Objective To analyze the PLCβ4 gene mRNA expression and its clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on TCGA database. Methods Based on the data on 424 clinical samples (including 374 cases of HCC tissues and 50 cases of nontumor liver tissues) in the TCGA database, Kaplan–Meier method, Cox regression analysis, and immune infiltration analysis were performed to evaluate the relationship between PLCβ4 gene and the clinical characteristics and survival prognosis of HCC patients. Correlation analysis between PLCβ4 gene and 24 types of immune cells was applied to investigate the relationship between PLCβ4 gene and immune cell infiltration and mRNA expression level of TP53 gene, a high-frequency mutation gene in HCC. In addition, paraffin sections of highly, moderately, and poorly differentiated tumor tissues and normal liver tissues from HCC patients were collected. The histopathological observation was carried out via HE staining method, and the expression levels of PLCβ4 and Ki-67 proteins in each clinical sample were verified through the immunohistochemical method. Results The expression level of PLCβ4 gene in HCC was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (P<0.01), and all patients in the PLCβ4 high-expression group had a significantly longer overall survival than those in the low-expression group (P<0.05), which suggested that PLCβ4 substantially affected the prognosis of HCC patients. Correlation analysis showed that the expression level of PLCβ4 gene was highly correlated with immune cell infiltration and the expression level of TP53 gene. As verified by clinical sample experiments, HE staining experiments and immunohistochemical results revealed that PLCβ4 gene expression in HCC tissue samples was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (P<0.001), and it was negatively correlated with the degree of differentiation. Conclusion PLCβ4 may serve as an independent prognostic factor in HCC and is expected to be a novel molecular target for HCC treatment.

The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) control natural killer (NK) cells development and cytotoxic functions, however, whether long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in this pathway remains unknown. We found that miR155HG was elevated in activated NK cells and promoted their proliferation and effector functions in both NK92 and induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived NK (iPSC-NK) cells, without reliance on its derived miR-155 and micropeptide P155. Mechanistically, miR155HG bound to miR-6756 and relieved its repression of JAK3 expression, thereby promoting the JAK-STAT pathway and enhancing NK cell proliferation and function. Further investigations disclosed that upon cytokine stimulation, STAT3 directly interacts with miR155HG promoter and induces miR155HG transcription. Collectively, we identify a miR155HG-mediated positive feedback loop of the JAK-STAT signaling. Our study will also provide a power target regarding miR155HG for improving NK cell generation and effector function in the field of NK cell adoptive transfer therapy against cancer, especially iPSC-derived NK cells.

Objective:To investigate the impact of evaluating the alcohol intake on all-cause mortality in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease（MAFLD）and metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related liver disease（MetALD）.Method:The retrospective study included patients aged 20 to 74 years with hepatic steatosis diagnosed by ultrasound，with data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey（NHANES III）between 1988 and 1994. Participants were categorized into light，moderate，and heavy drinking groups according to daily alcohol intake. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios（aHR）and their 95% confidence intervals（ CI）were calculated by Cox proportional risk regression modeling to assess the effect of alcohol intake on all-cause mortality. Results:A total of 2 322 patients were included in the study. Males accounted for 50.2%（1 166/2 322），with a age of 42.0（31.3，57.0）years，a median follow-up of 316.0（270.0，337.0）months，and an all-cause mortality rate of 1.48% per person-year. There were 1，763 cases in the light drinking group，333 in the moderate drinking group，and 226 in the heavy drinking group.The all-cause mortality rates for patients in the three drinking groups were 1.38%，1.67%，and 2.10% per person-year，respectively. The moderate（a HR=1.37，95% CI：1.12 to 1.67， P=0.002）and heavy（a HR=1.45，95% CI：1.17 to 1.80， P=0.001）drinking groups were independently associated with increased all-cause mortality following covariate adjustment. There was a difference in all-cause mortality for alcohol intake in non-type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）patients under 60 years of age（ P<0.05），but the difference was not statistically significant between non-T2DM patients over 60 years of age and T2DM patients of all ages（ P>0.05）according to the analysis of diabetes status and age subgroups. Conclusion:Alcohol intake has a dose-dependent negative effect on patients with MAFLD and MetALD. The risk of all-cause mortality increased significantly with increasing alcohol intake.

