Objective:To compare the growth speed of pulmonary artery and left ventricle after the repair of tetralogy of Fallot(TOF) with valve-sparing and transannular patch.Methods:The clinical data of children with tetralogy of Fallot admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to October 2020 were reviewed. According to the way of relieving right ventricular outflow tract stenosis, they were divided into two groups: valve-sparing and transannular patch. Independent sample t test or non- parametric test was used to compare the pulmonary artery and left ventricular growth indexes before operation and at the last follow-up between the two groups. The paired t test was used to compare preoperative and postoperative indexes. Results:A total of 104 children with tetralogy of Fallot, including 58 males and 46 females, had surgery at a median age and weight of 6.7(4.1, 10.3) months and 7.0(5.8, 8.4) kg, respectively. The preoperative Nakata index, McGoon ratio, pulmonary artery Z-score, left ventricular end diastolic volume(LVEDV) index and Z-score in valve-sparing were higher than those in transannular patch( P=0.001, 0.000, 0.003, 0.000, 0.000). At the last follow-up, the Z-scores of pulmonary arteries in both groups were greater than those before operation( P=0.016, 0.000), the LVEDV Z-score in transannular patch was greater than that before surgery( P=0.000), while the LVEDV Z-score of valve-sparing was not significantly different from that before operation( P=0.581), there was no significant difference in pulmonary artery Z-score and LVEDV Z-score between two groups( P=0.468, 0.884). The difference between the last follow-up and preoperative of pulmonary artery Z-score and LVEDV Z-score in valve-sparing was smaller than that in transannular patch( P=0.000, 0.000). Conclusion:Compared with valve-sparing, the pulmonary artery and left ventricle grow faster in transannular patch during the early stage after TOF repair.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of standardized patient programs and standardized patient educators in China, and to analyze the existing problems in the implementation.Methods:Questionnaire survey was used in this study. The questionnaire was made by Delphi method, and distributed via E-mails or through the internet to medical colleges, affiliated hospitals and general hospitals across the country. Microsoft Office Excel 2016 was used for data reduction and analysis and cartography.Results:A total of 94 medical colleges and hospitals of 27 provinces and municipalities participated in the survey, of which 43.62% had carried out standardized patient programs. The primary factor affecting the program implementation was the lack of standardized patient educators. The existing trainers were mainly clinicians or nurses, and the main way of training the educators was to send them to other universities for learning. A majority of respondents (94.68%) think it is necessary to establish and formulate a unified national certification system for standardized patient educators.Conclusion:The development of standardized patient program is unbalanced in China, and the lack of standardized patient educators has become the primary factor restricting the development. In order to make standardized patients a greater role in medical education, we should encourage different types of personnel to join in the standardized patient training team, to clarify the responsibilities of standardized patient educators, to standardize the process of trainers training, and to establish the certification system of standardized patient educators.

Objective: To analyze the etiological characteristics of infectious diarrhea among people under 5 years old in Dongcheng District, Beijing. Methods: The age, time of infection, clinical symptoms and laboratory test results of the cases who didn't used antibiotics within 3 days in the second maternal and child health care hospital were collected from 2012 to 2015, through the information management system of infectious disease monitoring technology platform. To compare the detection rate of virus and bacteria in children with different sex, time and age,and the difference of clinical characteristics between virus detection group and bacteria detection group by chi square test. Results: 1 977 cases of infectious diarrhea were collected, the median of the month age (P₂₅, P₇₅) was 14.19 (8.31, 23.15) months. The virus detection rate was 34.3% (679 cases); the bacterial detection rate was 14.6% (288 cases). The difference of virus detection rate in children with different months was statistically significant (χ²=72.38, P<0.001), the virus detection rate of 24-60 months (40.9% (188/460)) was the hightest, and the detection rate of 0-5 months (15.3% (48/314)) was the lowest. The difference of bacteria detection rate was also statistically significant (χ²=32.67, P<0.001), and the detection rate of 12-17 months (19.0% (81/426)) was the highest, the detection rate of 0-5 months (6.7% (21/314)) was the lowest. The proportion of vomit and water sample in the virus detection group was 22.2% (136 cases) and 73.3% (449 cases), respectively, which were higher than those in bacteria detection group (8.1% (18 cases) and 57.2% (127 cases)), the difference was statistically significant (χ² values were 125.92 and 19.60; P values were both<0.001); the proportion of mucus stool and fever was 0.8% (5 cases) and 14.0% (86 cases), respectively, which were lower than those in bacterial detection group (4.1% (9 cases) and 18.5% (41 cases)), and the difference was statistically significant (χ² values were 8.50 and 23.01; P values were 0.004 and <0.001). Conclusion The virus detection rate of infantile infective diarrhea is higher than that of bacteria in Dongcheng district of Beijing, and the clinical characteristics are significantly different.

Objective: To investigate the effect of hypoxia inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) on regulating CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) and its role in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Methods: HIF-2α-knocked down and HIF-2α-stably overexpressing cells (MHCC97H) were prepared by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and lentivirus transfection, respectively. The expression of CDCP1 protein and mRNA in the above cells was detected by western blot and real-time PCR. The effect of HIF-2α on cell invasion ability was determined by Transwell assay. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of CDCP1 in human HCC tissue samples. Results: Both HIF-2α and CDCP1 were induced under hypoxic conditions. The activation of CDCP1 under hypoxic conditions was dependent on the expression of HIF-2α.When HIF-2α was overexpressed, the mRNA level of CDCP1 was greatly upregulated (5.92±0.28, P<0.05). When HIF-2α was knocked down by siRNA for 48 h and 72 h, the expression of CDCP1 was significantly downregulated (48 h: 0.25±0.04; 72 h: 0.18±0.02, all P<0.05). Moreover, analysis of human HCC samples showed that CDCP1 expression was correlated with tumor-free survival (P<0.05). Conclusions The results of this study indicate that the expression of CDCP1 is regulated by HIF-2α and is correlated with the progression of HCC. Inhibition of HIF-2α/CDCP1 may play certain inhibitory role in the metastasis of HCC.

