OBJECTIVE To identify the quality markers （Q-Markers） of Hyssopus cuspidatus against airway remodeling in bronchial asthma （referred to as “asthma”）， an d to provide a reference for the quality control research of H. cuspidatus based on pharmacodynamic activity. METHODS Potential active components and action targets of H. cuspidatus were screened by network pharmacology method. Using human airway smooth muscle cells （HASMCs） as objects， airway remodeling cell model was induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB （PDGF-BB）； validation test was then performed for anti-asthmatic effects of H. cuspidatus and the potential active components. HPLC method was employed to establish the fingerprints of 14 batches of H. cuspidatus samples， and chemometric analysis was also conducted. Combined with the results of pharmacodynamic experiments and fingerprint analysis， the Q-Markers of H. cuspidatus against airway remodeling in asthma were determined. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS Network pharmacology analysis showed that the potential active components of H. cuspidatus against asthma might be flavonoids and phenolic acids such as luteolin， quercetin and rosmarinic acid， and the core anti-asthmatic targets were interleukin-6， mitogen-activated protein kinase， etc. In vitro experimental results confirmed that 25， 50， 100 μg/mL of H. cuspidatus ， as well as neochlorogenic acid （80 μmol/L）， acacetin （80 μmol/L）， salvianolic acid B （40 μmol/L） and quercetin-3- O - β -D-glucuronide （80 μmol/L）， significantly reduced the cell viability induced by PDGF-BB， inhibited cell proliferation， migration， and the phosphorylation level of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2， decreased the levels of interleukin-6， tumor necrosis factor-α and reactive oxygen species， and generally arrested cells in the G 0 /G 1 phase （ P ＜0.05）. Fingerprint analysis showed that there were 27 common peaks in the fingerprints of the 14 batches of H. cuspidatus samples， with 15 compounds （including luteolin） identified， and the similarities of fingerprints were all greater than 0.8. The 14 batches of samples could be divided into three categories： S1-S7 as one category， S8-S13 as one category， and S14 as one category. The variable importance in the projection values of rosmarinic acid， chlorogenic acid， caffeic acid， salvigenin， luteolin， ferulic acid， quercetin-3- O - β -D-glucuronide， and the components corresponding to peaks 5 and 8 were greater than 1， indicating they were potential differential markers affecting quality. Integrating network pharmacology， in vitro experimental validation， and chemometric analysis， rosmarinic acid， neochlorogenic acid， caffeic acid， salvigenin， luteolin， ferulic acid， quercetin-3- O - β -D-glucuronide， acacetin， salvianolic acid B and chlorogenic acid may be the Q-Markers of H. cuspidatus against asthma.

Objective: To investigate the association between metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and bone mineral density among children and adolescents, so as to provide evidence for the early prevention and intervention of bone health in this population. Methods: In September 2022, a method combining convenience sampling with cluster sampling was used to select 5 089 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in 9 schools from kindergarten to senior high school in Tongzhou District, Beijing, for physical measurements, ultrasound measurements, blood biochemical index testing, and questionnaire surveys. Participants were categorized into three groups: the normal control group ( n =1 515), the metabolic abnormality group (MA, n = 3 007 ), and the MASLD group ( n =567). Multivariable linear regression model was applied to examine the association between MASLD and bone speed of sound (SOS), while multivariable Logistic regression model was used to assess the association between MASLD and low bone mineral density. Subgroup analysis was conducted by sex and age groups. Results: Compared with the normal control group, the MASLD group showed significantly lower SOS values ( β =-6.31, 95% CI =-9.63 to -2.99), lower SOS Z scores ( β = -0.21, 95% CI =-0.32 to -0.10), and higher susceptibility to low bone mineral density( OR =1.56, 95% CI =1.25-1.96)（all P <0.05）. No significant differences in SOS or odds of low bone density were observed between the MA and normal control groups (all P > 0.05). In sex stratified analyses, males with MASLD exhibited significantly lower SOS Z scores ( β =-0.35, 95% CI =-0.49 to -0.20 , P <0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed in females with MASLD ( β =-0.03, 95% CI =-0.21-0.15; P >0.05). When hepatic steatosis grade (0, 1, 2, and 3) was treated as a continuous variable, each one grade increase was associated with a 31% higher odds of low bone mineral density ( OR =1.31, 95% CI =1.13 to 1.53, P <0.05). Conclusions MASLD is significantly associated with low bone mineral density among children and adolescents, with a stronger association in males. Moreover, children and adolescents with hepatic steatosis have a higher risk of impaired bone health compared with those with metabolic abnormalities alone.

