With the development of technology,humans are increasingly exposed to radio frequency electromagnetic fields.Previous studies have shown that radio frequency radiation could affect public health,but there was no consensus on whether radio frequency radiation affected human cognitive function,and most experimental results were not reproducible.Based on literature currently available,this paper reviews the measurement and control methods of public exposure and laboratory exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields,and the effects of long term and short term electromagnetic radiation on cognitive function and neural activity of the human brain.The existing problems are summarized,prospects are predicted,and recommendations are given as to how the influence of radio frequency electromagnetic fields on cognitive function should be studied in the future.