Synthetic biology is a crucial tool for the development of the bio-industry and bio-economy, representing a significant aspect of new quality productive forces. As a core course for graduate students in bioengineering, Synthetic Biology plays a vital role in ensuring the supply of essential talents for the development of the bio-industry in the new era. To better serve regional economic development and provide high-level talents for China's progress in the bio-industry, we analyzed typical issues encountered in the past teaching activities, set up a multi-disciplinary teaching team, optimized the course contents, adjusted the teaching mode, and mobilized students' learning interest. With the application of scientific research project as the starting point, we guided students to think and discuss deeply through the simulation of application writing and project defense, which improved students' critical thinking and innovative thinking. With industrialization as a focus, we explored a new training model combining production, education, and research through the joint practice base of the university and enterprises introduced typical cases of biomanufacturing to encourage students to engage in scientific research. The teaching reform significantly enhances the comprehensive abilities and national sentiments of graduate students. This paper hopes to serve as a reference for colleagues engaged in teaching in this field.
Synthetic Biology/education* ; Teaching ; China ; Humans

Objective:To explore the key factors affecting health-related quality of life in children with brain tumors following initial diagnosis and to analyze its impact on survival and prognosis.Methods:Seventy-eight pediatric brain tumor patients who participated in a prospective cohort study between June 1st，2016 and June 30th，2021 were included for health-related quality of life assessment and long-term follow-up（median follow-up duration：52 months）.Results:The male-to-female ratio among the 78 children was 1.1：1，with a median age of 7.0（4.0，10.0）years. The scores of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory? 4.0 Generic Core Scales（PedsQL? 4.0）were（67.40±18.26）for parent proxy reports and（67.87±20.40）for child self-reports. Cronbach's α coefficients ranged from 0.790 to 0.927，with the intraclass correlation coefficient（ICC）was 0.673. According to the PedsQL? 4.0，impaired quality of life was observed in 50.0% of children by parent proxy report and 52.8% by child self-report，primarily affecting physical and role functioning. In addition，70% of caregivers reported impaired quality of life，with worry being the most prominent issue. Key factors affecting children's quality of life included radiotherapy，tumor stage，annual family income，and parents' marital status，while caregivers' quality of life was influenced by radiotherapy and the child's IgA levels（all P<0.05）. Children with decreased total scores，impaired physical functioning，or impaired emotional functioning on the PedsQL? 4.0 parent proxy report exhibited an increased risk of mortality（all P<0.05）. In multivariate Cox regression analysis，independent prognostic factors included a decrease in the total score on the PedsQL? 4.0 parent proxy report（ HR=6.702，95% CI：1.442-31.151， P<0.05），presence of hydrocephalus（ HR=33.602，95% CI：4.354-259.333， P<0.05），tumor recurrence（ HR=16.846，95% CI：3.158-89.852， P<0.05），and absence of hydrocephalus shunt surgery（ HR=13.428，95% CI：1.761-102.394， P<0.05）. Conclusion:The quality of life of newly diagnosed children with brain tumors is lower than that of healthy children，and quality of life is an important prognostic factor. Quality of life assessment should be an integral component of a comprehensive management program for children with brain tumors.

Objective To explore the optimization and effect analysis method of rational drug use pre-prescription review rule base for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods The rules for the modules including indications,dosage range,incompatibility,administration route and repeated drug use of TCM decoction pieces and Chinese patent medicine were set to improve pre-prescription review rule base.The prescription rationality rate and intervention effectiveness rate to evaluate effect by χ2 test before and after the system optimization.Results After the optimization of pre-prescription review rule base for TCM,the rate of prescription rationality of the hospital increased from approximately 78.19%to 94.50%,and the rate of intervention effectiveness increased from approximately 82.80%to 97.15%.There were statistically significant differences in prescription rationality and intervention effectiveness rate between pre-and post-optimization groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion According to the current pre-prescription status of the hospital,optimizing pre-prescription review rules of TCM can improve the applicability of the review system for TCM prescriptions,and enhance the pre-prescription accuracy and the level of rational medication.However,rules optimization on other modules still needs to be further improved.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of artificial humeral head replacement versus locking plate internal fixation in the treatment of comminuted proximal humeral fractures in older adult patients. Methods:A total of 30 older adult patients with proximal humeral comminuted fractures, admitted to Beifang Hospital, Huainan Xinhua Medical Group from January 2022 to December 2024, were included in this study. A prospective randomized controlled study design was used. The patients were divided into an observation group and a control group using a random number table method, with 15 patients in each group. The observation group underwent artificial humeral head replacement surgery, while the control group received internal fixation with a proximal humeral locking plate. Clinical treatment outcomes, shoulder joint function recovery, and complications were observed and compared between the two groups.Results:The intraoperative blood loss in the observation group was less than that in the control group [(182.24 ± 24.36) mL vs. (245.17 ± 46.08) mL]. The surgery duration [(71.84 ± 7.52) minutes vs. (93.67 ± 12.50) minutes] and hospital stay [(11.37 ± 1.89) days vs. (13.52 ± 2.67) days] were also significantly shorter in the observation group compared with the control group ( t = 4.68, 5.80, 2.55, all P < 0.05). The range of motion in the shoulder joint was greater in the observation group compared with the control group [forward elevation: (94.47 ± 7.66) ° vs. (86.14 ± 5.15) °, external rotation: (61.35 ± 6.57) ° vs. (52.40 ± 4.82) °, and internal rotation: (74.35 ± 4.80) ° vs. (62.76 ± 3.59) °]. The total Constant-Murley score was higher in the observation group [(92.91 ± 10.58) vs. (76.29 ± 7.48)], and the rate of excellent recovery of shoulder function was also higher in the observation group [73.33% (11/15) vs. 53.33% (8/15)] compared with the control group. The incidence of complications was lower in the observation group [6.66% (1/15) vs. 33.33% (5/15)] compared with the control group. All differences were statistically significant ( t = 3.50, 4.25, 7.49, 4.97, χ2 = 4.12, 5.12, all P < 0.05). Conclusions:For older adult patients with severe osteoporosis or irreparable proximal humeral comminuted fractures, artificial humeral head replacement yields more favorable outcomes compared with locking plate internal fixation, resulting in a better recovery of shoulder joint function.

