Objective To explore the effect of hypoxic exercise on Irisin secretion of obese rats with a palmitic acid-induced lipid accumulation in L6 myotubes and a high-fat diet-induced model.Methods L6 myotubes were treated with 750 μmol/L palmitic acid to induce lipid accumulation and subsequently divided into four groups of normoxia(N),exercise(E),hypoxia(H),and hypoxic exer-cise(HE).Hypoxic conditions(1%O2)were used to simulate a low-oxygen environment,while AICAR stimulation was applied to the E and HE groups to mimic exercise.Eighty 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks to establish an obesity model.Fifty obese rats that met the criteria were then selected and randomly assigned according to their body weight into five groups of normoxia-sedentary(NC),normoxia-exercise(NE),hypoxia-sedentary(HC),high-liv-ing high-training(HH),and low-living high-training(LH),each of 10.The hypoxic environment was set at 13.6%O2(simulating 3,500 m altitude).Then the NE,HH and LH groups performed daily one-hour treadmill training(NE:20 m/min;HH and LH:16 m/min),5 days/week for 4 weeks.After the intervention,the body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA),while Irisin concentrations in cell culture media and rat serum were determined by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Moreover,fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing 5(FNDC5)mRNA expression in L6 cells and rat skeletal muscle was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),while FNDC5 and silent information regulator 1-peroxisome proliferators-activated re-ceptor γ coactivator lalpha(SIRT1-PGC-1α)pathway proteins were analyzed using Western blotting.Results(1)Cell experiments:①Compared with the N group,there were significantly higher Irisin lev-els in the culture medium of the E,H,and HE groups(P<0.01,P<0.05),as well as elevated FNDC5 mRNA and protein expression in the E and HE groups(P<0.05,P<0.01).Moreover,the Iri-sin concentration and FNDC5 protein levels of group HE were significantly higher than group E(P<0.05).②Compared with group N,significantly increased SIRT1 and PGC-1α protein expression was observed in groups E and HE(P<0.05,P<0.01).(2)Animal experiments:①Compared with the NC group,body weight and fat mass were significantly lower in the NE,LH,and HH groups(P<0.01),with further reductions observed in the HH group compared with the NE group(P<0.05).② Com-pared with group NC,groups NE,LH,and HH exhibited higher serum Irisin levels and increased FNDC5 mRNA and protein expression in skeletal muscle(P<0.05,P<0.01).Furthermore,FNDC5 pro-tein expression of the HH group was significantly higher than the NE group(P<0.05).③ Compared with the NC group,SIRT1 and PGC-1α protein levels were significantly upregulated in the NE,LH,and HH groups(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Hypoxic exercise effectively alleviates obesity,reduces body weight and fat accumulation in high-fat diet-induced obese rats,and enhances FNDC5 expres-sion and Irisin secretion,which may be mediated through activation of the SIRT1-PGC-1α signaling pathway.Moreover,among the different hypoxic exercise modalities,the"high-living high-training"protocol appears to have greater benefits in promoting FNDC5/Irisin expression and facilitating weight and fat reduction in obese rats.

Objective: To analyze the trend in burden of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China from 1990 to 2021, so as to provide insights into reducing the RA burden in China. Methods: Data of Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were collected, and the incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of RA in China from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed and compared with global and different Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions. The trend in burden of RA was analyzed using average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: The crude incidence rates of RA in China increased from 10.87/105 in 1990 to 17.38/105 in 2021, the crude mortality rates increased from 0.41/105 to 0.72/105, and the crude DALY rates increased from 34.26/105 to 58.61/105, with the increases of 59.98%, 77.95% and 71.06%, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, the standardized incidence rates of RA in China showed an increasing trend (AAPC=0.545%, P<0.05), the standardized mortality rates showed a decreasing trend (AAPC=-0.783%, P<0.05), and the standardized DALY rates showed no significant trend (AAPC=-0.017%, P>0.05). In 2021, the standardized incidence rate, standardized mortality rate and standardized DALY rate of RA were higher in females than in males; from 1990 to 2021, the standardized DALY rates of RA showed a decreasing trend in females (AAPC=-0.200%, P<0.05) and an increasing trend in males (AAPC=0.316%, P<0.05). The crude incidence rates of RA first increased and then decreased with age in 2021, reaching the highest in the age group of 75-<80 years at 34.36/105. Both the crude mortality rates and the crude DALY rates increased with age, reaching the highest in the age group of 95 years and older at 26.72/105 and 285.67/105, respectively. The standardized incidence rates and standardized DALY rates of RA in China in 2021 were lower than those in high SDI regions, while the standardized mortality rate was lower than that in medium-low SDI regions. Conclusions The burden of RA in China from 1990 to 2021 showed an upward trend, and was at a high level compared to different SDI regions. Higher disease burden of RA was seen in females and the elderly.