Objective:To systematically review the progress in the method development and application of distributed learning in the estimation of epidemiological effect and provide methodological reference for multi-center studies.Methods:We conducted a literature retrieval for English papers published up to December 31, 2023 by using keywords of "health/medical big data" and "distributed/federated learning". After consulting experts, we set criteria of paper inclusion and exclusion and created a framework for data extraction. We collected information about basic study details, including method, application, and evaluation. Two researchers independently screened the papers and extracted information. We used EndNote 20 for the management of literatures and EpiData for the management of data.Results:A total of 3 444 papers were collected, and 29 papers were included in the final analysis. Most of the papers (25, 86.2%) were published in or after 2019, and the papers were mainly from the United States (21/29, 72.4%). For the estimation of epidemiological effects, 22 distributed learning methods had been developed, including methods for logistic regression (8), Cox regression (8), Poisson regression (2), and generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) (4), as well as three platforms for distributed analysis (VLP, Vantage6, AusCAT). The 29 papers described 45 applications, with 20 (44.4%) focusing on the establishment of prediction model and 25 (55.6%) on association analysis. Importantly, except for GLMM, current distributed learning methods can estimate effects with little bias in 1-3 rounds of communication. These methods show less bias compared with meta-analysis, especially in the address of data heterogeneity and rare outcomes. However, less studies examined how differences in data structure and sparse data affect results, an area that requires further research.Conclusion:While distributed learning shows promise in epidemiological effect estimation, it is still in early development, requiring further research on data heterogeneity handling and communication efficiency improvement.

