group(87 patients)and smoking cessation success group(73 patients)based on whether they successfully quited smoking.The remaining 77 smokers with COPD who did not receive smoking cessation intervention were designated as smoking group.HRCT phenotypes,total lung volume(TLV),total emphysema volume(TEV),emphysema index(EI)and the number of acute exacerbation at different time points were compared among the three groups.Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between smoking cessation and the number of acute exac-erbations.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of A phenotype patients among the three groups before intervention and at 3 and 6 months of intervention(P＞0.05).At the 9th and 12th months of intervention,the proportion of patients with A phenotype in the smoking group was lower than that in the smoking cessation failure group and smoking cessation success group(P＜0.05).Before the intervention and at the 3rd,6th and 9th months of interven-tion,there were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of patients with E phenotype among the three groups(P＞0.05).Before intervention and at the 3rd and 6th months of interven-tion,there were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of patients with M phenotype among the three groups(P＞0.05).At the 9th and 12th months of intervention,the proportion of patients with M phenotype in the smoking group was higher than that in the smoking cessation failure group and smoking cessation success group(P＜0.05).Before intervention,there were no statisti-cally significant differences in TLV,TEV and EI among the three groups(P＞0.05).One year af-ter the intervention,TLV,TEV and El in the smoking cessation failure group and smoking cessation success group were lower than those in the smoking group(P＜0.05).At the 3rd,6th,9th and 12th months of intervention,the number of acute exacerbations in the the smoking cessation failure group and smoking cessation success group was less than that in the smoking group(P＜0.05).At the 9th and 12th months of intervention,the number of acute exacerbation in the smoking cessation success group was less than that in the smoking cessation failure group(P＜0.05).The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that smoking cessation was negatively correlated with the number of acute exacerbation in smokers with COPD(P＜0.05),and this negative correlation gradually in-creased with the extension of smoking cessation duration.Conclusion Smoking cessation can im-prove HRCT phenotypes and effectively reduce the number of acute exacerbation in smokers with COPD.

Objective To analyze the difference of diseases between the coal mine workers and the general population inpatients by the disease spectrum in Datong City. Methods A total of 282 639 hospitalized patients in Datong City in 2023 were included as the study subjects. Participants were divided into a general population group and a coal mine workers group based on health insurance types, with 247 897 and 34 742 cases, respectively. The disease spectrum of participants in both groups was coded and analyzed according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10). The standardized constituent ratios of disease categories were calculated and compared between the two groups. Results Patients aged 60-<70 years had the largest standardized proportion in both cohorts (29.02% in the general population group and 33.08% in coal mine workers group). Circulatory system diseases had the highest standardized proportion in both groups. Within the top six disease categories ranked by standardized composition ratio in the coal mine workers, three demonstrated a higher burden, including neoplasms (C00-D48), symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical/laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99), and factors influencing health status/contact with health services (Z00-Z99), compared with the general population (11.82% vs 10.44%, 12.99% vs 8.03%, and 6.17% vs 2.04%, respectively). In both groups, male workers had higher standardized constituent ratios of circulatory, respiratory, and digestive system diseases than females (coal mine workers group, 19.53% vs 14.31%, 13.56% vs 9.10%, 10.61% vs 8.43%; general population group, 26.15% vs 22.42%, 15.45% vs 11.87%, 11.52% vs 10.41%). Conversely, the ratios for conditions classified under symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical/laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99). and factors influencing health status/contact with health services (Z00-Z99) were higher in females than males (coal mine workers group, 13.31% vs 12.68%, 7.26% vs 5.13%; general population group, 8.91% vs 7.18%, 2.35% vs 1.74%). Mental and behavioral disorders (F00-F99) were most prevalent in the 22-<50-year age group in the general population (9.92%) and in the 50-<60-year age group in coal mine workers (8.58%). The standardized proportion of respiratory system diseases ranked first in≥80-year age workers in general population group and coal mine workers group (29.54% and 26.46%, respectively). Regarding specific malignancies, unspecified malignant neoplasm of the bronchus or lung was the most common cancer among males in both groups (3.44% and 3.62%). Among females, the standardized proportion of unspecified malignant neoplasm of breast was higher in coal mine workers group than in the general population group (2.60% vs 2.09%). Conclusion Neoplasms, abnormal symptoms, and mental health disorders should be prioritized in disease prevention strategies for coal mine workers. Greater attention should be paid to mental health screening in younger populations, and medical resource allocation should be optimized according to sex-specific high-incidence cancers.