Objective To explore the effect of hypoxic exercise on Irisin secretion of obese rats with a palmitic acid-induced lipid accumulation in L6 myotubes and a high-fat diet-induced model.Methods L6 myotubes were treated with 750 μmol/L palmitic acid to induce lipid accumulation and subsequently divided into four groups of normoxia(N),exercise(E),hypoxia(H),and hypoxic exer-cise(HE).Hypoxic conditions(1%O2)were used to simulate a low-oxygen environment,while AICAR stimulation was applied to the E and HE groups to mimic exercise.Eighty 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks to establish an obesity model.Fifty obese rats that met the criteria were then selected and randomly assigned according to their body weight into five groups of normoxia-sedentary(NC),normoxia-exercise(NE),hypoxia-sedentary(HC),high-liv-ing high-training(HH),and low-living high-training(LH),each of 10.The hypoxic environment was set at 13.6%O2(simulating 3,500 m altitude).Then the NE,HH and LH groups performed daily one-hour treadmill training(NE:20 m/min;HH and LH:16 m/min),5 days/week for 4 weeks.After the intervention,the body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA),while Irisin concentrations in cell culture media and rat serum were determined by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Moreover,fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing 5(FNDC5)mRNA expression in L6 cells and rat skeletal muscle was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),while FNDC5 and silent information regulator 1-peroxisome proliferators-activated re-ceptor γ coactivator lalpha(SIRT1-PGC-1α)pathway proteins were analyzed using Western blotting.Results(1)Cell experiments:①Compared with the N group,there were significantly higher Irisin lev-els in the culture medium of the E,H,and HE groups(P<0.01,P<0.05),as well as elevated FNDC5 mRNA and protein expression in the E and HE groups(P<0.05,P<0.01).Moreover,the Iri-sin concentration and FNDC5 protein levels of group HE were significantly higher than group E(P<0.05).②Compared with group N,significantly increased SIRT1 and PGC-1α protein expression was observed in groups E and HE(P<0.05,P<0.01).(2)Animal experiments:①Compared with the NC group,body weight and fat mass were significantly lower in the NE,LH,and HH groups(P<0.01),with further reductions observed in the HH group compared with the NE group(P<0.05).② Com-pared with group NC,groups NE,LH,and HH exhibited higher serum Irisin levels and increased FNDC5 mRNA and protein expression in skeletal muscle(P<0.05,P<0.01).Furthermore,FNDC5 pro-tein expression of the HH group was significantly higher than the NE group(P<0.05).③ Compared with the NC group,SIRT1 and PGC-1α protein levels were significantly upregulated in the NE,LH,and HH groups(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Hypoxic exercise effectively alleviates obesity,reduces body weight and fat accumulation in high-fat diet-induced obese rats,and enhances FNDC5 expres-sion and Irisin secretion,which may be mediated through activation of the SIRT1-PGC-1α signaling pathway.Moreover,among the different hypoxic exercise modalities,the"high-living high-training"protocol appears to have greater benefits in promoting FNDC5/Irisin expression and facilitating weight and fat reduction in obese rats.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of frailty among older adults diagnosed with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-ACS).Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study involving patients aged 65 years and older with NSTE-ACS, who were admitted to the Cardiology Center and the Department of Geriatrics at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, between January 2020 and November 2021.Patients were categorized into non-frail, pre-frail, and frail groups based on the FRAIL scale.We collected clinical data, including general health conditions, comorbidities, laboratory results, treatments, and comprehensive geriatric assessments.Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors associated with frailty and pre-frailty in older adults with NSTE-ACS.Results:A total of 528 patients with NSTE-ACS were included in the study, comprising 308 males(58.3%)and 220 females(41.7%). The age range of participants was from 65 to 90 years, with a median age of 72(68, 76)years.The prevalence of frailty among older adults with NSTE-ACS was 11.4%(60/528), while pre-frailty was observed in 51.9%(274/528), and non-frailty in 36.7%(194/528). Compared to the non-frail and pre-frail groups, patients in the frail group were older, had a higher proportion of females, exhibited a greater prevalence of chronic diseases, and presented with elevated inflammatory markers.Additionally, frail patients demonstrated poorer nutritional status and reduced functional ability(all P<0.005). Risk factors for frailty in older adults with NSTE-ACS included older age( OR=1.110, 95% CI: 1.032-1.194, P=0.005), diabetes( OR=2.489, 95% CI: 1.091-5.679, P=0.030), cerebrovascular disease ( OR=4.151, 95% CI: 1.660-10.384, P=0.002), chronic kidney disease ( OR=42.874, 95% CI: 3.957-464.513, P=0.002), and elevated white blood cell levels( OR=1.424, 95% CI: 1.125-1.802, P=0.003). Conversely, being male( OR=0.252, 95% CI: 0.105-0.604, P=0.002)was identified as a protective factor against frailty in this patient population.For pre-frail older adults with NSTE-ACS, identified risk factors included diabetes( OR=1.882, 95% CI: 1.199-2.955, P=0.006), cerebrovascular disease( OR=1.938, 95% CI: 1.176-3.195, P=0.009), and chronic kidney disease ( OR=12.137, 95% CI: 1.536-95.934, P=0.018). Similarly, being male( OR=0.601, 95% CI: 0.376-0.961, P=0.033)was also a protective factor for pre-frailty in older adults with NSTE-ACS. Conclusions:The prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty among older adults with NSTE-ACS is notably high.Common risk factors for frailty and pre-frailty in this population include female gender, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease.

Abstract In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has risen rapidly, posing a serious threat to their physical and mental health. To provide scientific, systematic, and standardized weight management guidance for overweight and obese children and adolescents, the study focuses on the core concept of healthy lifestyle intervention, integrates multidisciplinary expert opinions and research findings,and proposes a comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention framework covering scientific exercise intervention, precise nutrition and diet, optimized sleep management, and standardized psychological support. It calls for the establishment of a multi agent collaborative management mechanism led by the government, implemented by families, fostered by schools, initiated by individuals, optimized by communities, reinforced by healthcare, and coordinated by multiple stakeholders. Emphasizing a child and adolescent centered approach, the consensus advocates for comprehensive, multi level, and personalized guidance strategies to promote the internalization and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle. It serves as a reference and provides recommendations for the effective prevention and control of overweight and obesity, and enhancing the health level of children and adolescents.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of frailty among older adults diagnosed with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-ACS).Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study involving patients aged 65 years and older with NSTE-ACS, who were admitted to the Cardiology Center and the Department of Geriatrics at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, between January 2020 and November 2021.Patients were categorized into non-frail, pre-frail, and frail groups based on the FRAIL scale.We collected clinical data, including general health conditions, comorbidities, laboratory results, treatments, and comprehensive geriatric assessments.Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors associated with frailty and pre-frailty in older adults with NSTE-ACS.Results:A total of 528 patients with NSTE-ACS were included in the study, comprising 308 males(58.3%)and 220 females(41.7%). The age range of participants was from 65 to 90 years, with a median age of 72(68, 76)years.The prevalence of frailty among older adults with NSTE-ACS was 11.4%(60/528), while pre-frailty was observed in 51.9%(274/528), and non-frailty in 36.7%(194/528). Compared to the non-frail and pre-frail groups, patients in the frail group were older, had a higher proportion of females, exhibited a greater prevalence of chronic diseases, and presented with elevated inflammatory markers.Additionally, frail patients