Defensive medicine is a complex clinical decision-making phenomenon caused by the change of medical system and the generalization of medical risk.Based on the multi-dimensional driving perspective decon-structs defensive medicine into three types:quality improvement behaviorassurance behavior and avoidance behaviorintegrates event system theory,affective event theory,social cognition theory,self-worth orientation the-oryand builds a multi-dimensional driving chain of"environment-event-emotion-cognitive-attitudinal behavior".Systematically deconstruct the formation mechanism of defensive medicine.The multi-dimensional driving analysis shows that the intensitytime and space of the event jointly trigger the behavior adjustment;Emotional factors af-fect decision-making directly or indirectly through attitude mediating;Environmentcognition and behavior interacted with each other to form a cycle.Behavior is differentiated by attitudinal orientation.On this basis collaborative gover-nance strategies such as optimizing dispute handling mechanismcreating doctor-patient trust atmosphereand im-proving value incentive system are proposed to provide theoretical support and practical path for improving doc-tor-patient relationship and medical quality.

Defensive medicine is a complex clinical decision-making phenomenon caused by the change of medical system and the generalization of medical risk.Based on the multi-dimensional driving perspective decon-structs defensive medicine into three types:quality improvement behaviorassurance behavior and avoidance behaviorintegrates event system theory,affective event theory,social cognition theory,self-worth orientation the-oryand builds a multi-dimensional driving chain of"environment-event-emotion-cognitive-attitudinal behavior".Systematically deconstruct the formation mechanism of defensive medicine.The multi-dimensional driving analysis shows that the intensitytime and space of the event jointly trigger the behavior adjustment;Emotional factors af-fect decision-making directly or indirectly through attitude mediating;Environmentcognition and behavior interacted with each other to form a cycle.Behavior is differentiated by attitudinal orientation.On this basis collaborative gover-nance strategies such as optimizing dispute handling mechanismcreating doctor-patient trust atmosphereand im-proving value incentive system are proposed to provide theoretical support and practical path for improving doc-tor-patient relationship and medical quality.

Objective To explore the optimization and effect analysis method of rational drug use pre-prescription review rule base for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods The rules for the modules including indications,dosage range,incompatibility,administration route and repeated drug use of TCM decoction pieces and Chinese patent medicine were set to improve pre-prescription review rule base.The prescription rationality rate and intervention effectiveness rate to evaluate effect by χ2 test before and after the system optimization.Results After the optimization of pre-prescription review rule base for TCM,the rate of prescription rationality of the hospital increased from approximately 78.19%to 94.50%,and the rate of intervention effectiveness increased from approximately 82.80%to 97.15%.There were statistically significant differences in prescription rationality and intervention effectiveness rate between pre-and post-optimization groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion According to the current pre-prescription status of the hospital,optimizing pre-prescription review rules of TCM can improve the applicability of the review system for TCM prescriptions,and enhance the pre-prescription accuracy and the level of rational medication.However,rules optimization on other modules still needs to be further improved.