Tumor treating fields (TTF) therapy is an innovative tumor treatment modality. Currently, the TTF devices predominantly employ insulated ceramic electrodes as the electric field transmission medium, resulting in low energy transfer efficiency of the electric field and poor portability of the devices. This study proposed an innovative TTF transmission mode and independently designed a conducted-electrode TTF cell culture dish utilizing inert titanium materials. The electric field conduction characteristics were verified through finite element simulations and experimental tests. Finally, based on the self-manufactured conducted-electrode TTF cell culture dish, experiments on the proliferation inhibition of U87 tumor cells by TTF were conducted. The results demonstrated that under an applied TTF voltage of 10 V and frequency of 200 kHz, the electric field intensities within the medium for conducted and insulated electrodes are approximately 2.5 V/cm and 0.7 V/cm, respectively. Compared to conventional insulated TTF systems, the conducted-electrode TTF configuration exhibited a lower electrode voltage drop and a higher electric field intensity in the culture medium, indicating superior electric field transmission efficiency. Following 36 hours of treatment with conducted-electrode TTF on U87 cells, the proliferation inhibition rate reached approximately 50%, demonstrating effective suppression of tumor cell growth. This approach presents a potential direction for optimizing TTF treatment modality and device design.
Humans ; Electrodes ; Neoplasms/pathology* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/radiation effects* ; Electric Stimulation Therapy/methods* ; Electromagnetic Fields

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.004.].

Objective To explore the medication rules and therapeutic principles of Zhang Jingyue's miscarriage prevention therapies based on data mining technique and literature analysis.Methods The prescription data recorded in the chapter about pregnancy and fetal development from the volume of Women's Diseases in Jing Yue Quan Shu(Jingyue's Complete Works)were collected to establish a database.Frequency analysis,association analysis,and cluster analysis of the herbal medicines from the prescriptions for preventing miscarriage were performed using SPSS Modeler 18.0 and SPSS Statistics 26.0 to investigate Zhang's medication rules.Additionally,discussions on miscarriage prevention in the chapter about pregnancy and fetal development were systematically reviewed to summarize his therapeutic principles.Results A total of 76 miscarriage-prevention prescriptions involving 102 herbal medicinals were analyzed.Among them,26 high-frequency herbal medicinals(used≥5 times)were identified,and primarily belonged to the tonifying deficiency category(11 medicinals).Association analysis revealed 10 association rules with high support,such as"Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma→Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma"and"Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle→Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma".The network graph of drug association presented high-correlation herbs including Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Poria,Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,and Angelicae Sinensis Radix.Cluster analysis yielded four core prescription groups:(1)Ziziphi Spinosae Semen,Polygalae Radix,Dioscoreae Rhizoma,and Corni Fructus;(2)Paeoniae Radix Alba,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Poria,and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium;(3)Rehmanniae Radix,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,and Scutellariae Radix;(4)Pinelliae Rhizoma,Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex,Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens,and Jujubae Fructus.Zhang's therapeutic principles for preventing miscarriage were as follows:(1)treating primary diseases together by preventing miscarriage;(2)monthly-specific cultivation of the fetus to preemptively address deficiencies;(3)emphasis on maternal health to consolidate fetal vitality;(4)strict adherence to medication and dietary contraindications and lifestyle management during pregnancy.Conclusion Zhang Jingyue's miscarriage-prevention principles emphasize etiological diagnosis with dual focus on treating primary diseases and preventing miscarriage.His therapies prioritize replenishing qi and blood,skillfully regulating spleen-stomach function and qi movement by employing special and mild herbs and prescribing simplified and flexible formulas.These medication rules and therapeutic principles may provide valuable references for modern miscarriage-prevention strategies.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have mostly performed biomechanical analysis of early fracture healing by ignoring muscle loading and using simplified femoral loading. Nevertheless,the biomechanical effects of muscle loading on early fracture healing are still uncertain.OBJECTIVE:To construct various femoral loading models allows for the study of the biomechanical effects of muscle loading on fracture healing,enabling clinicians to gain a deeper understanding of the biomechanical process of fracture healing and to optimize treatment protocols.METHODS:The AnyBody Modeling System software was employed to construct a personalized human musculoskeletal system,which was then analyzed by simulation in order to obtain the musculoskeletal loading model in vivo. This model,along with the femur loading model constructed using the improved simplified loading method and the simplified loading method,was utilized as boundary conditions for the finite element inputs,which were used to analyze the locking compression plate stress-strain and interfragmentary strain in the standing condition,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The locking compression plate stresses and strains and interfragmentary strains obtained from the musculoskeletal method were,respectively,31.9％,38.9％,and 19.5％ smaller than those obtained from the simplified loading method. (2) A comparison of the musculoskeletal method with the modified simplified loading method revealed that the neglect of muscle loading resulted in an overestimation of locking compression plate stress and strain,as well as interfragmentary strain,by 16.8％,14.3％,and 19.5％,respectively. Muscle loading did not have a significant effect on the magnitude of the shear motion of the fracture block,whereas it did have a significant effect on the direction of motion. (3) The results indicated that the simplified femoral loading and the method of ignoring muscle loading exhibited some deviation from the musculoskeletal loading situation. Consequently,it is necessary to consider the biomechanical effects of muscle loading in the study of fracture healing.