demonstrated poorer nutritional status and reduced functional ability(all P<0.005). Risk factors for frailty in older adults with NSTE-ACS included older age( OR=1.110, 95% CI: 1.032-1.194, P=0.005), diabetes( OR=2.489, 95% CI: 1.091-5.679, P=0.030), cerebrovascular disease ( OR=4.151, 95% CI: 1.660-10.384, P=0.002), chronic kidney disease ( OR=42.874, 95% CI: 3.957-464.513, P=0.002), and elevated white blood cell levels( OR=1.424, 95% CI: 1.125-1.802, P=0.003). Conversely, being male( OR=0.252, 95% CI: 0.105-0.604, P=0.002)was identified as a protective factor against frailty in this patient population.For pre-frail older adults with NSTE-ACS, identified risk factors included diabetes( OR=1.882, 95% CI: 1.199-2.955, P=0.006), cerebrovascular disease( OR=1.938, 95% CI: 1.176-3.195, P=0.009), and chronic kidney disease ( OR=12.137, 95% CI: 1.536-95.934, P=0.018). Similarly, being male( OR=0.601, 95% CI: 0.376-0.961, P=0.033)was also a protective factor for pre-frailty in older adults with NSTE-ACS. Conclusions:The prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty among older adults with NSTE-ACS is notably high.Common risk factors for frailty and pre-frailty in this population include female gender, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease.

Objective:To analyze the application value of negative pressure closed drainage in tuberculous surgery infected wounds and its effect on wound healing and Th1/Th2 expression.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 120 patients with tuberculous surgery infected wounds admitted to Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital from January 2019 to June 2021. The patients were divided into observation group and control group according to the random envelope method, with 60 cases in each group. The control group received conventional suture drainage tube intervention, while the observation group received negative pressure closed drainage intervention. The survival rate of skin grafting at 2 weeks after operation, the wound healing rate at 8 weeks after operation, and the pain situation during the first 3 dressing changes were observed. The levels of interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), Th1 and Th2 in serum were detected before treatment and 14 days after treatment.Results:The survival rate of skin grafting at 2 weeks and the wound healing rate at 8 weeks in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group during the second and third dressing changes (all P<0.05). At 14 days after treatment, the serum levels of Th1 and Th2 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-6, ALP, P, Ca, Th1/Th2 in serum were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Using negative pressure closed drainage technology can effectively promote wound healing in patients with tuberculous surgery infected wounds and improve the balance of Th1/Th2 in blood.

Objective:To explore the abnormal brain metabolic pattern and connectivity in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients.Methods:18F-FDG PET images of 75 patients diagnosed as drug resistant unilateral TLE from January 2014 to December 2016 in Huashan Hospital of Fudan University were collected retrospectively, including 41 (22 males, 19 females, age (28.4±8.7) years) left TLE (LTLE) and 34 (13 males, 21 females, age (28.5±8.8) years) right TLE (RTLE). Forty-four healthy controls (24 males, 20 females, age (31.2±6.2) years) were also enrolled. The cerebral glucose metabolism in TLE patients and the controls were analyzed with statistical parametric mapping (SPM) 12. The brain connectivity based on glucose metabolism were analyzed with bilateral hippocampus and amygdala as seeds. Permutation test with 1 000 permutations was used to analyze data. Results:Compared to control group, in both LTLE and RTLE groups, hypometabolism was found in affected hippocampus, amygdala, insula and temporal gyrus and hypermetabolism was observed in health hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, lenticular nucleus and thalamus. In addition, hypometabolism was also found in affected superior/middle frontal gyrus and hypermetabolism was also found in bilateral frontal-orbital gyrus, bilateral cerebellum, affected lenticular nucleus and thalamus in LTLE group. In both TLE groups, affected seeds exhibited increased connectivity with affected superior frontal gyrus, lingual gyrus, fusiform gyrus, superior/middle temporal gyrus and temporal pole (all P<0.05); affected seeds exhibited increased connectivity with health superior frontal gyrus ( P=0.005), lingual gyrus ( P=0.018) and transverse temporal gyrus ( P=0.016) in RTLE group in addition. Besides, affected seeds exhibited decreased connectivity with bilateral default mode network (DMN) (all P<0.05), affected caudate nucleus ( P=0.015) and health thalamus ( P=0.008), in a uniform distribution pattern in LTLE group, and with bilateral cerebral cortex in an irregular distribution pattern in RTLE group (all P<0.05). In LTLE group, health seeds exhibited more increased connections with superior ( P=0.005)/middle frontal gyrus ( P=0.042), health hippocampus ( P=0.038), parahippocampal gyrus ( P=0.019), amygdala ( P=0.038), posterior cingulate gyrus ( P=0.004), and bilateral fusiform gyrusand ( P=0.048) compared with RTLE group; while, in RTLE group, health seeds exhibited more decreased connections with health superior ( P=0.047), inferior frontal gyrus ( P<0.001), orbital frontal gyrus ( P<0.001) and rectus gyrus ( P=0.016) compared with LTLE group. Conclusion:Altered brain glucose metabolism and connectivity pattern are found and will elucidate the underlying metabolic pattern of TLE.

Objective To explore the practical value of Stroop task of symptomatic words and identity-related words for screening executive dysfunction in schizophrenia.Methods Sixty-five patients with schizophrenia in clinical remission and sixty-two healthy controls were recruited in this trial.Patients and controls completed the Stroop task of symptomatic words and identity-related words.Analyze and compare the difference of reaction time between the two groups on the two stroop paradigms and further analyze the degree of discrimination of the two stroop paradigme.Results The reaction time of schizophrenic patients was longer than that of healthy controls in both symptom-word Stroop task ((1 206.65 ± 476.39)ms vs (916.01 ± 395.85) ms,t =6.46,P＜ 0.001),and identity-word Stroop task ((1 256.22 ± 630.18) ms vs (927.85 ± 419.98) ms,t=6.01,P＜0.01).The sensitivity and specificity were obtained by Receiver Operating Characteristic curves in symptom-word Stroop task (89％ and 57％,respectively) and identity-word Stroop task (81％ and 66％,respectively).Conclusion Symptom-word Stroop task and identity-word Stroop task showed moderate diagnostic value for the identification executive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia.

The clinical manifestations of patients with schizophrenia and patients with depression not only have a certain similarity, but also change with the patient's mood, and thus lead to misdiagnosis in clinical diagnosis. Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis provides an important reference and objective basis for accurate differentiation and diagnosis between patients with schizophrenia and patients with depression. In order to solve the problem of misdiagnosis between patients with schizophrenia and patients with depression, and to improve the accuracy of the classification and diagnosis of these two diseases, in this study we extracted the resting-state EEG features from 100 patients with depression and 100 patients with schizophrenia, including information entropy, sample entropy and approximate entropy, statistical properties feature and relative power spectral density (rPSD) of each EEG rhythm (δ, θ, α, β). Then feature vectors were formed to classify these two types of patients using the support vector machine (SVM) and the naive Bayes (NB) classifier. Experimental results indicate that: ① The rPSD feature vector performs the best in classification, achieving an average accuracy of 84.2% and a highest accuracy of 86.3%; ② The accuracy of SVM is obviously better than that of NB; ③ For the rPSD of each rhythm, the β rhythm performs the best with the highest accuracy of 76%; ④ Electrodes with large feature weight are mainly concentrated in the frontal lobe and parietal lobe. The results of this study indicate that the rPSD feature vector in conjunction with SVM can effectively distinguish depression and schizophrenia, and can also play an auxiliary role in the relevant clinical diagnosis.
Bayes Theorem ; Depression ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Schizophrenia ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Support Vector Machine