Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box (TOX), a member of the high mobility group protein super-family, plays an important role in T cell development, functional maintenance, and exhaustion. It has been recently found that TOX exerts critical immunoregulatory functions during pathogen infections, and TOX expression is strongly associated with the intensity and tolerance of host immune responses. This review systematically summarizes the structural and functional features of TOX and focuses on its expression dynamics, mechanisms of action, and immunomodulatory effects during viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections, which provides a theoretical support to better understanding of the role of TOX in infectious diseases and provides new insights into development of potential immunotherapeutic strategies targeting TOX.

AIM:This study aims to investigate the expression and prognostic value of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C(UBE2C)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and to explore its impact on cancer stemness and the regulato-ry mechanisms.METHODS:(1)The TCGA and GEO databases were used to analyze UBE2C mRNA expression levels in HCC tissues and their correlation with prognosis using bioinformatics techniques,and these findings were further vali-dated in postoperative specimens from 107 HCC patients.The GEPIA database was used to analyze the correlation be-tween UBE2C and steroid receptor coactivator(SRC).(2)The CCK8,colony formation,wound healing,and spheroid formation assays were used to assess the effects of UBE2C on HCC cell proliferation,migration,and stemness.The inter-action between UBE2C and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),as well as its regulatory mecha-nism,was examined by Western blot and co-immunoprecipitation assays.(3)The subcutaneous xenograft model in nude mice was employed to validate the role of UBE2C in tumor growth in vivo.RESULTS:(1)Bioinformatics analysis re-vealed that UBE2C expression was significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues(P<0.05 in TCGA,and P<0.01 in GEO).Consistently,analysis of HCC specimens confirmed that high UBE2C expression was associated with shortened overall survival and disease-free survival of HCC patients(P<0.05).Furthermore,analysis using the GEPIA database revealed a positive correlation between UBE2C and SRC(P<0.01).(2)In vitro experiments demonstrated that UBE2C significantly promotes the proliferation and migration of HCC cells.Based on these findings,we presumed that UBE2C may regulate the phosphorylation of STAT3 at the Y705 site by modulating SRC activity,thereby in-fluencing the stemness characteristics of tumor cells.(3)In vivo experiments further confirmed that UBE2C inhibition sig-nificantly suppressed tumor growth.CONCLUSION:The UBE2C promoted proliferation and migration of HCC cells and regulated the stemness of HCC cells by interacting with STAT3.

Objective To extract the core elements and connotation definitions of the concept of organizational resilience of County Medical Community (CMC),in order to explore effective ways to enhance the organizational resilience of CMC.Methods Based on the Atomic spectrum,as of October 31,2023,52 articles related to organizational resilience in the health system were included for concept images extraction,calculating the frequency and occurrence rate of concept images,extracting the concept of organizational resilience in the health system,and deducing the core elements and definitions of the concept of organizational resilience in CMC were derived through the comparison of similarities and differences.Results Although both the healthcare system and the CMC are composite organizations,there are differences in environmental pressure,organizational size,and resource reserves.The concept of organizational resilience of CMC is defined as the advanced process of resilience functions exhibited by CMC in response to emergencies,internal and external threats,and social pressures that constrain the sustainable development of the organization,including redundant preparation,stable recovery,and response to growth,as well as their ability to absorb,adapt,and transform disruptive events.This not only maintains the basic structure and functions of the organization,but also enables the organization to grow against the trend.Conclusion Breaking through the traditional hierarchical structure in terms of structural resilience,achieving a deep integration and coordination mechanism of the medical community horizontally and vertically.Breaking through traditional static planar functions in terms of functional resilience,enhancing the driving force within the medical community through dynamic growth mechanisms.

