The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) control natural killer (NK) cells development and cytotoxic functions, however, whether long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in this pathway remains unknown. We found that miR155HG was elevated in activated NK cells and promoted their proliferation and effector functions in both NK92 and induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived NK (iPSC-NK) cells, without reliance on its derived miR-155 and micropeptide P155. Mechanistically, miR155HG bound to miR-6756 and relieved its repression of JAK3 expression, thereby promoting the JAK-STAT pathway and enhancing NK cell proliferation and function. Further investigations disclosed that upon cytokine stimulation, STAT3 directly interacts with miR155HG promoter and induces miR155HG transcription. Collectively, we identify a miR155HG-mediated positive feedback loop of the JAK-STAT signaling. Our study will also provide a power target regarding miR155HG for improving NK cell generation and effector function in the field of NK cell adoptive transfer therapy against cancer, especially iPSC-derived NK cells.

Objective By exploring the conditional configuration effect of negative defensive medicine behavior,the formation mechanism and causal path of negative defensive medicine are explained,and systematic suggestions are provided for negative defensive medicine behavior,so as to improve the rational utilization of health resources.Methods NCA and fsQCA are used to conduct configuration analysis on factors influencing passive defensive medical behavior,output the conditional configuration,and further analyze the configuration effects among the influencing factors.Results The antecedent conditions of negative defensive medicine include systemic mechanisms,institutional norms,social culture,doctor-patient relationships,and self-efficacy.Ultimately,two paths contributing to passive defensive medical behavior emerge:environment conduction type and efficiency-environment joint conduction type,their consistency is 0.830.Conclusion To reduce the negative defensive medical behavior,it should pay atten-tion to improving the institutional environment and improving doctors'self-efficacy,establish a fair and reasonable external institutional environment,create an honest and harmonious cultural atmosphere,strengthen the training of doctors'professional ability and improve the doctor-patient relationship,so as to improve the rational use of health resources.

Objective By exploring the conditional configuration effect of negative defensive medicine behavior,the formation mechanism and causal path of negative defensive medicine are explained,and systematic suggestions are provided for negative defensive medicine behavior,so as to improve the rational utilization of health resources.Methods NCA and fsQCA are used to conduct configuration analysis on factors influencing passive defensive medical behavior,output the conditional configuration,and further analyze the configuration effects among the influencing factors.Results The antecedent conditions of negative defensive medicine include systemic mechanisms,institutional norms,social culture,doctor-patient relationships,and self-efficacy.Ultimately,two paths contributing to passive defensive medical behavior emerge:environment conduction type and efficiency-environment joint conduction type,their consistency is 0.830.Conclusion To reduce the negative defensive medical behavior,it should pay atten-tion to improving the institutional environment and improving doctors'self-efficacy,establish a fair and reasonable external institutional environment,create an honest and harmonious cultural atmosphere,strengthen the training of doctors'professional ability and improve the doctor-patient relationship,so as to improve the rational use of health resources.

Objective By exploring the conditional configuration effect of negative defensive medicine behavior,the formation mechanism and causal path of negative defensive medicine are explained,and systematic suggestions are provided for negative defensive medicine behavior,so as to improve the rational utilization of health resources.Methods NCA and fsQCA are used to conduct configuration analysis on factors influencing passive defensive medical behavior,output the conditional configuration,and further analyze the configuration effects among the influencing factors.Results The antecedent conditions of negative defensive medicine include systemic mechanisms,institutional norms,social culture,doctor-patient relationships,and self-efficacy.Ultimately,two paths contributing to passive defensive medical behavior emerge:environment conduction type and efficiency-environment joint conduction type,their consistency is 0.830.Conclusion To reduce the negative defensive medical behavior,it should pay atten-tion to improving the institutional environment and improving doctors'self-efficacy,establish a fair and reasonable external institutional environment,create an honest and harmonious cultural atmosphere,strengthen the training of doctors'professional ability and improve the doctor-patient relationship,so as to improve the rational use of health resources.

Objective By exploring the conditional configuration effect of negative defensive medicine behavior,the formation mechanism and causal path of negative defensive medicine are explained,and systematic suggestions are provided for negative defensive medicine behavior,so as to improve the rational utilization of health resources.Methods NCA and fsQCA are used to conduct configuration analysis on factors influencing passive defensive medical behavior,output the conditional configuration,and further analyze the configuration effects among the influencing factors.Results The antecedent conditions of negative defensive medicine include systemic mechanisms,institutional norms,social culture,doctor-patient relationships,and self-efficacy.Ultimately,two paths contributing to passive defensive medical behavior emerge:environment conduction type and efficiency-environment joint conduction type,their consistency is 0.830.Conclusion To reduce the negative defensive medical behavior,it should pay atten-tion to improving the institutional environment and improving doctors'self-efficacy,establish a fair and reasonable external institutional environment,create an honest and harmonious cultural atmosphere,strengthen the training of doctors'professional ability and improve the doctor-patient relationship,so as to improve the rational use of health resources.

