Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of rutaecarpine on Helicobacter pylori(Hp)-induced chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG).Methods An Hp-induced CAG rat model was established.Successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into model group,low-dose rutaecarpine group,medium-dose rutaecarpine group,and high-dose rutaecarpine group,with 12 rats in each group.An additional 12 rats served as the normal control group.Body mass changes were recorded before and after treatment.Gastric mucosal histopathology was analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Levels of inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10)in gastric mucosal supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),cluster of differentiation 86(CD86),arginase 1(Arg-1),and mannose receptor(CD206)in gastric mucosal tissues were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).Protein expression levels of nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)pathway-related proteins were determined by Western Blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group exhibited disorganized gastric mucosal epithelium,reduced glandular structures in the lamina propria,significant inflammatory cell infiltration,and elevated gastric mucosal histopathology scores.TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-10 levels in gastric mucosal supernatants,iNOS and CD86 mRNA expression,and phosphorylated NF-κB inhibitor α(p-IκBα)and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 subunit(p-p65)protein levels were significantly increased,while Arg-1 and CD206 mRNA expression were significantly decreased,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,medium-and high-dose rutaecarpine treatment reduced inflammatory cell infiltration,restored cellular arrangement,increased glandular structures in the lamina propria,and significantly lowered gastric mucosal histopathology scores,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-10 levels,iNOS and CD86 mRNA expression,and p-p65 and p-IκBα protein expression were significantly reduced,whereas Arg-1 and CD206 mRNA expression were significantly increased,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05),with dose-dependent effects.Conclusion Rutaecarpine ameliorates Hp-induced CAG by modulating macrophage polarization and attenuating inflammatory responses,likely through downregulation of p-p65 and p-IκBα expression and subsequent inhibition of NF-κB pathway activation.

Objective To optimize the preparation process of Swertia patens,Burk.standard decoction and establish its quality standard by using the quality by design(QbD)concept.Methods Critical Quality Attributes(CQAs)were predicted and analyzed according to the quality marker(Q-marker)theory of traditional Chinese medicine;Failure mode and effects analysis(FMEA)was used to screen critical process parameters(CPPs);The measurement method of key quality attributes was established;The extraction process was optimized by Box Behnken test after the preliminary range was determined according to the single factor test;The entropy method was used for comprehensive scoring;The design space was established and the optimal operation space for process validation was selected;Standard decoction of Swertia patens Burk in fifteen batches with different habitats were prepared with the best technology,and the quality standards for the extraction rate,extract,thin layer chromatography,fingerprint,content,and the content transfer rate were established finally.Results The key quality attributes were swertiamarin content,gentiopicrin content,and paste yield;The key process parameters were soaking time,water amount,and decocting time;The established model had statistical significance;The optimum conditions were as follows:soaking time 90 min,adding water 15 times,decocting time 30 min(second decocting 20 min);The paste yield was 21.13％-30.73％;The extract was 82.00％-88.00％;The spot of swertiamarin was clear in TLC;The similarity between each samples in 15 batches and reference atlas were＞0.85％;The content of swertiamarin was 250.64-385.21 mg·g-1,and the transfer rate was 43.76％-77.73％;The content of gentiopicrin was 0.69-2.70 mg·g-1,and the transfer rate was 56.02％-105.29％.Conclusion Based on the above methods and techniques,the preparation process of Swertia patens Burk.The standard decoction was screened,which provides a reference for the preparation development and quality control of its formula granules.

Objectives:to analyze the efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for complex left main(LM)lesions combined with chronic total occlusion(CTO)of the right coronary artery. Methods:Ninety patients with complex left main lesions hospitalized in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were consecutively included.According to the coronary angiographic vascular lesions,patients were divided into complex left main lesions combined with right coronary artery CTO(observation group,n=30)and complex left main lesions without right coronary artery CTO(control group,n=60).The baseline clinical data,intraoperative conditions,angiographic results,and postoperative follow-up results of the patients were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results:Fifty-eight(64.4%)out of the 90 patients were male.There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of baseline clinical data(all P>0.05),left main lesion condition(P=1.000),left main calcification condition(P=0.249),and preoperative TIMI flow grading(P=1.000).In the comparison between observation group and the control group,intraoperative occurrence of no-reflow(3.3%vs.5.0%,P=1.000),hypotension(10.0%vs.8.3%,P=1.000),pericardial effusion(3.3%vs.0%,P=0.333),the percentage of intravascular ultrasound(IVUS)use(86.7%vs.90.0%,P=0.635),and the use of circulatory assist device(P=0.699),and the proportion of intraoperative coronary spinning(26.7%vs.21.7%,P=0.597)were all similar between the two groups.The median follow-up time was 14.50(11.83,15.85)months,and the differences in the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)such as recurrent angina,acute myocardial infarction,rebleeding,readmission for heart failure,and cardiac death(31.0%vs.32.1%,P=1.000)were not statistically significant between the observation group and the control group. Conclusions:PCI revascularization may be a viable approach for elderly patients with complex LM lesions with multiple underlying disease,and combined right coronary artery CTO,intolerance and reluctance to CABG.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents in the rhizoma of Iris dichotoma.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of physiochemical properties and spectral analysis.

RESULTEleven compounds, hispidulin (1), rhamnocitrin (2), iristectorigenin A (3), 4', 5, 7, 8-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxy isoflavone (4), 6-hydroxybiochanin A (5), iristectorin B (6), iristectorigenin A (7), kaempferol-7-methyl ether (8), tamarixetin-7-glucoside (9), iristectorin A (10), 3', 3, 5-trihydroxy-4', 7-dimethoxy-flavone-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (11) were isolated and identified.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-11 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Iris ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; isolation & purification