Objective: To explore the active components, key targets, and mechanism of action of turnip in alleviating pulmonary fibrosis(PF) based on network pharmacology and animal experiments. Methods: The active components and targets of Brassica rapa L. were screened using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform database, and PF-related targets were obtained from disease databases such as online mendelian inheritance of man(OMIM) and DrugBank. The intersection targets were used to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network to identify core targets, followed by gene oncology(GO)/Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. In the animal experiments, a bleomycin-induced PF mouse model was established. Pathological changes in lung tissue were evaluated using HE and Masson staining. qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K), and akstrain transforming 1(AKT1), and immunofluorescence staining was used to measure the protein expression of TNF-α, PI3K, and AKT1. Results: The 68 active components identified in Brassica rapa L. may regulate PI3K-Akt signaling pathway by acting on 89 potential targets such as TNF-α and AKT1. The results of animal experiments showed that polysaccharide of Brassica rapa L.(BRPs) could significantly reduce the degree of bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice; HE and Masson staining of lung tissue showed that compared with the model group, the damage of alveolar structure, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the deposition of collagen fibers in the BRPs treatment group were significantly reduced. Further mechanism studies showed that BRPs could significantly down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α, PI3K and AKT1 in lung tissue of pulmonary fibrosis mice. Conclusion Brassica rapa L. can synergistically alleviate pulmonary fibrosis through “multi-component, multi-target and multi-channel” approach; BRPs is one of the main active components, and plays an anti-fibrosis role by inhibiting TNF-α/PI3K Akt signaling pathway.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics and changes of febrile seizure(FS)among children under 6 years old in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2021.Methods:Based on the Ningbo Regional Health Information Platform,a dynamic cohort was established using vacci-nation registration information,and the cases of FS were identified by the diagnostic results of Chinese terms or International Classification of Diseases 10th revision(ICD-10)R56.0 code in the electronic medical records.The first visit of FS during the observation period was defined as a new case,and a re-currence case was defined as the case with a visit interval of more than 7 days.The 95％confidence in-terval(CI)of FS incidence density was calculated by the Poisson distribution.Results:From January 2015 to June 2020,there were 1.3 million children under 6 years old in Ningbo,with male accounting for 52.87％.The median follow-up time was 2.83(1.55-4.00)years.During the follow-up period,12 776 new onset cases had FS,with more males than females,with an overall incidence density of 4.34(95％CI:4.27-4.40)/1 000 person-years and a recurrence rate of 21.63％.There was a higher inci-dence density in children who were male,born in Ningbo and of non-mobility.The incidence density of FS was higher in urban areas than in rural and rural-urban fringe areas,and the incidence density was different among districts and counties.The peak density was found in children aged 18-23 months[8.42(95％CI:8.11-8.74)/1 000 person-years].From 2015 to 2019,the incidence density in-creased with calendar year(Ptrend＜0.001),and the highest was 5.62(95％CI:5.43-5.81)/1 000 person-years.The incidence density of FS decreased significantly during the period between 2020 and 2021.The incidence density was higher in winter.Conclusion:From 2015 to 2019,the overall inci-dence density of FS in children under 6 years old in Ningbo City presented an increasing trend.More at-tention should be paid to the health education,the improvement of the health maintenance model,the en-hancement of the cognition of FS,the identification and treatment of FS among high-risk population and regions so as to prevent its recurrence and reduce the disease burden during the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)epide-mic.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of Hashimoto thyroiditis(HT)and Graves disease(GD),two autoimmune thyroid diseases aged 10-59 in Qingdao City from 2022 to 2024,and to provide scientific basis for making targeted prevention and treatment measures.Methods:A cross-sectional study design was adopted,based on the data of the Regional Health Information Platform in Qingdao,the con-firmed cases of HT and GD from 2022 to 2024 were included,and combined with the data of the seventh population census,the three-year and annual prevalence rates of HT and GD were calculated,and the time trend of annual prevalence was analyzed by Cochran-Armitage trend test.The distribution characte-ristics of HT and GD prevalence in different age groups and regions were analyzed,and Chi-square test was used to compare the differences between the groups.Results:The total number of HT patients among women aged 10-59 in Qingdao City from 2022 to 2024 was 40 362.The proportion of HT patients in 30-34 years old was the highest(19.83％).The proportion of HT patients in Huangdao District was the highest(17.72％).The three-year prevalence of HT was 1 206.53/100 000.In 2022-2024,the annual prevalence of HT increased significantly(P＜0.001),from 385.32/100 000 in 2022 to 1 206.32/100 000 in 2024.The three-year prevalence of HT was significantly different in age distribution(P＜0.001).The three-year prevalence of HT in 25-29 years(2 354.44/100 000)and 35-39 years(2 022.20/100 000)was higher than that in other age groups,showing a bimodal distribution.There were significant differences in the three-year prevalence of HT in different regions(P＜0.001),among which the three-year prevalence of HT in Shinan District was the highest(2 392.90/100 000),followed by Licang Dis-trict(1 492.41/100 000),and Laixi City was the lowest(659.940/100 000).The total number of GD patients was 2 095,among which the proportion of GD patients in the 35-39 age group was the highest(15.42％),and the proportion of GD patients from Jimo District was the highest(12.27％).From 2022 to 2024,the three-year prevalence rate of GD was 62.63/100 000,and the annual prevalence rate of GD showed an increasing trend(P＜0.001),from 20.33/100 000 in 2022 to 62.63/100 000 in 2024.There were significant differences in the prevalence of GD by age(P＜0.001).The three-year prevalence of GD reached the highest value in the 25-29 age group(98.90/100 000),followed by the 35-39 age group(85.21/100 000),and the lowest in the 10-14 age group(14.43/100 000).In the regional distribution,there were significant differences in the 3-year prevalence of GD(P＜0.001).Laoshan District had the highest three-year prevalence of GD(107.58/100 000),followed by Shinan District(97.83/100 000)and Huangdao District(28.92/100 000).Conclusion:The three-year pre-valence of HT and GD in females aged 10-59 years in Qingdao City from 2022 to 2024 is low,but the annual prevalence is on the rise,and the three-year prevalence of HT and GD in females aged 25-39 years is higher than that in other age groups,so it is necessary to strengthen the screening and monitoring of this population.

Objective Establishment of quality standards for Xiaoyan Muniziqi granules(XYMNZQG).Methods The qualitative identification of Cuscutae Semen and Dracocephalum moldavia in the preparation was carried out,and the content of hyperin and tilianin in the preparation was determined.Results The qualitative results of Cuscutae Semen and Dracocephalum moldavia in XYMNZQG were clear.The linear ranges of hyperin and tilianin were 11.932 2-95.457 6 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9)and 25.281 78-202.254 24 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 4),respectively.The average recoveries were 99.11%and 99.52%,with RSDs of 0.47%and 0.72%(n=6).Conclusion The established quality control method is simple,reliable,and specific,and can be used for the quality control of XYMNZQG.

Objective:To investigate the clinical outcomes and prognosis of patients with HBV associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) after liver lobectomy.Methods:113 HBV infected HCC patients (HBV HCC group), 113 HCC patients with concomitant NAFLD (NAFLD-HCC group) and 113 HCC patients with concomitant HBV infection and NAFLD (HBV/NAFLD-HCC group) who underwent liver lobectomy at Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College from Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2021 were selected. All patients underwent radical liver lobectomy and were followed up every 3 months from the date of discharge. The clinical pathological parameters, surgical related indicators, postoperative complications, short-term and long-term prognosis of three groups of patients were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors related to overall survival of HBV/NAFLD-HCC patients.Results:①Compared with patients in HBV-HCC group and NAFLD-HCC group, body mass index, ratio of combined basic diseases (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes), and maximum tumor diameter of patients in HBV/NAFLD-HCC group were significantly higher ( P<0.05). While the proportion of patients with liver cirrhosis in HBV HCC group was significantly higher than that in NAFLD-HCC group and HBV/NAFLD-HCC group ( P<0.05). ②There was no significant statistical difference ( P>0.05) among three groups of patients in terms of intraoperative vascular occlusion time, surgical time, intraoperative bleeding volume, blood transfusion volume, or postoperative hospitalization time. ③Compared with HBV-HCC and NAFLD-HCC groups, the incidence of postoperative complications (including postoperative bleeding, liver failure after hepatectomy, biliary fistula, subphrenic effusion, and pleural effusion) and the number of perioperative deaths in HBV/NAFLD-HCC group were significantly higher ( P<0.05). ④Compared with HBV-HCC group and NAFLD-HCC group, the postoperative recurrence rate of HBV/NAFLD-HCC group was significantly higher ( P<0.05), and the overall survival and relapse-free survival of HBV/NAFLD-HCC group were significantly shortened ( P<0.05). ⑤Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, cirrhosis, and the largest tumor diameter were risk factors affecting the overall survival of HBV/NAFLD-HCC patients ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Compared with patients in HBV-HCC and NAFLD-HCC group, HBV/NAFLD-HCC patients have poorer postoperative complications and prognosis. Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, cirrhosis, and tumor maximum diameter are risk factors affecting the overall survival of HBV/NAFLD-HCC patients.

Objective To investigate a rapid detection method for compressed Nitrous oxide(N2O).Methods The GC-MS system was employed under conventional chromatographic conditions(without replacing standard columns or utilizing headspace sampling)by directly injecting a small gas sample for analysis.N2O identification was performed via NIST spectral library matching,while qualitative and quantitative purity assessments were achieved by monitoring the relative abundance variation of the characteristic fragment ion m/z 30 to eliminate CO2 interference.Results The fragment ion m/z 30 demonstrated specificity for N2O identification.A linear correlation was observed between the peak area of m/z 30 and N2O purity(y=22.741x-1.4565,R2=0.912 6),enabling quantitative purity determination.Additionally,the abundance of m/z30 exhibited a correlation with N2O in CO2 mixtures(y=0.7787x-0.0387,R2=0.722 2).Conclusion Conventional N2O identification typically requires dedicated GC-MS systems,gas-specific chromatographic columns,and headspace sampling.This study successfully utilized routine chromatographic conditions for organic toxicant screening to achieve rapid N2O analysis.The proposed method holds practical significance for compressed N2O identification in forensic and analytical applications.

Objective:To explore the association between sleep and myopia among students aged 6-15 years in Tianjin.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 218 864 primary and secondary school students aged 6-15 years in Tianjin were recruited from January 2023 to May 2023.Basic information and responses to the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) were collected.Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between myopia and sleep.The study followed the Declaration of Helsinki, and the research protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital (No.ChiCTR2200065710). All questionnaires and demographic information were collected with parental consent.Results:It was found that 68 121(31.12%) students were myopic and 178 514(81.56%) had sleep disorders.The prevalence of myopia among students with average daily sleep durations of ≤8 hours, >8-9 hours, >9-10 hours, and >10 hours was 52.17%(9 288/17 803), 35.35%(31 037/87 787), 25.18%(24 481/97 216), and 20.64% (3 315/16 058), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=6 835.649, P<0.001). After adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, and potential confounding factors, compared with students with average daily sleep duration of >10 hours, students with average daily sleep durations of ≤8 hours ( OR=1.496, 95% CI: 1.415-1.581, P<0.001), >8-9 hours ( OR=1.364, 95% CI: 1.383-1.447, P<0.001), and >9-10 hours ( OR=1.257, 95% CI: 1.202-1.316, P<0.001) had a higher risk of myopia.Students with sleep disorders, bedtime resistance, sleep-onset delay, irregular sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night wakings, parasomnias, sleep-disordered breathing, and daytime sleepiness were more likely to be myopic. Conclusions:Sleep is a key factor influencing myopia among schoolchildren aged 6-15 years in Tianjin.