Objective By exploring the conditional configuration effect of negative defensive medicine behavior,the formation mechanism and causal path of negative defensive medicine are explained,and systematic suggestions are provided for negative defensive medicine behavior,so as to improve the rational utilization of health resources.Methods NCA and fsQCA are used to conduct configuration analysis on factors influencing passive defensive medical behavior,output the conditional configuration,and further analyze the configuration effects among the influencing factors.Results The antecedent conditions of negative defensive medicine include systemic mechanisms,institutional norms,social culture,doctor-patient relationships,and self-efficacy.Ultimately,two paths contributing to passive defensive medical behavior emerge:environment conduction type and efficiency-environment joint conduction type,their consistency is 0.830.Conclusion To reduce the negative defensive medical behavior,it should pay atten-tion to improving the institutional environment and improving doctors'self-efficacy,establish a fair and reasonable external institutional environment,create an honest and harmonious cultural atmosphere,strengthen the training of doctors'professional ability and improve the doctor-patient relationship,so as to improve the rational use of health resources.

Objective By exploring the conditional configuration effect of negative defensive medicine behavior,the formation mechanism and causal path of negative defensive medicine are explained,and systematic suggestions are provided for negative defensive medicine behavior,so as to improve the rational utilization of health resources.Methods NCA and fsQCA are used to conduct configuration analysis on factors influencing passive defensive medical behavior,output the conditional configuration,and further analyze the configuration effects among the influencing factors.Results The antecedent conditions of negative defensive medicine include systemic mechanisms,institutional norms,social culture,doctor-patient relationships,and self-efficacy.Ultimately,two paths contributing to passive defensive medical behavior emerge:environment conduction type and efficiency-environment joint conduction type,their consistency is 0.830.Conclusion To reduce the negative defensive medical behavior,it should pay atten-tion to improving the institutional environment and improving doctors'self-efficacy,establish a fair and reasonable external institutional environment,create an honest and harmonious cultural atmosphere,strengthen the training of doctors'professional ability and improve the doctor-patient relationship,so as to improve the rational use of health resources.

Objective By exploring the conditional configuration effect of negative defensive medicine behavior,the formation mechanism and causal path of negative defensive medicine are explained,and systematic suggestions are provided for negative defensive medicine behavior,so as to improve the rational utilization of health resources.Methods NCA and fsQCA are used to conduct configuration analysis on factors influencing passive defensive medical behavior,output the conditional configuration,and further analyze the configuration effects among the influencing factors.Results The antecedent conditions of negative defensive medicine include systemic mechanisms,institutional norms,social culture,doctor-patient relationships,and self-efficacy.Ultimately,two paths contributing to passive defensive medical behavior emerge:environment conduction type and efficiency-environment joint conduction type,their consistency is 0.830.Conclusion To reduce the negative defensive medical behavior,it should pay atten-tion to improving the institutional environment and improving doctors'self-efficacy,establish a fair and reasonable external institutional environment,create an honest and harmonious cultural atmosphere,strengthen the training of doctors'professional ability and improve the doctor-patient relationship,so as to improve the rational use of health resources.

Objective By exploring the conditional configuration effect of negative defensive medicine behavior,the formation mechanism and causal path of negative defensive medicine are explained,and systematic suggestions are provided for negative defensive medicine behavior,so as to improve the rational utilization of health resources.Methods NCA and fsQCA are used to conduct configuration analysis on factors influencing passive defensive medical behavior,output the conditional configuration,and further analyze the configuration effects among the influencing factors.Results The antecedent conditions of negative defensive medicine include systemic mechanisms,institutional norms,social culture,doctor-patient relationships,and self-efficacy.Ultimately,two paths contributing to passive defensive medical behavior emerge:environment conduction type and efficiency-environment joint conduction type,their consistency is 0.830.Conclusion To reduce the negative defensive medical behavior,it should pay atten-tion to improving the institutional environment and improving doctors'self-efficacy,establish a fair and reasonable external institutional environment,create an honest and harmonious cultural atmosphere,strengthen the training of doctors'professional ability and improve the doctor-patient relationship,so as to improve the rational use of health resources.

Objective To investigate the current status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among hospitalized patients aged 1-18 years, as well as the status of immunity after hepatitis B vaccination. Methods Related data were collected from the patients aged 1-18 years who were hospitalized in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from July 2020 to July 2021, including serological markers for hepatitis B (HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc) and hepatitis B vaccination. The epidemiological situation of HBV infection was analyzed, as well as the immune effect after vaccination. The trend chi-square test was used for trend analysis. Results A total of 10 658 hospitalized patients were collected, among whom there were 6 372 male patients (59.79%) and 4 286 female patients (40.21%). In this population, the patients with positive HBsAg accounted for 0.28% (30/10 658), with a relatively high proportion of 0.68% and 0.62%, respectively, in the 17-and 18-year age groups; the patients with positive anti-HBs accounted for 51.82% (5 523/10 658), with a relatively high proportion of > 63% in the 1-4 years age groups, and there was a reduction in the proportion of patients with positive anti-HBs (fluctuating around 40%) in the 5-18 years age groups. With the increase in age, the positive rate of anti-HBs tended to decrease in both male and female patients (male: χ 2 =8.217, P =0.004; female: χ 2 =10.048, P =0.002). Conclusion Based on the data of hospitalized patients, HBV infection in the population aged 1-18 years in Henan Province has the characteristics of low prevalence rate and high immunity, and the reduction in the proportion of patients with positive anti-HBs at more than five years after vaccination should be taken seriously in this region.