Objective To extract the core elements and connotation definitions of the concept of organizational resilience of County Medical Community (CMC),in order to explore effective ways to enhance the organizational resilience of CMC.Methods Based on the Atomic spectrum,as of October 31,2023,52 articles related to organizational resilience in the health system were included for concept images extraction,calculating the frequency and occurrence rate of concept images,extracting the concept of organizational resilience in the health system,and deducing the core elements and definitions of the concept of organizational resilience in CMC were derived through the comparison of similarities and differences.Results Although both the healthcare system and the CMC are composite organizations,there are differences in environmental pressure,organizational size,and resource reserves.The concept of organizational resilience of CMC is defined as the advanced process of resilience functions exhibited by CMC in response to emergencies,internal and external threats,and social pressures that constrain the sustainable development of the organization,including redundant preparation,stable recovery,and response to growth,as well as their ability to absorb,adapt,and transform disruptive events.This not only maintains the basic structure and functions of the organization,but also enables the organization to grow against the trend.Conclusion Breaking through the traditional hierarchical structure in terms of structural resilience,achieving a deep integration and coordination mechanism of the medical community horizontally and vertically.Breaking through traditional static planar functions in terms of functional resilience,enhancing the driving force within the medical community through dynamic growth mechanisms.

AIM:This study aims to investigate the expression and prognostic value of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C(UBE2C)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and to explore its impact on cancer stemness and the regulato-ry mechanisms.METHODS:(1)The TCGA and GEO databases were used to analyze UBE2C mRNA expression levels in HCC tissues and their correlation with prognosis using bioinformatics techniques,and these findings were further vali-dated in postoperative specimens from 107 HCC patients.The GEPIA database was used to analyze the correlation be-tween UBE2C and steroid receptor coactivator(SRC).(2)The CCK8,colony formation,wound healing,and spheroid formation assays were used to assess the effects of UBE2C on HCC cell proliferation,migration,and stemness.The inter-action between UBE2C and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),as well as its regulatory mecha-nism,was examined by Western blot and co-immunoprecipitation assays.(3)The subcutaneous xenograft model in nude mice was employed to validate the role of UBE2C in tumor growth in vivo.RESULTS:(1)Bioinformatics analysis re-vealed that UBE2C expression was significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues(P<0.05 in TCGA,and P<0.01 in GEO).Consistently,analysis of HCC specimens confirmed that high UBE2C expression was associated with shortened overall survival and disease-free survival of HCC patients(P<0.05).Furthermore,analysis using the GEPIA database revealed a positive correlation between UBE2C and SRC(P<0.01).(2)In vitro experiments demonstrated that UBE2C significantly promotes the proliferation and migration of HCC cells.Based on these findings,we presumed that UBE2C may regulate the phosphorylation of STAT3 at the Y705 site by modulating SRC activity,thereby in-fluencing the stemness characteristics of tumor cells.(3)In vivo experiments further confirmed that UBE2C inhibition sig-nificantly suppressed tumor growth.CONCLUSION:The UBE2C promoted proliferation and migration of HCC cells and regulated the stemness of HCC cells by interacting with STAT3.

Objective:To explore the application status, research hotspots and frontiers of blended teaching mode in undergraduate nursing education at home and abroad, so as to provide reference for related research.Methods:In Chinese, CNKI, Wanfang Database and VIP, and in English, Web of Science database were used as search sources. CiteSpace was used to conduct a quantitative analysis of the retrieved literatures published from 2008 to 2022.Results:A total of 43 literatures in Chinese and 83 in English were retrieved, and the number of publications showed an overall increasing trend. The research hotspots in China focused on education reform, online learning and curriculum system evaluation, and the research frontiers were network teaching, moral education and humanistic care. Foreign research focused on the choice of education model and emphasizes interaction, and the research frontier were to carry out innovative blended teaching and pay attention to the learning experience and learning environment construction of nursing students.Conclusions:In the future, blended teaching should pay attention to carrying out innovative research and dynamic evaluation and feedback of students' satisfaction. In particular, it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of blended learning competence among nursing teachers, aiming to promote the knowledge and skills of nursing students, and continuously optimize and innovate the application of blended learning in the field of undergraduate nursing education.

Objective To investigate the effect of early glucose metabolism abnormality on skeletal muscle content of young men.Methods 88 males who underwent physical examinations in our hospital from September 2020 to September 2021 were divided into normal blood glucose group(NGT,n=47)and IGR group(n=41),according to their FPG and 2 hPG levels.FPG,FIns and visceral fat area(VFA)were measured.HOMA-IR,HOMA-β,skeletal muscle index(SMI)and body fat ratio(BFR)were calculated.Results Compared with NGT group,the males in IGR group showed elevated BMI,WC,FPG,2 hPG,HOMA-IR and VFA(P＜0.05),but decreased HDL-C and SMI(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that SMI was negatively correlated with BMI,WC,FPG,2 hPG,HOMA-IR,VFA and BFR in young men(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI was the influencing factor of FPG,while SMI was the influencing factor of 2 hPG.Conclusions In young men with abnormal glucose metabolism,the postprandial blood glucose significantly increase with the decrease of skeletal muscle content,and fasting blood glucose is mainly affected by BMI.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of different exercises on executive function, moter skills and core symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using network Meta-analysis, and to provide evidence-based basis for the treatment of children with ADHD.Methods:The randomized controlled trails(RCTs)of exercises on children with ADHD were searched in Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP and CBM databases.The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of each database to May 2023.The Cochrane quality review manual was used to evaluate the quality of the included literatures.Stata 17.0 software was used to perform network Meta-analysis.Results:Finally, twenty-four studies were enrolled including five types of exercise intervention, such as aerobic exercise, multicomponent exercise, exergaming, high intensity interval training (HIIT) and traditional low-to-moderate intensity exercise therapy (TRAD).The results of network Meta-analysis showed that: in terms of improving executive function(working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility), motor skills and core symptoms of children with ADHD, the optimal exercise intervention was aerobic exercises (surface under the cumulative ranking were 78.9%, 73.0%, 88.7%, 77.9% and 69.9% respectively).Conclusion:Exercises can improve executive function, improve motor skills, and alleviate ADHD core symptoms.Aerobic exercise has a better effect on improving executive function, motor skills and core symptoms of ADHD children.

Objective To evaluate the effects of matrine on the inflammatory,oxidative and migratory responses of HaCaT keratinocytes in an in vitro atopic dermatitis(AD)model.Methods HaCaT cells were divided into the control group(no treatment)and the model group(0.05,0.1 and 0.2 mmol/L).HaCaT cells in the model group were stimulated with 10 μg/L tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)/interferon-γ(IFN-γ)for 24 h.Cells in the model group were pretreated with 0.05,0.1 and 0.2 mmol/L matrine for 1 h and then stimulated with 10 μg/L TNF-α/IFN-γ for 24 h.MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of matrine.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent(ELISA)assay was performed to determine levels of cytokines(IL-6,IL-8 and IL-1β)and chemokines(TARC,MDC and RANTES).mRNA expression levels of antioxidant genes were detected by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR).Cell migration was analyzed by scratch closure assay.Immunohistochemistry was commended to analyze the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65.Western blot assay was used to detect the phosphorylation levels of p38,ERK and p65 proteins.Results Compared with the model group,matrine 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/L significantly decreased the expression levels of IL-6,IL-1β,IL-8 and chemokines,and matrine significantly enhanced the expression levels of superoxide dismutase-1(SOD1),SOD2,catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GPx),and promoted scratch wound healing(P＜0.05).In addition,matrine 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/L inhibited the phosphorylation levels of p38,ERK and p65 proteins and the nuclear translocation of p65.Conclusion Matrine possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,and stimulates wound closure in eratinocyte AD model,which may be related to the inhibition of the activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways.

Objective:The response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design were adopted to optimize the preparation for citrus oils β-cyclodextrin microspheres inclusion compound. And the physical characterization and heat stability were evaluated.Methods:The best preparation technology included inverse emulsion polymerization and saturated water solution method, with volatile oil weight ratio and microspheres, microspheres and water feeding ratio, inclusion temperature as impact factors, inclusion rate as the response value, establish regression model,. We explored the orange peel naphtha beta ring paste by microscopy, infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and heat stability test.Results:The best preparation technology included the essential oil with beta ring paste microspheres ( V: m), the ratio of 1:10, beta ring paste small ball and the ratio of water (m: V) for 1:15, and inclusion temperature for 41 ℃. The average encapsulation efficiency and the average rate of yield under optimized conditions were 62.21% and 85.24%, respectively. The physical characterization and thermal stability tests demonstrated that the β-cyclodextrin microsphere inclusion complex of volatile oil from Citrus was successfully prepared and the physical properties were stable. Conclusion:The preparation method of citrus oils β-cyclodextrin microspheres inclusion compound by using the response surface methodology.