Objective To explore the MRI features of germ cell tumors in sellar regions for better developing clinical treatment plans.Methods The imaging and pathologic findings of 44 sellar germ cell tumors were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 1 9 germinoma,most of which had clear boundaries,different extents of cystic necrosis and mild peritumoral edema.Lesions were significantly enhanced in contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI).There were 8 cases with mature teratoma,most showed cystic-solid changes,presenting mixed-intensities on T1-weighted images and T2-weighted images.There were 1 1 malignant teratoma(im-mature teratoma and teratoma malformation ),however,there were more parenchymatous tissue in malignant teratoma than mature teratoma.Two yolk sac tumors showed uniform signals on T1-weighted images and T2-weighted images,significant enhancement on CE-MRI,and visibly higher AFP in serum.Two embryonal carcinomas had clear boundary,inhomogeneous intensities,visibly cyst-ic necrosis,median to servere peritumoral edema,the parenchyma showed significant enhancement in CE-MRI.The signals of two mixed germ cell tumors were not typical,which depended on the components within tumors.Conclusion The MRI features of germ cell tumors in sellar region are characteristic.

Objective To observe the effect and safety of Mailuoning Injection(MLN) in treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanying lower extremity atherosclerotic obliterans.Methods The selected patients were assigned by randomized digital table to a treated group (120 cases treated with MLN) and a control group (60 cases treated with alprostadil). The clinical efficacy was assessed after 4 weeks of treatment. Results The total effective rate in the treated group was 95.0%, better than that in the control group,83.3%(P＜0.01).Conclusion MLN has the effect of activating blood circulation.dissolving stasis and dredging collaterals, reducing the formation of thrombi. MLN is effective and safe when applied in clinical practice for the treatment of lower extremity diabetic atherosclerotic obliterans.

Aim To explore the effects of curcumin on inflammatory reaction and blood-brain barrier permeability in rats following cerebral ischemic injury,and to further investigate its potential mechanisms.Methods SD rats underwent the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by the sutrure occlusion model were randomly divided into sham-control,cerebral ischemia and curcumin-treatment groups.Neurological deficit scores,cerebral infarction volume,brain water content and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability were measured,myeloperoxidase(MPO)activities in rat brain were measured as an index of neutrophil infiltration;content of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in rat brain was detected by ELISA;expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in rat brain was determined by Western blot.Results Neurological deficit and cerebral infarction volume was decreased in curcumin-treatment group.The degree of neutrophilicgranulo cyte infiltration in cerebral tissues was decreased and the integrity of BBB was improved.Curcumin could also inhibit TNF-α and MMP-9 expression.Conclusion Curcumin exerts the neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through inhibiting the inflammatory reaction and improving BBB integrity,which may be associated with the inhibiton of TNF-α and MMP-9.

Objective To study the structures of the plasmids of Klebsiella pneumoniae KF3 at the genome metagenome level througth with whole plasmid DNA sequencing, to analyze the functional genes carried by plasmid and to identify the correlation of resistance and pathogenicity between the plasmids and the host strains. Methods The alkaline lysis method was used to extract plasmids. We constructed the small insert pUC18 library and the large insert Forsmid library, sequenced and used the Phred / Phrap / Consed package to assemble these sequences and gained a complete sequence. The open reading frame(ORFs) were predicted by the Glimmer software and annotated, analyzed the functions of these genes. Results We successfully constructed the pUC18 library and the Fosmid libraries for the plasmid DNA and obtained three circular double-stranded DNA plasmids: pKF3-70 (69 477 bp), pKF3-90 (91 327 bp) and pKF3-147 ( 147 416 bp). There were drug resistant genes, conjugative transfer genes and mobile DNA elements identified on three plasmids. Conclusion The three plasmids of KF3 could be transferred among different strains. It would lead to the dissemination of the resistant genes.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of Xuesaitong Soft Capsule(XSC)on soft plaque in patients with cerebrovascular carotid atherosclerosis.Methods 240 patients with cerebrovascular carotid atherosclerosis were randomly recruited into two groups:120 patients in a conrtol group treated by conventional therapy(aspirin and simvastatin),while the other 120 patients in a treatment group were treated by conventional therapy plus XSC.Both groups received the treatment for 6 months,followed by 1 year's succedent study.Results The nature,number and size of soft plaque were apparently improved after treatment in both groups.Such improvements as subsidence of soft plaques,soft plaque turning into a hard plaque,the number of soft plaque and soft plaque volume in the treatment group were superior to the control group(t=3.525.0.01).Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and re-hospitalization in the treatment group were also lower than the control group(t=3.678.0.01).Conclusion XSC is efrective in the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis soft plaque and significantly decrease the incidence of cardiovascular and cercbrovascular disease.

Filter pass-band settings have impact not only on ECG output amplitude, but also on output signal wave-form of some types of digital electrocardiograph. Lower cut-off frequency is decided by Wander filter setting for some types of digital electrocardiograph, and higher cut-off frequency is decided by muscle filter when muscle filter functionality is "on". We research into various filter settings' impact on the output of digital electrocardiograph and have discussions on the malfunctions found in digital electrocardiograph measurement.
Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Electrocardiography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted